...incorporated three separate moments from Mathews gospel in one scene. Tax collectors request, peter catching a fish in lake Genezaret, as well as collecting coin which is shown both on the left and the right. This artwork is famous for the detail it shows in the painting. See the details in the transparency of the lake, or the mouth of the fish that peter caught. These figures are set according to the horizontal lines even though this painting is semicircular as well it is the start to adding depth and lines to create space. 3 [pic] This Fresco painted by Fra Angelico in 1438-1445 titled The Annunciation was showing Mary and the angle are greeting each other. In the background there are Tuscan cypresses which were very common in Fra Angelico paintings. There are also these black lines between each arch, it is unknown to why these are there but it does demonstrate Fra Angelico's control with using linear perspective in this painting to make it look 3D. The use of shadows on the ceiling of the arches also help to draw your eye to the light portion of the painting which...
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...The halo was incorporated into Christian art sometime in the 4th century[citation needed] with the earliest iconic images of Christ, initially the only figure shown with one (together with his symbol, the Lamb of God). Initially the halo was regarded by many as a representation of the Logos of Christ, his divine nature, and therefore in very early (before 500) depictions of Christ before his Baptism by John he tends not to be shown with a halo, it being a matter of debate whether his Logos was innate from birth (the Orthodox view), or acquired at Baptism (the Nestorian view). At this period he is also shown as a child or youth in Baptisms, though this may be a hieratic rather than age-related representation [20] Nativity and Transfiguration of Christ, with cross haloes; the apostles, angels and prophets have plain ones. (1025-50, Cologne). A cruciform halo, that is to say a cross within, or extending beyond, a halo is used to represent the persons of the Holy Trinity, especially Jesus, and especially in medieval art. In Byzantine and Orthodox images, inside each of the bars of the cross in Christ's halo is one of the Greek letters Ο Ω Ν, making up ὁ ὢν — "ho ōn", literally, "the Existing One" — indicating the divinity of Jesus.[21] At least in later Orthodox images, each bar of this cross is composed of three lines, symbolising the dogmas of the Trinity, the oneness of God and the two natures of Christ. In mosaics in Santa Maria Maggiore (432-40) the juvenile Christ has...
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...Fra Angelico was both a Dominican friar as well as a talented painter. His most famous frescoes can be found in the monastery of San Marco throughout the small rooms. A very popular piece that all the monks would see everytime they walked up the stairs to their sleeping chambers was Fra Angelico’s The Annunciation. There are only two figures in this painting, which lacks all the other symbols that are usually included in an Annunciation piece. On the left is the angel Gabriel, who has come to Mary to deliver the message that she will be the mother of Jesus. The angel is wearing a simple pink robe, but has a pair of beautiful, colorful wings. Mary can be seen on the right side of the painting in the same colors that monks were painted in, sitting...
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... The newly developed taxation system came to be in 1427, in which there was a crisis of Florence’s wars with Milan. The Catasto became a tax system that was well-advanced over many other states during this time period. Elio Conti, a scholar, describes the Catasto as “a source of extraordinary richness and modernity.” Despite the changes in the wealth of Florence and financial experiments, the flourishing of arts and culture remained consistent throughout Renaissance Florence. This is largely due to the patronage of arts by wealthy families, like the Medici. Giovanni de’ Medici commissioned many works from artists like Masaccio and Brunelleschi. His successor, Cosimo the Elder, supported and commissioned the artists Donatello and Fra Angelico. Architecture may have been prosperous as well because wealthy families seeking to display their status often times payed for and sponsored beautiful chapels and other buildings to flaunt their power. The spread of Christianity through trade routes, merchants, and missionaries and its adoption as the Roman Empire’s official state religion in 380 CE was seen through Florence’s frescos, paintings, and mosaics that depict religious scenes. There was also a heavy emphasis on the construction of cathedrals and churches. Crusaders brought back exotic goods such as spices and luxury cloths, which led to higher demand in western Europe. Italy flourished from new trade contacts in the East, leading to the growth of towns and cities. Kings...
