...Formal Evaluation Model June 30, 2016 CJA 385 Formal Evaluation Model Policy making in criminal justice can be broken down into two main focal points; monitoring and evaluation. During the monitoring phase, this is where factual information about policy goals are monitored. During the evaluation phase, this is where the question arises; did the monitoring phase address the potential outcome of the intended objective? In criminal justice, the formal evaluation model would benefit these types of policies. This paper will summarize the formal evaluation model and explain why it is the most effective evaluation process in criminal justice. This paper will also look at a policy involved with criminal justice and provide reasoning why the formal evaluation process is more practical than the pseudoevaluation and decision-theoretic evaluation. According to Willam Dunn (2012), Formal evaluation is an approach that uses descriptive methods to produce reliable and valid information about policy outcomes but evaluates such outcomes on the basis of policy-program objectives that have been formally announced by policy makers and program administrators. During this type of evaluation the goals and objectives are measurable values, meaning they contain specific and realistic information gathered during the monitoring phase. In criminal justice the formal evaluation process is vital because the effectiveness and efficiency of policy outcomes are defined by legislation, various...
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...about the criminal justices system from the media. But how true are these images of justice? Developing the criminal justice system Introduction--London Metropolitan Police was the first police agency and was developed in 1829. The first police agencies in the United States were in Boston (1838), New York (1844); and Philadelphia (1854). Criminal justice system was first recognized in 1919, by the Chicago crime commission. The modern era of justice Modern era of justice can be traced to a series of research projects begun in the 1950 under the sponsorship of the American Bar Foundation. Federal involvement in criminal justice President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice was appointed by President Johnson in 1967. Passage of the Safe Streets and Crime Control Act of 1968 Helped launch massive campaign to restructure criminal justice system Provided funding for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) The contemporary criminal justice system Introduction—The criminal justice system is society’s instrument of social control. The contemporary criminal justice system in the United Sates is monumental in size. The system is massive because it must process and care for millions of people. The criminal justice system can be divided into three main components: law enforcement agencies, court system, and correctional system. The formal criminal justice process Introduction: Few cases are actually processed through the entire formal system...
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...the way in which each individual communicates is different and varies depending on the situation. There are two main forms of communication and those forms are verbal and nonverbal communication. When it comes to communication between two individuals there is a difference between what he or she listens to and what is actually heard during the conversation. When it comes to individuals within the criminal justice organization there is both the use of informal and formal channels of communication. An issue that normally arises when it comes to communication in criminal justice is that there are many different barriers that make communication difficult for some. However, there are strategies that can be used to help overcome the communication barriers that are faced in the criminal justice field. There are two forms of communication verbal communication and nonverbal communication. No matter which form of communication an individual is partaking in he or she has to go through a process that will enable the receiver of the message to understand what the message is. During the process an idea is transmitted and is sent by a medium which allows the other individual to receive and understand the message. Then the individual that received the message will respond to the sender of the message by providing feedback. The first step for an individual to send someone a message is that he or she has to put together the information that he or she wants to send to the receiver. Once the sender...
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...their Miranda rights, and inform supervisors that certain actions have occurred. In addition, oral skills are needed for officers to understand and transmit statements made by citizens, suspects, and superiors. Written communication skills are required for law officers to fill out various police reports, draft narrative summaries, and understand written policy directives. Written reports are the basis for recalling past events, and police officers rely on them daily when they testify in court. Communication can thus be defined as “a process involving several steps, among two or more persons, for the primary purpose of exchanging information.” Communication is a process, not an isolated event and it requires (1) transmitting an idea, (2) sending the idea through a medium, (3) receiving the message, (4) understanding the idea, and (5) providing feedback to the message sender. If a failure occurs during any of these five steps, the communication process becomes flawed, and information will not flow in a smooth, accurate manner. The first step is to gather several thoughts together in a cohesive thought and have the desire to express that thought, even though it may be better left unsaid. Something that falls in this step would be if a guy and his friend both signed up to become officers...
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...the process of effective communication. This paper will explain the differences between verbal and nonverbal communication, and the related components between them, the differences between listening and hearing in effective communication. This paper will also explain formal and informal channels of effective communication, the various barriers to effective communication, and methods applied to overcome communication barriers within the criminal justice organizations. Effective Communication The process of communication can be a difficult process, has many different barriers, forms, and components within it. There are three different forms of communication, which include verbal, nonverbal, and symbolic. These forms of communication are a process between two or more individuals. These individuals can be either the senders or receivers. There are also a number of components, with the primary purpose of exchanging information (Wallace and Roberson, 2009). These components include listening versus hearing and feedback, which is when the receivers respond to the senders. There are vast differences between listening and hearing within the communication process. Hearing can be defined as the physical element of listening to sound or noises, such as, hearing vehicles driving by, a gunshot, or dogs barking. Listening, however, has a more complex meaning. When one is listening, he or she is showing interest and is engaged in the conversation. Listening is an important process of effective...
