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Frankenstein Loss

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Frankenstein Notes

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Some Interesting Points

* There is a chilling logic in the creature's arguments. Why should he not respond in kind to the way that he has been treated by both his maker, who should have cared for him and looked after him, and by mankind as a whole? If the creature is inhuman, it is only because he is imitating the inhumanity of the human species. Therefore, I think that the novel presents Victor as being more inhuman.

* Victor is alien in his society in the way that he removes himself from others, for example when he goes about creating the daemon/creation. Victor is very secretive and seems to like it that way... he doesn't really try to understand people like the creation does.
The creation tries again and again to belong in the community, its his greatest desire. With Victor, on the other hand, there seems to be a gulf between him and the rest of society.

* Justine’s trial testifies to the inhumanity of man. What is important to note is the way this links in to a vital theme of the novel, which is the presentation of the creature himself. He starts off innocent and wanting a relationship with his maker. It is the way that he is shunned by his maker and by humanity and treated cruelly that forces him into cruelty, but this cruelty is only paralleled by the monstrous nature of humanity as displayed in incidents such as the trial of Justine. We cannot expect the creature to be good when he has no model of goodness on which he can base his behaviour.

* Frankenstein's lack of personal responsibility lead to tragedy?
1. Victor's decision to make the monster and then doing nothing to take care of him demonstrates his selfishness and unwillingness to accept that what he does has consequences not just for him but also for many others. He creates the monster to bring himself glory, and during the process thinks nothing of those souls' whose corpses he descecrates or what he should do to help this new "human being" that he will unleash on the world.
2. When Victor realizes that his creation has brought destruction to his family and town through the murder of William and false arrest of Justine, he cowardly comforts Justine but is unwilling to take responsibility publicly for William's murder (by telling about the monster). He thinks that others will think he is crazy; so he selfishly allows Justine to be executed.

Key Quotes:
Chapter 2
(Victor) “The birth of that passion which afterwards ruled my destiny” – foreshadows his fate creates suspense.
(Victor) “Fervent longing to penetrate the secrets of nature” - trying to break boundaries, delve into the unknown

Chapter 4
(Victor) “Darkness had no effect upon my fancy” – Victor almost makes himself monstrous
(Victor) “I should pour a torrent of light into our dark world” - Like Prometheus he steals a secret from heaven, and will be terribly punished for his blasphemous presumption.
(Victor) “A new species would bless me as its creator and source”

Chapter 5
(Victor) “It was on a dreary night of November, the rain pattered dismally, and my candle was nearly burnt out”
(Victor) “His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath”
(Victor) “One hand was stretched out” – Michelangelo’s Sistine painting, image of God and Adam.

Chapter 7
(Victor) “The thunder burst with a terrific crash over my head, vivid flashes of lightning dazzled my eyes, making the lake appear as a vast sheet of fire” – hellish and apocalyptic imagery

Chapter 8
(Victor) “Words cannot convey an idea of the heart-sickening despair that I endured” Gothic sublime& excessive emotion.

Chapter 9
(Setting) “The immense mountains and precipices that overhung me on every side...immense glaciers approached the road”

Chapter 11+ 12
(Creature) “I could distinguish nothing but feel pain invade me on all sides, I sat down and wept”
(Creature) “I had admired the perfect forms of my cottagers – their grace, beauty”

Chapter 15
(Creature) “I considered Satan as the fitter emblem of my condition; for often like him, when I viewed the bliss of my protectors, the bitter gall of envy rose within me”
(Old Man) “I am blind, and cannot judge of your countenance”

Chapter 16
(Creature) “Inflamed by pain, I vowed eternal hatred and vengeance to all mankind”

Chapter 17
(Creature) “I am malicious because I am miserable. Am I not shunned and hated by all mankind”

Chapter 20
(Creature) “You are my creator, but I am your master; - obey!”
(Creature) “I shall be with you on your wedding night”

Chapter 24
(Victor) “A grin was on the face of the monster; he seemed to jeer as with his fiendish finger he pointed towards the corpse of my wife”
(Victor) “I was cursed by some devil, and carried about with me my eternal hell”

Walton, in continuation
(Creature) “The fallen angel becomes a malignant devil”
(Creature) “For while I destroyed his hopes, I did not satisfy my own desires”

AO3 – Different Interpretations + links: * PERCY SHELLEY – the book’s aim is “to preserve the truth of the elementary principles of human nature” * Victor is similar to Faustus, a man eager for knowledge and experience – he made a deal with the devil. Faustus is saved by God, Victor isn’t he will perish without redemption.

