...THE FUTURE OF FORECLOSURE LAW IN THE WAKE OF THE GREAT HOUSING CRISIS OF 2007-2014 Clinical Professor of Law Notre Dame Law School Judith Fox 54 WASHBURN L. J. (forthcoming, 2015) Notre Dame Law School Legal Studies Research Paper No. 1504 A complete list of Research Papers in this Series can be found at: http://www.ssrn.com/link/notre-dame-legal-studies.html This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network electronic library at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2573203 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2573203 The Future of Foreclosure Law in the Wake of the Great Housing Crisis of 2007-2014 Judith Fox* ABSTRACT As 2014 came to an end so, perhaps, did the worst foreclosure crisis in U.S. history. On January 15, 2015, RealityTrac, one of the nation’s leading reporters of housing data, declared the foreclosure crisis had ended. Whether or not their declaration proves true, the aftermath of the crisis will be felt for years to come. During the crisis it is estimated more than five million families lost their homes to foreclosure. Federal, state and local responses to the crisis changed laws and perceptions regarding foreclosure. Despite these changes, we end the crisis much the way we began---with a nationwide foreclosure system mistrusted and disliked by lenders and consumers alike. This paper examines the responses to the crisis in an effort to determine what worked, what did not, and where foreclosure law should...
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...Competitive Strategies and Government Policies Paper Maryna Lambropoulos, Trenton Acrey, Jose Esquivel & Jorge Benitez ECO/365 January 7, 2015 Matthew Mulyanto Competitive Strategies and Government Strategies Paper Wells Fargo & Company (NYSE: WFC) is a nationwide, diversified financial services company with $1.6 trillion in assets. Founded in 1852, Wells Fargo provides banking, insurance, investments, mortgage, and consumer and commercial finance through more than 8,700 locations, approx. 12,500 ATMs, online banking and asset management at wellsfargo.com, and mobile apps for mobile devices so you can access your accounts on the go. With headquarters located in San Francisco, Wells Fargo has more than 265,000 team members in 36 countries across our approximately 90 businesses. At the end of the third quarter 2014, Wells Fargo ranked fourth in assets among United States banks and was the world’s most valuable bank by market capitalization. In 2013, Euromoney named Wells Fargo “Best Bank” in its Global Awards for Excellence, the first time a United States based bank has won the top award. Wells Fargo Bank is one of the largest banks in the United States. Prior to 2008 through 2010, WFB had many United States based competitors, but that number has decreased due to bank failures and mergers. The number of United States Banks fell by 12% between December 2006 and December 2010. During that same period, U.S. deposits held by the 10 largest banks rose from...
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...Malaise.7 December 2008 | | | | In this paper I will address the definition of a “housing bubble”, discuss subprime lending and why many believe that it is the single biggest contributor to the current economic state. A housing bubble, references real estate markets specifically. It is a type of economic bubble that occurs periodically in local or global real estate markets which is characterized by rapid increases in valuations of real property such as housing, until they reach unsustainable levels relative to income and other economic elements. These bubbles can occur in local and/or global markets. The recent US housing bubble, which peaked in early 2005, some of the major areas that were affected were California, Florida, the Northeast corridor and the Southwest markets. (Wikipedia) It is thought that the major contributor to this bubble was the subprime lending market. According to the financial dictionary, subprime lending occurs when lenders make loans to borrowers who would not ordinarily qualify for credit if customary underwriting practices were to apply. These loans tend to carry higher interest rates than those offered to creditworthy clients. These loans also sometimes assess additional fees such as pre-payment penalties. (The Financial Dictionary) According to the Housing and Urban Development, during the period when the “housing bubble” was developing the number of subprime loans drastically increase and were distributed at a disproportionate...