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...The Courtauld Gallery The art collection at the Institute was begun by its founder, Samuel Courtauld, who presented an extensive collection of mainly French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings in 1932, which was enhanced by further gifts in the 1930s and a bequest in 1948. His collection included such masterworks as Manet's A Bar at the Folies-Bergère and a version of his Déjeuner sur l'Herbe, Renoir's La Loge, landscapes by Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro, a ballet scene by Edgar Degas and a group of eight major works by Cézanne. Other paintings include van Gogh's Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear and Peach Blossoms in the Crau, Gauguin's Nevermore and Te Rerioa, as well as important works by Seurat, Henri "Douanier" Rousseau, Toulouse-Lautrec and Modigliani. In total, the Gallery contains some 530 paintings and over 26,000 drawings and prints. Following the death of the eminent art critic Roger Fry in 1934, the Institute received his collection of 20th-century art. Further bequests were added after the World War II, most notably the collection of Old Master paintings assembled by Lord Lee. This included Cranach's Adam and Eve and a sketch in oils by Peter Paul Rubens for what is arguably his masterpiece, the Deposition altarpiece in Antwerp Cathedral. Sir Robert Witt was also an outstanding benefactor to the Courtauld and bequeathed his important collection of Old Master and British drawings in 1952. In 1966 Mark Gambier-Parry bequeathed the diverse collection of...
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...Madonna and Child with Book, circa 1502-1503 in Italy. It is important to understand the time period in which Raphael Sanzio completed this work because Raphael Sanzio's style of work definitely changed as he improved as an artist in his later years. The artist’s oil on panel painting, which is 21-3/4 by 15-3/4 inches, can be seen at the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, California. This painting was placed on one of the very back walls in the European fourteen to sixteen hundred era room in the Norton Simon Museum. The painting placed next Raphael Sanzio's, Madonna and Child with Book, is Lippi Filippino's, Saints Benedict and Apollonia, and Saints Paul and Frediano. The other artists surrounding this painting included artists such as Fra Angelico, Botticelli, and Jacopo Bassano, who were all European artists between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries as well. There several Madonna and Child paintings throughout the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, California, some with Angels and Saint John the Baptist, however this specific Madonna and Child with Book painted by Raphael Sanzio, especially caught my eye with the vibrant colors it exposes. The colors used on the other paintings surrounding this painting were not as exclusive and exciting to me, therefore, this painting was the very first painting that impressed me as I walked into the European fourteen to sixteen hundred century era room in the Norton Simon Museum. The label next to the Madonna and Child with Book, states...
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...gain the desired skill sets. Imitation eventually begets emulation through a natural inculcation of the expert's skills. Emulating the work of an accomplished artist provides a young artist with a base to develop individual skills. Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi) introduced linear perspective through The Holy Trinity on Tempera as a primary medium. Donatello sculpted Mary Magdalene on stone providing a reference that exemplified intricate detailing in art. Andrea Mantegna inspired the importance of detail to paintings through the altarpiece for the San Zeno in Verona using oil and panel. Andrea Brunelleschi studied Greco-Roman ruins to induce the Italian Renaissance through his work on The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Flore in Florence. Fra Angelico painted the Annunciation of Cortona in tempera on panel, a reference point for future frescos. Andrea del Verrocchio made the Bartolomeo Colleoni, regarded among the best...
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...the painter to the ultimate Creator. In the process of putting the brush to the canvas, one becomes God himself. God became man (in the form of Christ) so the action of painting is man becoming God. This can be extended to almost everything: in a world where everything is designed primarily to be useful and functional, we still decorate, paint and shape everyday objects so that they are more appealing to us[6]. We have very little that is purely beautiful and decorative- this could be a motive for adorning items or an excuse for artists to produce works of art that are solely gratuitous. For some, painting is a form of prayer, a way of getting closer to the Lord and expressing one’s relationship with Him[6]. The Renaissance painter Fra Angelico is well known for this. He painted three parts of the ceiling in the Cappella Nuova in the Orvieto Cathedral in Italy, entitled Christ in Glory, The Virgin Mary and The Apostles[7]. The cross is a key image in Christianity and artists often use it in their work as a symbol for God’s glory, creativity and, maybe more importantly, His love[7]. Ron DiCianni presents a striking image of the cross in his work Only the Cross[8]. He says, “Of all the symbols in this world, God used a cross to be the perfect representation of his love for us” (DiCianni, 2012)[8]. From this, one could say that the point of Christian art is to express one’s love for God in a way that singing hymns, attending Church and praying every day cannot entirely fulfil...