* When the monster sees himself in the pool in Chapter 12, it is contrasts the self-admiration of the newly created Eve gazing at herself in a “clear smooth lake” in Paradise Lost Book 4. The monster realises he resembles both Adam, the first man created, and Satan in that he suffers agonies comparable to him.

* The corruption of society is indicated in the treatment of Safie’s father and there is some FEMINIST criticism in the treatment of women in Islamic countries.

* The monster is most likely to have been moved by The Sorrows of Water due to the situation of the tragic hero in the novel being similar to his own.

* Own interpretation = Mary Shelley has shown she is taking an old legend, and creating adaptations of them suitable to the modern world obvious links with The Bloody Chamber.

* Paradise Lost and Rime of the Ancient Mariner are both alluded to heavily. Both are poems involving a presumptuous defiance of God and the natural order. AO4 – Context: * Mary Shelley pulls her own experiences from childhood into the writing of Victor’s background, the topic of Chapter 1. Mary and Victor’s mothers share interest of visiting the poor – a theme in Mary Wollstonecraft’s life. Elizabeth’s and Mary’s mother died during childbirth.

* Victor is trying to rival God. Like Prometheus he steals a secret from heaven in order to “pour a torrent of light into our dark world”, but like Prometheus is punished for his blasphemous creation.

* -The Industrial Revolution > this allowed the impossible possible, technology and science was the boom of that period so it pretty much ties in with the concept of Frankenstein *
-Marry Shelly became pregnant numerous times but she also lost them too. Out of the four children she had, only one survived being her fourth and final one. *
-Shelley's mother = the first feminist (Mary Wollstonecraft). She died ten days after Mary Shelley was born, so Shelley pretty much lost a mother figure at a very young age *
-Romantic movement; spiritual reflection, emotions and nature = important * The modern reader is a great deal less likely to be frightened by it than a reader of 1818. AO2 –Form, Structure and Language: * LITERARY DEVICE = EPISTOLARY. – Gives the novel greater verisimilitude. Sense of realism = more terrifying, typical of the Gothic genre. * Combination of letters and chapters allows Mary Shelley to combine thrill of discovery (Walton) with a guilty man knowing what has happened (Victor)

* The FRAMING technique eases the reader into the story and adds a subplot which gives the story more richness and texture.

* Characters don’t really speak naturally – more speech-like. An example is the death-bed speech of Caroline, which is extraordinarily stylised. Adds dramatic effect to the narrative.

* PATHETIC FALLACY – In Chapter 5, it is a dismal night in November, a time appropriate in its miserable dreariness to the opening of the monster’s “dull yellow eye”. In Chapter 16, the weather both reflects and determines the creature's mental state: when the De Laceys abandon him, it is winter. The heavens pour rain and snow, and violent winds ravage the landscape: these natural phenomena serve as symbols for the fury that the creature intends to unleash upon the world. With the arrival of spring, he finds himself filled with joy and benevolence.

* Victor repeatedly addresses Walton, his immediate audience, reminding the reader of the frame narrative and of the multiple layers of storytellers and listeners. Structuring comments such as “I fear, my friend, that I shall render myself tedious by dwelling on these preliminary circumstances” both remind the reader of the target audience (Walton) and help indicate the relative importance of each passage.

* FORESHADOW - Ubiquitous throughout the novel. Even Walton’s letters prepare the way for the tragic events that Victor will recount. Victor constantly alludes to his imminent doom; for example, he calls his interest in natural philosophy “the genius that has regulated my fate”. Adds suspense.

* The SETTING and ATMOSPHERE sets the stage for Victor and his creation – we expect something to happen. Lightening has a recurring role – allowed Victor to gain an interest in science jumpstarted the creation of the creature now empowers the creature.

* At the honeymoon, the setting is also key because the storm signals that something evil is going to happen. The desolate environment of the Arctic is also a Gothic element.

* In the final chapter, Victor finishes his narration and Walton continues his story, recording the events in dated section. This allows Shelly to make the close more suspenseful, for we cannot be sure of the fate of Victor or the monster. The letters at the end close the FRAME of the novel. Walton’s version of the story is used to make it more believable; he gives validity by saying he has seen the monster and Victor’s letters.

* It is not accidental that the reader now learns the narrator's last name Frankenstein for the first time in Chapter 3. This serves to depersonalize him and to distance him from the reader, thus signifying the abyss of experimentation into which he will soon fall. Indeed, "Frankenstein" can be seen as a separate persona, the embodiment of the narrator's god/scientist self (as distinct from the culpable humanity represented by "Victor").