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...auctions are a great opportunity today. a. You are able to get properties in a tax deed for ten cent on the dollar. b. As Robert Klyosaki said – “Real estate investing, even on a very small scale, remains a tried and true means of building and individual’s cash flow and wealth. c. By buying properties at the tax deed auction you are helping out the government. II. The best part of doing tax deed auctions in Florida is, most of the reach is free and can be done from home. a. To look up when the auction is all you have to https://www.miamidade.realforeclose.com/index.cfm?zaction=USER&zmethod=CALENDAR [A lot of people mistake tax deed auctions with foreclosures, granted you ae able to get properties for less than what they are worth. However when it comes to foreclosures you can end up paying on the average in the hundreds of thousands.] Body I. You are able to get properties in a tax deed for ten cent on the dollar. a. The reason you are able to actually buy properties at 10 cent on the dollar is because, Florida is one of the few states that sell properties for the taxes owed on them to the government. b. On July 14 of this year a $335,999.00 valued house in...
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...Why Renting in Today’s Economy is better than Buying a House Matt Harrell COM/156 November 7, 2010 Karen Campbell Why Renting in Today’s Economy is better than Buying a House Foreclosure crisis is at an all time high across most large metropolitan areas in the United States. Seattle- Tacoma- Bellevue metro area registered the sharpest annual increase, 71% or one in every 129 households received a foreclosure notice. California, Nevada, Florida, and Arizona remain the hotspots for foreclosure across the nation according to RealtyTrack Incorporated Rick Sharga a senior vice president at RealtyTrack quoted “The epidemic is spreading from the states at the ground zero of the foreclosure problems out into areas that had not been previously affected.” One of the latest signs that the foreclosure crisis is worsening across the nation is, high unemployment, slow job growth, and homeowners are uncertain about falling home prices. Concerning housing, he or she has options. He or she has an option to rent and an option to buy. Renting an apartment is a better option than buying a house both renting and buying has many advantages and disadvantages. By explaining these advantages and disadvantages, I will persuade him or her into renting over buying. While renting he or she can save money, instead of spending money. “A survey conducted by Harris Interactive for the National Apartment Association in May 2010 found that 76% of those surveyed now believe that renting is a better...
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.... 1 Introduction The real estate market, like other markets, is subject to the pressure of supply and demand. When speculation runs wild, prices can inflate rapidly. This is a "housing bubble." The danger in this situation is that the market will not be capable of sustaining the inflated prices, so the value of properties begins to come down, sometimes rapidly. Definition of a Housing Bubble * A "housing bubble" is a cyclical economic event where high trade volumes inflate prices, which ultimately become unsustainable, causing a lowering, or "crash" in values. Economic bubbles may be called by a variety of terms, including a speculative bubble, a market bubble or a balloon. Economic cycles of this nature are not exclusive to real estate. They have occurred throughout history in a variety of markets, including stocks, tulips and pottery. Contributing Factors to Unstable Housing Conditions * It could be argued that a housing bubble is really an example of a credit bubble. Although real estate is the underlying commodity, most house buyers use credit -- in the form of a mortgage -- to secure the property. Lax lending guidelines, rapidly inflating values, speculative buyers and the use of adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs), which can adjust to higher rates, are all factors in accelerating the likelihood of borrowers defaulting...
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...In 2006 the worlds total economic output was around $47 trillion Total value of the stock and bond market was $119 trillion Derivatives $473 trillion The world is connected through the stock market with London at it’s center not only geographically but time wise Globalization has vulnerability to financial shocks and political forces Big and Painful crisis West caught up in full blown because of mortgage lending we wanted to export to the rest of the world Americans there is no place like home we take the universal priveledge to own a home for granted Before the 1930’s no more than 2/5 of American households were owner occupied; however, it was born out of an American financial crisis. During the Great Depression in 1929 everyone stuggled to pay rent and mortgages. The greatest hurt was in Detroit the auto industry was cut in half as well as the wages. On March 7, 1932, 5,000 workers that were laid off marched to the factory to demand unemployment relief. Unarmed crowd in deerborn police officers reached out and fired into the crowd 5 workers were killed. A few days later 60,000 people were honoring them at their funeral. A communist newspaper accused henry ford’s son of leading a massacre Diego rivera mural showing Detroit as a sign of cooperation not class conflict was a lifelong communist 1933 seen as travesty The new deal is what began to reunite the us pioneered the idea of a property owning democracy Gov rigged housing market to give incentives...