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...HUM312 Introduction to Art 3 credit hours FALL 2012 Switzerland Instructor: Instructor: Denis Ducatel Office location: Hotel Miramonte, BBA’s Lecturers Office,1st floor Work Phone: 021 966.48.48 Email: denis.ducatel@him.ch Office hours: Tuesday, Wednesday by appointment Texts/Course materials: T. Köster - 50 Artists You Should Know (Prestel Verlag) Other Resources Omniquest : main websites : artmovements.co.uk – witcomb.sbc.edu/ARTHlinks.html – ibiblio.org/wm/paint – wikipedia.org – historyguide.org – http://arthistory.about.com – http://wwar.com/artists – www.metmuseum.org/toah/ Other Resources Handouts : A Brief Survey of Western Art – Understanding a work of Art – Glossary of Art Movements – «Beauty will save the world» (Nobel Price Speech – Soljenitsyne), Letters to A Young Poet (Rainer Maria Rilke) The Expressionists , Wolf Dieter Dube, Thames & Hudson (London, 1972). Great Paintings that Changed the World (Prestel) Course description: This course is meant to lead the students to a personal appreciation of Art. It offers a survey of visual media (painting, sculpture, architecture)), past and present, with particular emphasis on Impressionism, Post impressionism and Expressionism and on the philosophical rift between classical (academic) art and modern art. Technique as well as theory is discussed Goals and Objectives: By the end of this course, Northwood wants students...
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...the work by 1456. The original number of the scenes is not known but forty-seven exquisite images survive, nearly all of them in the museum at Chantilly. In these small but beautifully controlled compositions Fouquet again brings together two traditions from outside France. The colorful elegance of Fouquet's scenes develops the tradition of the miniatures of northern Burgundy and of the Limburg brothers, masters of the International Gothic style. But in other elements - his use of the motifs of classical architecture, his interest in perspective, and the rounded solidity of his figures and of their spatial relationships - Fouquet reveals the influence of what he has his seen in Renaissance Italy, such as the work recently completed by Fra Angelico in Florence. A link with Italy remains a central characteristic in the next great period of French painting, the 17th century. FRENCH CLASSICISM: 17TH CENTURY Three painters, born in France within a span of seven years from 1593, are profoundly influenced by the traditions of ancient and modern Rome. They transform them into a classicism which is unmistakably French. The oldest of the three is Georges de la Tour, who uses as his main stylistic device the strong contrast between light and shade pioneered by Caravaggio. He takes this to far greater lengths than his predecessor, often limiting the source of light in his paintings to a single candle. The result is a startlingly beautiful severity, with simple outlines of light picking out...
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...“ Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci” Writer, Mathematician, Inventor, Artist (1452–1519) Born on April 15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy, Leonardo da Vinci was concerned with the laws of science and nature, which greatly informed his work as a painter, sculptor, inventor and draftsmen. His ideas and body of work—which includes "Virgin of the Rocks," "The Last Supper," "Leda and the Swan" and "Mona Lisa"—have influenced countless artists and made da Vinci a leading light of the Italian Renaissance.Born out of wedlock, the love child of a respected notary and a young peasant woman, he was raised by his father, Ser Piero, and his stepmothers. At the age of 14, da Vinci began apprenticing with the artist Verrocchio. For six years, he learned a wide breadth of technical skills, including metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing and sculpting. By the age of 20, he had qualified as a master artist in the Guild of Saint Luke and established his own workshop.Florentine court records show that da Vinci was charged with and acquitted of sodomy at the age of 22, and for two years, his whereabouts went entirely undocumented. The Last Supper (Italian: Il Cenacolo or L'Ultima Cena) is a late 15th-century fresco painting by Leonardo da Vinci in the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan. It is one of the world's most famous paintings, and one of the most studied, scrutinized, and satirized.[1]The work is presumed to have been commenced around 1495 and was commissioned...