Walton functions as the conduit through which the reader hears the story of Victor and his monster. However, he also plays a role that parallels Victor’s in many ways. Like Victor, Walton is an explorer, chasing after that “country of eternal light”—unpossessed knowledge
Walton functions as the conduit through which the reader hears the story of Victor and his monster. However, he also plays a role that parallels Victor’s in many ways. Like Victor, Walton is an explorer, chasing after that “country of eternal light”—unpossessed knowledge

Walton

Walton

Walton is used to add validity to the novel.
Walton is used to add validity to the novel.

His early ambitions and quest for knowledge prefigures the tragic Victor.
His early ambitions and quest for knowledge prefigures the tragic Victor.

Romantic character. Expresses a sense of loneliness: “A man who could sympathise with me” similar to both the Monster and Victor.
Romantic character. Expresses a sense of loneliness: “A man who could sympathise with me” similar to both the Monster and Victor.

Resembles the creature in that he loves humanity, but feels he must hide from humanity because of his crimes, an inner turpitude which matches the outer ugliness of the monster.
Resembles the creature in that he loves humanity, but feels he must hide from humanity because of his crimes, an inner turpitude which matches the outer ugliness of the monster.

He represents the id, the part of the psyche governed by the instinctive impulses of sex and aggression.
He represents the id, the part of the psyche governed by the instinctive impulses of sex and aggression.
He is the unbridled ego who must satify his urge to know everything. His excesses ultimately destroy him.
He is the unbridled ego who must satify his urge to know everything. His excesses ultimately destroy him.

Victor

Victor

Victor changes over the course of the novel from an innocent youth fascinated by the prospects of science into a disillusioned, guilt-ridden man determined to destroy the fruits of his arrogant scientific endeavor.
Victor changes over the course of the novel from an innocent youth fascinated by the prospects of science into a disillusioned, guilt-ridden man determined to destroy the fruits of his arrogant scientific endeavor.
Victor is a modern scientist unleashed upon an unsuspecting society, who fails to be fully aware of consequences.
Victor is a modern scientist unleashed upon an unsuspecting society, who fails to be fully aware of consequences.

The monster represents the conscience created by Victor, the ego of Victor’s personality - the psyche that experiences the external world through senses.
The monster represents the conscience created by Victor, the ego of Victor’s personality - the psyche that experiences the external world through senses.

Finally, the monster becomes an agent of divine evil, a punisher for his father's crimes. He is Victor's Doppelganger, his ghostly twin, a dark alter-ego, a secret self, the id.
Finally, the monster becomes an agent of divine evil, a punisher for his father's crimes. He is Victor's Doppelganger, his ghostly twin, a dark alter-ego, a secret self, the id.

Monster

Monster
When he sees himself in the water mirror, he is repulsed by his own image. He is, therefore, a Satanic hero: cast out from his father's safe haven. As a result, he rebels against his father, out of prideful spite.
When he sees himself in the water mirror, he is repulsed by his own image. He is, therefore, a Satanic hero: cast out from his father's safe haven. As a result, he rebels against his father, out of prideful spite.

The Monster is a child, one who looks to others for guidance. He must learn to read and write. After he spies on the DeLacys and sees the inner workings of a family, he wants a bride, an Eve.
The Monster is a child, one who looks to others for guidance. He must learn to read and write. After he spies on the DeLacys and sees the inner workings of a family, he wants a bride, an Eve.

While Victor feels unmitigated hatred for his creation, the monster shows that he is not a purely evil being. The monster’s eloquent narration of events (as provided by Victor) reveals his remarkable sensitivity and benevolence.
While Victor feels unmitigated hatred for his creation, the monster shows that he is not a purely evil being. The monster’s eloquent narration of events (as provided by Victor) reveals his remarkable sensitivity and benevolence.

Elizabeth represents a character like Mary Shelley herself, by aiding the poor, respecting all classes, and coming to Justine’s assistance.
Elizabeth represents a character like Mary Shelley herself, by aiding the poor, respecting all classes, and coming to Justine’s assistance.

Elizabeth is happy and has a positive outlook on life. She is entirely innocent but his ruthlessly murdered due to the wrongdoings of Victor.
Elizabeth is happy and has a positive outlook on life. She is entirely innocent but his ruthlessly murdered due to the wrongdoings of Victor.

Elizabeth + Justine
Elizabeth + Justine

Justine's good heart lets her die condemned, but fearless. She is reassured by the fact that the people she holds most dear are sure of her innocence.
Justine's good heart lets her die condemned, but fearless. She is reassured by the fact that the people she holds most dear are sure of her innocence.

Because of all she endures, Justine is a sympathetic character who elicits a favourable response and empathy from the reader.
Because of all she endures, Justine is a sympathetic character who elicits a favourable response and empathy from the reader.