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...INTRODUCTION TO THE CRISIS .…………………………………...p.4 3. THE FINANCIAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE CAUSES. ………………...p.5 4. CONSEQUENCES 4.1. FINANCIAL MARKETS 4.1.1. 2007 ………………………………………………………….p.9 4.1.2. 2008 ………………………………………………………….p.11 4.2. CONSTRUCTIVE BUBBLE ……………………………………...p.12 5. GOVERNMENT INTERVENCION ON… 5.1. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FEDERAL RESERVE AND CENTRAL BANKS ………………..p.19 5.1.2. EMERGENCY ECONOMIC STABILIZATION ACT …....p.21 5.1.3 BAYLOUTS AND FAILURES ……………………………...p.24 5.2. HOMEOWNERS 5.2.1. HOMEOWNERS ASSISTANCE ……………………….....p.26 5.2.2. THE HOMEOWNER AFFORDABILITY AND STABILITY PLAN ……………………………………………….....p.29. 6. INTERVIEW WITH RICARD FERNANDEZ…………………………..p.31 CONCLUSIONS…………………………………………………………….p.35 AUTOAVALUATION………………………………………………………..p.36 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES INFORMATION…………………….p.37 1.INTRODUCTION My initial intentions were to elaborate a research project with the objective of comparing the financial crisis in USA and Spain that were and are going through. I was planning on finding all the similarities and differences that were most important or characteristic. When I was half way on the research, I realized how extent the information was, so I reduced to the financial and banking part, and the construction bubble. I did this because I thought they were the most important or interesting (for me) subjects. Finally, I changed it so that I would only work on the financial crisis in the United...
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...Community Health Nursing Assessment Western Governors University Community Health Nursing Assessment A1. Community Description Hernando County is located in west central Florida. The county was officially established on February 27, 1843. It was created from portions of Alachua, Hillsborough and Orange Counties and centered between Citrus County to the north and Pasco County to the south. Its county seat is Brooksville and its largest community is unincorporated Spring Hill. According to “Hernando County History” 2010, the county has a total area of 589.08 square miles, of which 478.31 square miles is land and 110.77 square miles is water. Hernando County is a relative small community but is known for its wild life and national parks. Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge is a National protected area of Hernando, and Weeki Wachee Springs (home of the mermaids) along with Withlacoochee State Forest are State protected areas. The county is known best for its nature preserves and is called the Nature Coast of Florida. This community has a census of 173,000 people, 93,425 households, and 79,575 families residing in this community (U.S. Census Bureau, August 16, 2009). The racial makeup of the community is 92.85% white, 4.07% black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, and 0.98% from other races. It is also estimated that out of the 55,425 households...
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...Recession affecting the US. Introduction In 1929s, a global depression hit countries with market economies. Despite the fact that the Great Depression was moderately gentle in some nations, it had very severe effects on others, especially the America. In the United States, the great depression went down in history as one of the worst economic crisis, which left a deep-seated situation, leading to joblessness, starvation and homelessness for over a decade in the US. The Great Depression in America also led a great global depression, as typically each industrialized economy including Germany, Italy, Japan, Britain, France, and others, was completely destructed. Various economists and the media have often linked the current economic crisis that heightened in 2008 to the great depression which occurred decades ago. Looking at the implications of the great depression and what is happening today, clearly there are several direct similarities between the two economic crises. Through a brief analysis of the two economic scenarios, this paper hence aims to show how they are related. What are the similarities with the current financial crisis? Some of the similarities between today’s economic situation and the Great Depression of 1920s include: High rates of unemployment- Economic forces are the main causes of unemployment in most countries today. Deteriorating economic conditions such as recession and depression affects the business, thus forcing them to reduce the size their workforce(Helbling...