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...Week 1 Assignment 1 Christina M. Pankonin Christina M. Pankonin CJA/304 May 15, 2013 Instructor Hal Reed Week 1 Assignment 1 Christina M. Pankonin A document published by the U.S. Navy states that communicating is essentially a mental maze to be mastered. To improve it we must become more aware of the proper paths to take and the dead ends to avoid. Poor communications is a waste of everyone’s time and energy and, in reality, there is no excuse for it. In this paper the author will: define the process of verbal and nonverbal communication, state some differences between listing and hearing in communication, explain what the formal and informal channels of communication is in the criminal justice organizations. Then the author will give examples of different barriers to effective communication in the criminal justice organizations and strategies to overcome such barriers (Wallace & Roberson, , 2009). The process of verbal and nonverbal communication and the associated components of each The definition of “communication” has concerned scholars since the time of ancient Greece. The authors of one text stated that at least 94 definitions of communication exist. English literary critic and author I.A. Richards in 1928 offered one of the first and in some ways still the best definitions of communication as a discrete aspect of human enterprise: “Communication takes place when one mind so acts upon its environment that another mind is influenced, and in that...
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...Effective Communication 1 Effective Communication Geraldine E. Burch-Mack CJA/304 Clark Nissen 09 Dec 13 Effective Communication 2 Communication in the Criminal Justices System This paper will describe the process of communication and its components, the differences between listening and hearing in communication, and the formal and informal channels of communication within criminal justice organizations. In addition, this paper will also describe the barriers to effective communication in criminal justice organizations and the strategies that may be implemented to overcome communication barriers. This paper will include different meanings, different processes, advantage, disadvantage and examples. The five topics will be describe in titled paragraphs and will address information about the topic only. This paper will give a better more clear understanding on how the communication process works and what is need to have a successful communication out come. Verbal Communication and Nonverbal Communication The process of verbal communication are, identifying that all languages have meaning, realizing that words and phrases have a different meaning to different people, knowing that everyone speaks a different way, distinguishing variations of spoken languages used within cultures, and trail ideas for effective verbal communication in the result to become more understanding and able to share. Language represents complexity, logic, and the ability to express ones feelings or thoughts...
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...Effective Communication | [Your Name]CJA 304January 12, 2015 | Communication is a process of exchanging thoughts, feelings and ideas using a common system of words, signs, behavior or symbols. It is a two way process where all parties must be able to comprehend what message is being sent otherwise the communication has become ineffective. Communication in a criminal justice organization is very important because without efficient communication many areas would fail to work properly. Those who work in the criminal justice field are faced with daily challenges. Effective communication is one of the biggest obstacles. The two areas of communication that law enforcement personnel must consider when trying to be successful in communicating are verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication is an act of conveying messages or ideas through the use of words coming from your mouth. Communicating in this manner can be done face to face or over a phone. At all levels of the criminal justice pyramid verbal communication is very important. For example, if a police officer comes into work and does not greet his coworkers respectfully it can throw off everyone else’s effort to work as a team. An officer communicates with many people from their superiors in the station, prosecutors in the courthouse to suspects in the street. A police officer has to be able to efficiently communicate with everyone but there may be barriers use as language or education....
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... Communication is something that we use on a daily basis to help us understand the world. Without the use of communication, we would not be able to understand the people around us. In order to understand communication it is very important to look at the different tools that make up communication. This paper will discuss process of verbal and nonverbal communication while also describing the associated components of each. In order to be an effective communicator, someone must learn how to and also to be able to know the difference between listening and hearing. Furthermore, formal and informal channels of communication within the criminal justice organization will be looked at, along with the different barriers to effective communication. Finally, strategies that may be implemented to overcome communication barriers in the criminal justice organization will be touched on. All of these components are key to learn, understand, and be an effective communicator in the criminal justice organization. Communication is a process of exchanging verbal and nonverbal messages in a continuous process. Some key components of communication are; context, sender/encoder, message, recipient/decoder, and feedback. Communication is always affected by the context. The context in which you approach someone is very key in any communication situation whether verbal or nonverbal. The context may be physical and/or social. Basically the sender chooses the message...
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...as well as understand what is being communicated to them. In this paper the author will be discussing some major points such as the process of verbal and nonverbal communication, differences between listening and hearing, formal and informal channels of communication associated with criminal justice, barriers in effective communication, and strategies that may be implemented to overcome those barriers. In order for people to communicate effectively there is a process that involves verbal and nonverbal communication. Within this process there are 5 steps that are followed. The first step is transmitting and idea. This is the forming of one or more thoughts. The expression of the idea is an intentional act put forth by the person with the formed idea. The second step is sending the idea through a medium. There are several different ways to send the message and they are as follows: orally, in writing, or by action. Sending a message that is written vs. orally can make a major difference in how it is understood. When sending a message orally the tone of one’s voice can dictate to another how the message should be taken. Thirdly is receiving the message. Receipt of a message is the most critical step in the communication process. If the message is not received then is simply cannot be acted upon. The final step in the communication process is understanding the idea. If the idea(s) cannot be understood by everyone that it is being conveyed to then it is of no use to anyone...