In-depth Analysis: LETTERS: * Theme = ALIENATION. Also present in ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ * Eerie feel of the Arctic (Gothic) contrasts the warmth Walton feels from meeting Victor and his desire for friendship (Romantic). Both setting and character juxtapose one another. * “Regarded with...evil forebodings” sets the tone. Seeks more knowledge than is good for him + aspires to be equal to God. – “An enthusiasm which elevates me to heaven”. CHAPTERS 1-5: Intro + creation of the monster * Grisly irony in Chapter 1’s last sentence – “the first cloud has entered the serene sky”. The picture that Victor draws of his childhood is an idyllic one. the reader senses, even in these early passages, that the stability and comfort of family are about to be exploded. Shining through Victor’s narration of a joyful childhood and an eccentric adolescence is a glimmer of the great tragedy that will soon overtake him. * Aware of Elizabeth’s fondness of mountain scenery in Chapter 2. Landscape is as important as character in the book.

* Victor wishes to “know the secrets of the heavens and earth” – prying into dark secrets. The narrator begins to pick apart and identify the aspects of his personality that will eventually lead to his downfall. He possesses what he calls a "thirst for knowledge."

* Victor disobeys his father when he tells him not to waste time on such ‘trash’. Similar to Walton who disobeyed his father’s dying wishes. Characters are so similar yet so different.

* In Chapter 3, Caroline dies from scarlet fever. First death of the story, build up of tensions. The pace quickens in Chapter 3 – Shelly has now outlined Victor’s background and can now present the horrors typical of the Gothic genre.

* Shelley ensures she disassociates her story from the superstitious, backward-looking terrors of most Gothic novels. It does include the theme of the SUPERNATURAL but this is in the form of something physically created and potentially possible, rather than ghosts etc. Victor explicitly denies he believes in supernatural horrors – “I am not recording the vision of a madman”. This is about the progress of science rather than superstitions.

* The creation of the monster in Chapter 4 is described so vaguely. This element of MYSTERY is an element of the Gothic.

* Victor becomes “capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter”. There is a fine line between good and evil purposes of knowledge. Victor thinks he is doing good “many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me” – gives an insight to Victor’s state of mind.

* Victor states how he “had been guilty of a crime”. He is instantly aware that his work on the monster is morally repugnant and that if any person knew of his work, the outside world would be repulsed of his creation. Victor's capacity for altruism and benevolence has been utterly destroyed by his obsession.

* In Chapter 5, the climax of horror is reached. He surprised that after all his desperate effort, his success should provoke only disgust and horror from himself – he calls it s “catastrophe”. There is a sense of initial PATHOS for the monster, as he is regarded to negatively by his creator almost instantly. The audience’s emotions are appealed to.

* Gothic Feature in Chapter 5 = GROTESQUE (description of the monster’s features), EERIE ENVIRONMENT (Victor’s lab. Would’ve been unfamiliar to Victorian readers), UNDEAD, PHYSIC COMMUNICATION (the monster can follow Victor) and finally the build up of FEAR in the reader.

* Monster described with juxtapositions. “Beautiful” yet “repulsive with his yellow skin”. The beauty alludes to the scientific breakthrough, whereas the grotesque appearance shows what it literally physically looks like. God’s creation of Adam contrasts Victor’s creation of the monster showing by trying to ‘play God’, Victor has messed up!

* Victor is shown as mentally deranged now, abandoning his creation straight away and then wondering the streets. The mention of Rime of the Ancient Mariner is important – Victor mirrors the Mariner, with its isolation and fear. However unlike the Mariner, Victor’s new knowledge brings a curse. The narrator's sentences become abbreviated, abrupt, indicating his nervous, paranoid state. – A02

* Whereas the first two chapters give the reader a mere sense of impending doom, these chapters depict Victor irrevocably on the way to tragedy. The creation of the monster is a grotesque act, far removed from the triumph of scientific knowledge for which Victor had hoped.

* Victor’s reaction to his creation initiates a haunting theme that persists throughout the novel—the sense that the monster is inescapable, ever present, liable to appear at any moment and wreak havoc.

CHAPTERS 6-10: Pain and despair for Victor * Victor uses nature to escape what he has done in Chapter 6. Clerval and Victor go to Persia and walking tour – Victor’s eyes are opened to the beauty of nature. The revified Victor feels “unbridled joy and hilarity”.

* Tale of Justine is important because it relates to how she endured poor treatment by her own family, being accused of deaths of many family members – respected by Frankenstein family though. Shelley also felt alienation from her family. IMPORTANT that she is introduced now, shortly before her death. Her inclusion is merely to be killed off – thus making the novel more dramatic.