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...UNDERSTANDING THE SUBPRIME LENDING The term "subprime" refers to the credit status of the borrower, which is being less than ideal. Subprime lending is a general term that refers to the practice of making loans to borrowers who do not qualify for the best market interest rates because of their deficient credit history. According to the U.S. Department of Treasury guidelines issued in 2001, "Subprime borrowers typically have weakened credit histories that include payment delinquencies i.e. non-payment of the mortgage, and possibly more severe problems such as charge-offs, judgments, and bankruptcies. They may also display reduced repayment capacity as measured by credit scores, debt-to-income ratios, or other criteria that may encompass borrowers with incomplete credit histories." This is when the borrowers have a poor credit history that is they are bad borrowers. Subprime lending is also called B-Paper, near-prime, or second chance lending, as the borrowing is done to customers with a poor credit history or no credit history without any security in return of the money lending. Subprime lending encompasses a variety of credit instruments, including subprime mortgages, subprime car loans, and subprime credit cards, among others. A subprime loan is offered at a rate higher than A-paper loans due to the increased risk. Subprime lenders To access this increasing market, lenders often take on risks associated...
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... | | |Already seeing slowing in property sales (and 80% sales at TV are domestic) | | |International sales are currently declining (from 20%) - weakening US$ may encourage some | | |regrowth | | |Insurance premiums in hurricane prone districts have risen since Katrina and likely to continue | | |to rise | |Social |Ageing population in the US and traditional attractiveness of Florida as retirement destination | | |mean there is a growing population of potential buyers/visitors (however...
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...2 | Financial Subprime Mortgage Crisis Causes | 3 | Introduction & Background to the Situation of the Egyptian Economy prior to the Global Financial crisis | 10 | Financial Subprime Mortgage Crisis Impacts on Egypt | 13 | The Egyptian Economy & the crisis | 21 | The Conclusion & Solutions | 23 | The References | 27 | The Introduction In the second half of 2008, the world economy went through a serious financial upheaval that sparked off in the United States and spread to Europe and the rest of the world. The negative consequences of this financial crisis had bitten the Egyptian economy in many fields. Egypt’s growth rate witnessed setbacks and may have posted its slowest annual growth in half a decade in 2008–2009 as the global crisis hit revenue from tourism, migrant labor remittances, the Suez Canal, export revenues, and investment. The severity of the crisis and its uncertainties demonstrated the need for urgent action to restore financial stability, lead the economic recovery and secure a sustainable future for the country. This paper therefore critically discusses the current global financial crisis and its impact on Egypt. It presents an overview of the Egyptian economy prior to the crisis, followed by an assessment of the depth and impact of the crisis on sectors of the Egyptian economy. Additionally, the paper highlights the actions taken by the Egyptian government to weather the effects of the crisis and concludes with some policy recommendations...
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...“The Great Recession of 2007 - Housing slump” Dino J. Ramirez Economics Mr. Dan Botich 12/3/2012 In 2007, the new housing market fell by 26 percent which was the largest decline in almost 50 years. In this report I will discuss the rise and fall of the housing market, which has been considered by many economists the “worst housing crash in U.S. history.” I will also tell how and when the housing bubble began, what factors allowed it to continue and what finally caused it to “pop”. I will then explain what regions of the U.S. where affected the most along with what demographic groups were affected the most by the crash. The housing bubble began to grow when the housing market had steady growth from 1995 to 1999. In about 2000, there was the stock market crash and many investors that had money invested in the stock market began to worry about their money and wanted a better investment so the investors began to put their money in the housing market instead of the risky stock market. During this time there were plenty of cheap new loans available that was put in place (due to the stock market not doing well) in an attempt to help out the economy. The housing market was used to help get the economy back on track by creating wealth and providing an asset that people could borrow money from. There were many types of “creative” type loans such as: • Adjustable interest loans, which are interest-only mortgages, are for borrowers who have a good reason...
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...NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE FINANCIAL CRISIS AND THE POLICY RESPONSES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF WHAT WENT WRONG John B. Taylor Working Paper 14631 http://www.nber.org/papers/w14631 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 January 2009 I am grateful to John Cogan, Angelo Melino, John Murray, George Shultz and participants in the Global Markets Working Group for helpful comments and suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2009 by John B. Taylor. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Financial Crisis and the Policy Responses: An Empirical Analysis of What Went Wrong John B. Taylor NBER Working Paper No. 14631 January 2009 JEL No. E0,G01 ABSTRACT This paper is an empirical investigation of the role of government actions and interventions in the financial crisis that flared up in August 2007. It integrates and summarizes several ongoing empirical research projects with the aim of learning from past policy. The evidence is presented in a series of charts which are...
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