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...Crime Look at the different perspectives on the Criminal Justice System A. These are perspectives on formal Social Controls B. They Represent the differences between formal and informal Social Controls 1. Informal social controls a) Social Norms, Morals, and Values that define what is Right or Wrong 1) Basic Social Rules that we live our day to day lives by 2) They keep us from hurting or depriving each other 3) For Example: the "golden rule" a) "Do onto others as you would have them do onto you" b) Fear of social disapproval regulates our behavior 1) In society, those who break the law, even if they are not apprehended, are looked down upon c) Example: why do we wear clothes to class? 1) Is it because we will be arrested for indecent exposure if we do not? 2) Alternatively, is it because everyone will laugh at us if we do not? d) Norms, Morals, and values are Situationally defined 1) Each social group can define what it considers right and wrong a) If this was a class at a "clothing optional" campus, it wouldn't be a big deal if you didn't wear clothes to class 2. The Criminal Justice System and its Administration is our System of Formal Social Controls a) We have given the...
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...differences when her or she listens or hears during a conversation. In the criminal justice organization individuals use formal and informal channels within each department. Effective communication comes with different barriers that can affect the criminal justice organizations but there are different strategies that can help overcome the barriers. The process of verbal and nonverbal communication and the associated components of each People who are taking part in verbal and nonverbal communications each go through a process and apply a component that allows others to understand what is being said. When an individual communicates with verbal and nonverbal skills he or she goes through a process that transmits the idea, sends it by a medium, allows the individual to receive the message, understand the idea, and allows the individual to give feedback to who gave to whom the information was given from (Roberson & Wallace, p. 16, 2009). When individuals want to transmit an idea he or she “implies the information of one or several thoughts and the desire to express these ideas” (Roberson & Wallace, 2009, p. 16). Once an individual has thought of an idea he or she must send that idea by talking, writing, or showing what he or she was thinking (Roberson & Wallace, p. 16, 2009). According to Roberson and Wallace (2009), receiving an idea or message is an important part of the communication process because in order to be effective it has to be received so an individual can...
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...Verbal communication consists of written and spoken information. In the criminal justice setting, information is passed on through reports, memoranda, and directives. Non-verbal communication ensures the speaker to communicate what he or she is saying to the reader with a certain tone and body language; which depicts what the speaker is attempting to say. Within the criminal justice system, convictions, arrests and punishment can be assured through the proper body language of an officer when communicating to the judge or district attorney. The channel of communication is brought forth in the criminal justice agencies through formal and informal communication. Upon following the chain of command; which includes policies and procedures is part of the formal communication. These procedures are considered to channel from the top of the agency to the downward structure of the agency. For instance the chief of police many dictate a new police to the officers which needs to be instituted. The downward communication happens within officers’ instituting the policy via their practice as actual officers. Officers replying back to the agency whether it is by memoranda, reports, departmental meetings, suggest systems, and exit interviews are considered within the upward communication process. Horizontal communication occurs between officers as they discuss entry-level information concerning policies and concerns through email, personal contact, memo Orinda and meetings. Informal...
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...Effective Communication Shelly Alexander CJA/304 February 10, 2014 Jeffery Pomerantz Abstract The following information will include: the process of verbal and non-verbal communication with each of the associated components. The difference between hearing and listening in communication. How formal and informal channels of communication differ in criminal justice organizations. How different barriers lessen effective communication in criminal justice organizations. Ways to prevent barriers in the criminal justice organization by using different strategies. Effective Communication Communication is a process involving several steps; the goal is to transfer an idea between two or more people for the primary purpose of exchanging information. Communicating is essentially a mental exercise that an individual in law enforcement needs to be become proficient in sending and receiving. Communication in criminal justice organizations entails verbal and non-verbal, within the agency as well as outside in the community. Both forms of communication are critical to a well-functioning law enforcement agency. Verbal communication relies on language and a person’s emotion to send the desired message to other people. “It starts when officers greet one another before roll call and continues through roll call and out onto the streets” (Wallace & Roberson 2009). Officers must know how to communicate with people in the community, other officers, and their superiors...
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...their weekend. This communication then leads to when you’re an adult the better communication a person posses will better help them gain closeness to their children friends, parents and also colleagues. In the criminal justice felid communication is a big factor because, the criminal process starts with the arresting a criminal defendant and most of the time ends with the release of the inmate after a jail sentence. All communication made to the arresting officer, the defense attorney, the prosecuting attorney and the judge can impact and affect the outcome of the case. Written, verbal and non-verbal communication can be equally damaging. “Effective communication can only occur when each person is interested in hearing what the other is saying. Both people have to make the effort to be good listeners. This requires patience, respect, and courtesy. Productive interaction takes intention and effort on the part of everyone involved”. (Golden, 2009) Communication Communication falls under a few categories, there is informal communication, formal communication and also verbal and non verbal communication, formal and informal channels of communication can be easily read and interpreted within an organization. The criminal justice system includes courts, police, and corrections....
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