* The happy ending at the end of Chapter 6 lures both Victor and the reader into a false sense of security letter from Alphonse informing Victor that William has been murdered. Victor is terrified by “nameless evils” – was sure the monster had died before, now not so sure. This sense of MYSTERY and PSYCHIC COMMUNICATION (monster finding William) are both Gothic elements.

* Powerful use of imagery in Chapter 7 – in nature. Thunder and lightning, fearsome and dazzling. “violent and powerful thunderstorm”. Power of nature with it comes the monster. Monster = evil part of nature. The lightning storm that greets Victor is a staple of Gothic narrative.

* “My own spirit let loose from the grave and forced to destroy all that was dear to me” – Victor makes the idea that the monster is his dreadful alter-ego explicit. It is an externalisation of part of Victor, determined to destroy all that is dear to him.

* Chapter 7 is a turning point in the novel as the monster has now real presence in the story – he is a threat to Victor rather than only being fixated in his mind. The monster is now asserting himself into Victor’s life. Mental physical.

* The account of William's death is written in highly disjointed language: the sentences are long and frequently interrupted by semicolons, as though each thought is spilling into another. This indicates the magnitude of the distress felt by the narrator's father as he writes. A02

* In Chapter 8, Justine’s trial is Shelly making a point about the criminal justice system of England in her time. Poor = accused (can relate to her mother working with the poor). Justine = similar to “Justice”, Victor calls it a “wretched mockery of justice”

* Justine expresses true remorse for William’s death and appear clam assures us of her innocence. Victor is suffering “living tortue” for the consequences. Despite being the most noble and innocent character in the book, she is punished by man showing the corruption.

* Victor regains a sense of mental anguish which is almost beyond the power to describe with words. “I cannot pretend to describe what I then felt”. Inadequacy of long and typical confessions is typical of Gothic novels, indicating a desire to explore extreme states of human experience.

* Horror is not merley physical in Chapter 8, it is MENTAL, and Victor cannot control it. He is the “true monster” who carries hell with him – “evil therefore became my good”.

* In Chapter 9, we see the dramatic effect that nature has upon Victor's well-being and state of mind. He praises nature for what he calls its sublimity. Nature, for Frankenstein, reveals the existence of an all-powerful god the very god whose works he attempted to improve upon and replace.

* Frankenstein, in his hypocrisy, longs to murder a being who owes its life to him. If the creature is, paradoxically, both inherently good and capable of evil, then his creator is as well.

CHAPTERS 11-16: The Monster’s narrative * The monster’s narrative forms the central part of the story, highlighting how the monster is the focal point of the gothic novel. His syntax, as he begins describing his early life, is almost painfully simple. He is as yet incapable of interpreting or analyzing the world and his perceptions of it. The creature's narrative voice is surprisingly gentle and utterly guileless.

* The monster’s story, like the monster itself contains elements which are both emotionally moving and and also grotesque.

* There is something odd about the De Lacy family – despite them living in impoverished circumstances, they are of noble blood. This mystery keeps both the reader and monster interested in the life of the family. Shelley wants us to know the family in their rustic charm.

* It is a strain on the story’s credibility that the De Lacy’s are astonished by the assistance from the monster but do not seek who is providing them with the materials.

* For the first time in Chapter 11, we see the monster as a maligned creature, worth of understanding – “felt sensations of a peculiar and overpowering nature”. The monster’s lament moves and compels readers. It gives the monster pathos. The reader feels pity and sorrow for the inhuman creature; the reader is privy to his thoughts, cares and concerns. Seeing the monster as a pitiable character deserves the reader’s empathy.

* In Chapter 13, the monster asks questions which serve his inquisitive instincts; questions which only through Victor can they be answered – “Where do I belong in the scheme of life, with men or among animals?” The monster realises he is different and does not fit into society, this terrifies him. He sees the love binding the family together and feels his loneliness with a new intensity and his exclusion from society brings further pain.

* The language of Chapter 13 is extremely baroque, and lends the landscape a romantic, unreal quality: skies are described as "cloudless"; there are "a thousand scents of delight, and a thousand sights of beauty”.

* Shelly explores how man is a paradox of contrasts: “man is so virtuous and magnificent, yet so viscious and base”. She is exploring the theme of good and evil present in all men – a theme and question which also props up in Paradise Lost.

* With the creature decrial of his own knowledge, he and Frankenstein become more closely allied in the reader's mind indeed, they are nearly indistinguishable. Both creator and creation are made outcasts by what they know; both long for nothing so passionately as they do their former innocence.

* The struggle between good and evil described in Paradise Lost is also an allegory for the struggle within each human being, and within the creature himself. At this point in the novel, warring impulses vie with one another for the creature's soul: will he behave as a man, or as a monster?