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...Christianity- The Largest Religion PREFACE “Universal Online Solutions”, presents a series of short articles on different religions. A Jew might contain more information on the Judaism. Same could be predicted about the followers of other religions. Then why to compose an article on any religion? That is for the two major reasons: First, all people do not have sufficient information on their own faith. It needs a lot of research to know about a religion. Some people manage to spend the required time and do the needed research. Majority cannot or do not concentrate on the religion. They have the faith because their predecessors had the same. A Christian child follows Christianity without any persuasion. This series will give the major information to its followers which they never struggled to obtain. The article will provide them all the necessary information about their faith in a concise nutshell. Efforts have been made, after extensive research work, to establish the basics of a faith, its worships, prayers, rituals, its history and all interrelated information in one thousand words or so. We have spent weeks in research to introduce this faith to our readers in its fullest context, enabling them to know all about their faith in a few minutes. Second, the individuals who are interested to know about other religions; but refrain to go through scriptures and revelations. This concise article will be of great interest to them. The article is neither a critical...
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...The Medici Family operated on the most influential commercial organizations of the Renaissance period (Roover, 1966). According to Heldon (1995) the Medici Family started out as part of the patrician class, not nobility and was seen by most as friends to the common people. The Medici’s would eventually become Dukes of Tuscany and are credited by historians as the first family to set up an empire with money, while previous empires were created with the use of military force (Kim, 2005). The Medici Family history and the enormous impact it had on Italian history is archived in the Archive di Stato in Florence (Roover, 1966). The Medici Family combined banking and commerce to generate great wealth and acclaim (Heldon, 1995). The Medici Family was at the centre of the banking universe (“The Economist,” 1999). The Economist (1999) explains how this banking family provided services to four popes and two queens for over 400 years. The Medici Family Bank was considered the most powerful financial institute in all of the early 15th century Europe. The first Medici Bank was set up by Giovanni di Bicci de Medici in 1392 (“The Economist, 1999). However, due to the depression and the aggression of the French, the Medici Bank eventually failed (‘The Economist,” 1999). The Economist (1999) explains that although the Medici Family were not considered great innovators, they did keep great banking records. The Medici’s were able to take advantage of new techniques they developed to...
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...Florence in the Renaissance was the home of a galaxy of men of talent and genius who find no parallel in history except in ancient Athens. A sketch of the history of the city cannot "explain" the presence of so many outstanding individuals nothing can do that. It can only present some idea of the conditions in which they flourished. From at least as far back as the eleventh century we can discern some features of Florentine history that were to remain fairly constant. The governing class at this time consisting of small nobles and rich merchants was divided by bitter conflicts among its members; the city was expanding into the surrounding countryside, and it was coming into conflict, economic and military, with neighboring cities. The struggle with Pisa was to last for centuries. Until 1250, when the last great medieval emperor, Frederick II, died, Florence had to struggle against the attempts of emperors to assert lordship over the city. That none of these struggles prevented Florence from prospering is shown by the coinage in 1252 of the gold florin, which became a medium of international exchange, like the Venetian ducat already mentioned, because of the consistency and reliability of its gold content. The Florentine coin may not be the earliest gold coin created in this period; at about the same time, and perhaps a little earlier, Genoa began issuing its first gold coins. In the next century, the example was followed not only by other Italian cities but by the states of Europe...
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...1. Compositional Theories of Art Composition: An orderlyarrangement of elements using the principles of design. 2. Rule of Thirds Imagine a grid that splits the frame into thirds both vertically and horizontally. Place the subject along those gridlines. The intersections of the lines are especially compelling places to position your subject.The Biglen Brothers Racing (1873) Thomas Eakins 3. Rule of Thirds Imagine a grid that splits the frame into thirds both vertically and horizontally. Place the subject along those gridlines. The intersections of the lines are especially compelling places to position your subject.The Biglen Brothers Racing (1873) Thomas Eakins 4. The GoldenRectangleBased on theGolden Ratio,aka the DivineProportion, amathematicallydevelopedformula,observed oftenin nature andapplied toarchitecture andin art. 5. The Mona Lisa (1503-1519) Leonardo da Vinci 6. The Rule of Odds Having an odd number of things in a composition means your eye and brain cant pair them up or group them easily. Theres somehow always one thing left over, which keeps your eyes moving across the composition.Portrait of Charles I, King of England (1635-1636) Anthony van Dyck 7. Leading Lines Lines that guide a viewer’s eyes around, or through, the artwork are called leading lines.Provencher’s Mill at Moret (1883) Alfred Sisley 8. Strong Diagonal A strong diagonal is a form of a leading line. It can transform a boring composition into a dynamic one.Portrait of Dr....
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