* After the reader undeniable feeling empathy for the monster in previous chapters, Chapter 16 once again paints him in a horrible light and brings out his dark side. He vows “eternal hatred and vengeance to all mankind” and states he can “too create desolation, my enemy is not invulnerable” after killing William. The monster has sexual envy – he wants a female companion. CHAPTERS 17-24: * Shelly doesn’t mention the monsters sexual needs although he wants a mate for companionship. The first letter written by Walton to his sister also mentions the desire for companionship. The creature often refers to Frankenstein as "you, my creator": this doubled form of address does not only serve to remind Victor of the responsibility he bears for giving the creature life; it is also a complimentary title that implores him for help.

* The monster seems to be the more reasonable of the two. He argues calmly and effectively that a female companion would assuage the most painful of the sorrows he is forced to endure, thus making him harmless and benevolent again.

* When Victor returns to his family at the end of Chapter 17, he is alienated from his family - they are alarmed by his “haggard and wild appearance”.

* Victor’s hymn if praise to Clerval is requiem for his friend but is also unfortunately also a work of suspense, foreshadowing his imminent death. The fact that he ends the chapter by speaking of Clerval in the past tense, as a mere memory, foreshadows the catastrophic consequences that this deception will have.

* In Chapter 19, the reader is unaware how Frankenstein finds the body parts in the practically uninhabited Orkney Islands – mystery.

* Frankenstein says that a "bolt" (as of lightning) has entered his soul. The reader cannot help but recall that the creature was brought to life by means of lightning: once again, Victor and his creature have become inextricably entangled.

* The monster sees the female creation being destroyed in front of him – “I will be with you on your wedding night”. Victor states the creation of the companion would’ve been “an act of the basest and most atrocious selfishness”, but surely killing it is more selfish?

* In Chapter 20, Victor's near-death at sea is strangely ironic: Frankenstein might have perished, thereby robbing the creature of his longed-for vengeance. Shelley suggests that Frankenstein's fate lies in his creation's hands: he will not be spared the final catastrophe.

* Mary Shelley seems to suggest that true terrors resides ot in mere grisly objects such as skeletons, but in the awful states of mental anguish and illness which we can bring upon ourselves.

* Victor tells his father in Chapter 22 that “William, Justine and Henry – they all died by my hands”, an emphasis on “my hands” and it was Victor’s hands who created the monster. Victor promises he will marry Elizabeth after telling his “tale of misery and terror” which foreshadows the events to come. By keeping the monster hidden, he is hiding his own monstrous deeds.

* By the end of Chapter 23, Victor is now indistinguishable from his creature: both are utterly bereft, loveless, and alone. Both are sustained only by their desire to revenge themselves upon the other. In their hatred for one another, they are more closely bound together than ever before.

* Victor says to the magistrate that the monster is still lurking around. The monster knows where Victor is at all times and Victor can sense when the monster is close. This is another mysterious Gothic element.

* Walton speaks of the damaged splendour of Victor in terms that resemble him to Milton’s overreacher in PL “The archangel ruined” – Book 1. Monster compares himself to Satan in final speech too.

* We even see Victor’s selfishness at the end. He wasn’t the crew to press on and find the monster whereas it is quite obvious this can lead to their death. Even whilst Victor is dying, it is hard for the audience to sympathise with him, even though Walton does.

* The novel ends on a bleak despairing note with the sad creature “lost in darkness and distance”. This can be considered both mentally and physically. He was always lost and distanced from the world, he was never really accepted. His mind was lost and he was unable to come to terms with the hatred that he faced.

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...In Chapter 24 of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein decides to leave Geneva and its painful memories after his entire family is destroyed. After searching for the monster for months, Victor eventually runs into Robert Walton and tells him his story. At this point of the novel, Walton regains control of the narrative and continues to send letters to his sister, Margaret. He begins to tell his sister that he asked Frankenstein how to create a monster and bring it to life. To that, Victor replied “are you mad, my friend . . . or whither does your senseless curiosity lead you? Would you also create for yourself and the world a demoniacal enemy? Peace, peace! Learn my miseries, and do not seek to increase your own.” Victor’s outburst raises the question of whether or not knowledge is dangerous. Knowledge is in fact dangerous when it is either broad, or far beyond our need in life. “Such words, you may imagine, strongly excited my curiosity; but...

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Victor's Loss Of Identity In Frankenstein

...All his life, he has struggled to make sense of what or who he is. Even when he first unintentionally kills William Frankenstein, he was happy; he was happy because he realized that he has the power to inflict the same pain that Victor inflicted on him not because he killed an innocent person. The fact that the creature does not have a name greatly contributes to his lack of self-awareness; he is often called “an ugly and monstrous creature”. The creature lives in a world full of people that all have one thing in common--a...

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Ode On A Grecian Urn By John Keats

...The connections between love and loss are significant, as the presence of one strengthens the impact of the other. Love can bring people unimaginable bliss at it’s high points, though with harder times, love can cause extreme heartache and distress. The fear or recognition of loss hurts people, as they attempt to strive for an unblemished state of bliss. The unwelcome devastation of loss continually hurts and helps, as it causes misery (in loss) and elation (in love). Loss strengthens love because it is supported by a backbone of dull fear. The loss of love is something that scares people into wanting to make the best of any happiness they have. In “Ode On A Grecian Urn” by John Keats, the effects of both love and loss are displayed. The poem...

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Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: a Psychological Representation of Her Fear of Childbirth

...HUMN 303 Week 7 Assignment Sheri A. Green DeVry University Professor Gessford August 23, 2014 Frankenstein, a novel first published in the year 1818, stands as the most talked about work of Mary Shelley’s literary career. She was just nineteen years old when she penned this novel, and throughout her lifetime she could not produce any other work that surpasses this novel in terms of creativity and vision. In this novel, Shelley found an outlet for her own intense sense of victimization, and her desperate struggle for love. Traumatized by her failed childbirth incidents, troubled childhood, and scandalous courtship, many of Shelley’s life experiences can be seen reflected in the novel. When discussing the character and development of the monster, Shelley launches an extensive discussion on the need for a proper environment and education for a child’s moral development. When we explore the novel in depth, we can see that it exudes the true horror of childbirth felt by Shelley, and articulates the fears and anxieties she had regarding her reproductive and nurturing capabilities. Shelley’s life was marked by a series of pregnancies, miscarriages, childbirths, and deaths. Her firsthand experience of a bereavement started early in her life, when her mother died when she was eleven days old, because of a puerperal fever contacted because of childbirth. This marked her first encounter with pregnancy and related complications, but unfortunately, it was not the last...

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Frankenstein Essay

...Prompt 2: Victor Frankenstein is more alienated than the monster he creates. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, written during the Romantic period, tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, whose hunger for knowledge of the scientific universe drives him to create a human monster. Throughout the novel, Frankenstein describes his experiences with the monster to Robert Walton as horrifying and frightening. Shelley successfully demonstrates the Romantic concept of focusing on the self through the nature of the monster and Frankenstein, as well as through nature itself. Though both the monster and Frankenstein elicit forms of isolation, Frankenstein’s memories and experiences with his family and decision in toying with science and nature proves him more alienated than the monster he creates. Frankenstein’s memories and experiences with his family prove him more alienated than the monster. When Frankenstein receives a letter from his cousin, Elizabeth, she writes: “My dearest Cousin, you have been ill, very ill, and even the constant letters of dear Kind Henry are not sufficient to reassure me on your account” (Shelley 48). Elizabeth expresses concern for Frankenstein’s health, giving him a sense of love and care. Because Frankenstein holds a special connection to Elizabeth, someone he loves dearly, the thought of losing her terrifies him. Frankenstein’s bond to Elizabeth makes the monster’s murdering of her overwhelming and horrifying...

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The Theme Of Illness In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

...In Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, the main character known as Victor Frankenstein falls ill many times throughout the story. Though most do not take notice to this, but each time Victor falls ill it “coincidentally” happens to be after a tragic event has occurred. Knowing that Victor does not do well under stress, it is safe to assume that the illnesses are due to being over worked and severely stressed, causing a shut down in the immune system, leaving the body vulnerable to contracting serious illnesses. Not only does it show the impact of the stress but it allows for an excuse to not have to face society and daily issues. Many cases when viewed together demonstrate this terrible trend. In society, many people use illnesses...

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Frankenstein at Best

...How could a Titan God mould mankind out of clay? This is something Prometheus was capable of; he was someone very similar to Victor Frankenstein. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is the story of a man, Victor, who is far more intelligent than others and fascinated with the creation of life. After much time, he creates his monster that rejected by Victor and society. From his rejection, he plans to get revenge on Victory and mankind alone. There are many thematic ideas that arise during this novel. However, the two main themes are risky knowledge and secrecy which makes the novel easier to identify with. The consequences of arrogance are portrayed through the intelligent person which is seen mostly through Victor who goes above and beyond what the average person. The value of technology and invention is obviously observed through Victor’s creation “the monster”. Lastly, the loss of relationships is a main issue that not only Victor experiences. In Frankenstein, there is much value still alive today through the issues of risky knowledge and secrecy which is revealed by arrogance of intelligence, value of technology, and loss of relationships. The issue of arrogance through the intelligentsia is developed in several places throughout the novel. Victor is most easily identified with this issue because of his starvation for knowledge which he satisfies at the University of Ingolstadt. “My departure was therefore fixed at an early date; but, before the day resolved upon could arrive...

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Examples Of Desire For Power In Frankenstein

...engagement of argument and desire for power over others are common themes in “Frankenstein”. One character that desired power throughout the novel was the monster. The monster first came into the world when Victor Frankenstein became obsessed with chemistry and anatomy and seeked to build a creature out of old body parts. He started working and ended the project with his ultimate goal: a self-made creature. This, however, seemed to be Victor’s most significant mistake of his life, as the action led to untimely consequences. From the time of his creation to the death of him, the monster made sure to draw attention in an effort to gain power. He also frees himself...

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Only the Lonely

...Only the Lonely Frankenstein is Mary Shelley's most notable piece of work, written when she was only eighteen years old. The novel explores the theme of loneliness and rejection. The monster created by Victor Frankenstein is rejected by human society because of his appearance. Mary Shelley explores the feelings of how the creature is utterly ignored and abused by the society. I believe the novel became a reflection of the inner state of Mary Shelly. It reflects sufferings and loses that occurred in the own authors life. As notes Anthony Badalamenti in his article Why did Mary Shelley Write Frankenstein: “She was also the product of her own past, suffering three successive losses in her early life that reveal why themes of being alone and abandoned run through the novel”(Badalamenti, 431). All these sad events and constant feeling of loneliness helped Mary to create a very deep and powerful character. Victor does not think about possible results of his experiments. He does not think what will happen when he finally succeeds and created a living creature. He is severely punished by his attitude when the creature created by him turns into a monster. Shelley illustrates that the guilt for murders can not be put only on Frankenstein's creation. Society and social norms finally result in the feeling of loneliness and estrangement. “The monster complains that his maker and mankind are moving his nature from goodness and benevolence to wrath and violence. He attempts the company of...

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Feminism In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

...Feminism within the Novel and the Creation of Frankenstein In “Frankenstein” by Mary Shelley, one can undoubtedly see how the female characters have less importance than the male characters. The reason these sex differences in status occurred because of the period that she wrote the novel. Shelley, during the first half of the nineteenth century, was writing in a time in which a woman “was conditioned to think she needed a man’s help” (Smith 275). In “Frankenstein”, Mary Shelley devotes three male characters to narrate the story, Victor Frankenstein, Robert Walton, and Frankenstein’s creation. No woman throughout the entire novel speaks directly as the three narrators do. Mary Shelley also constructs the story to follow the main character,...

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What Is The Maternal Archetype In Frankenstein

...imagery in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is clear, evident, pervasive. Yet, while the novel suffers no shortage of mother figures, Shelley’s interpretation of the maternal archetype in her seminal work is unique in its focus. The theme of the maternal finds itself in a paradox wherein its absence becomes evidence for its ubiquity; it is everywhere in that it is nowhere. One can therefore conclude that the concept of motherhood in Frankenstein does not require a mother, but only demands the notion that there was once a maternal presence where there is now none. By promptly abandoning his role as his monster’s creator, Victor seems to have perfectly complied with Shelley’s aforementioned definition of the maternal archetype. Still, some argue that the fact of Victor’s sex precludes him from ever fulfilling the theme of motherhood in Frankenstein. Victor is a man; the evident conclusion would be to declare Victor a paternal force in his creation’s...

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In Frankenstein Is Victor or the Monster More Deserving of Sympathy?

...sympathy is used throughout the novel ‘Frankenstein’. Mary Shelley has used it in order for us as the reader to feel sorrow for both Victor Frankenstein and the monster. A reason why Mary Shelley used sympathy repeatedly could be connected to the fact that she had such a tough life, she had been surrounded by death and sadness; her mum died giving birth to her, 3 of her 4 children died, her half sister committed suicide and her sons first wife drowned herself. This pain and suffering that she has gone through her whole life is very similar to what Victor Frankenstein went through, and Shelley could have related parts of it about her. This is seen when she emphasizes the pain Victor feels for Elizabeth and William, when they are murdered by the monster. When the monster first comes to life, Frankenstein says “but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and the breathless horror and disgust filled my heart.” this is the first point, where the reader sympathise for the monster because his creator, his “father” detests him, and neglects him, he receives no instruction or assistance at helping himself blend into a normal society. Later on in chapter 5, Victor meets up with his old friend Henry Clerval for the first time in ages, Henry comments on his health saying “I did not before remark how very ill you appear so thin and pale; and look as if you had been watching several nights” this makes us feel sympathy for Frankenstein because he is a mess and even if he does...

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