... Liam wasn’t even gripping the railing any longer. Instead, he was hanging only by Scott’s jaw fixed into his side. The shrill shrieks that emerged from Liam’s mouth were enough for any creature to cower and cringe in sympathetic pain. However, I did not cringe, nor did I sympathise. My eyebrows furrowed together like they were two trains travelling in opposite directions on the same track. My mouth fell ajar and I took a large breath. My eyes were motionless, fixed on Scott and the daggers that grew beneath his lips. Those teeth that sliced Liam’s flesh would change him forever. He was either going to die or become something that everyone wanted to kill. Scott bit into him like it was nothing, like it was a piece of steak on his dinner plate. I don’t even know why I was surprised. Scott never saw his actions as harmful. He always said his sole mission was to “protect his friends” but when did that ever work? He did it for himself. He always did it for himself. When he first got bitten, all he thought about was his own self. About how he couldn’t be normal or how he’d lose Allison. But he never thought about how exactly Allison would feel. He didn’t think about how if she would be upset or hurt or even scared. He only thought about how he would feel. How he would be upset or hurt or even scared. It was selfish and I was the only one who saw it. He didn’t bite Liam to save him. He bit him for himself. So he could add to his pack and more importantly, his power. He did it for merit...
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...Petri Plates Commercial microbial media are really best for growing microorganisms. They provide the right nutrients that allow good growth. However, if a commercial agar medium is too expensive, you can prepare homemade gelatin plates that will allow many fungi and some bacteria to grow. This homemade medium can be poured into sterile disposable petri plates or, if those are too expensive, can be poured into foil muffin cup liners that can be stored in plastic sandwich bags. Materials • plain gelatin • water • sugar • beef bouillon granules • foil muffin (cupcake) cups • muffin pans • measuring spoons • sandwich bags Procedure - Makes 25-30 plates 1. In a saucepan, mix 4 envelopes of plain gelatin with 4 cups cold water, 8 tsp. sugar and 4 tsp. bouillon granules (or 4 bouillon cubes). 2. Bring slowly to a boil, stirring constantly. 3. Cool slightly and fill about 1/3-1/2 full with the hot gelatin solution either a. sterile disposable petri dishes b. foil muffin cup liners (cupcake cups) in muffin pans for support,. 4. Cool until the gelatin is solid (refrigeration is desirable). 5. Remove foil muffin cup liners from muffin pan and store in plastic zip-lock bags in the refrigerator. Do not touch the surface of the gelatin. 6. Use this medium within 2-3 days. Related articles: Tips for Pouring and Storing Agar Plates Sterilizing Laboratory Materials for the Classroom Nutrient Broth, Plates and Slants Streaking Microbial Cultures on Agar Plates Contributed...
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... | | |A Scottish geologists named James Hutton gave geology the name uniformitarianism. Uniformitarianism is the study of rock formations | | |structure, and the distinctive patterns. Sand dunes near Yuma Arizona contains sand grains that are deposited by wind grains. The | | |earth has tectonic plates that can move, this movement is called Tectonic activity. When the plates shift, the movement can cause | | |volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. The earth has received two kinds of crust due to tectonic activities, the thick granitic | | |continental crust, and the thin basaltic oceanic crust. The theory that the earth is not one solid shell of rock sitting on a magma | | |core is called the lithosphere theory. The shifting plate theory seems to help explain the formations of mountains, volcanoes | | |eruption, and the occurrence of earthquakes. The earth contains several plates that float around on the softer upper mantle of the | | |earth. Scientist can study the cause and effect of past catastrophic events by looking at their cause and effect they have a better | | |idea of how to read the signals of the earth today. | | | ...
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...Convection Current Lab by: Kamil Ahmed Draft Title: The Effect of Convection Current on Plate Tectonics Problem: How Do Differences in Temperature Cause Convection Currents? Background Information: * The earth is made of up different layers (crust, mantle, outer core, inner core). Each of these layers has distinct properties. * The continents are part of large lithospheric plates that have moved over geological time and continue to move at a rate of a few centimeters per year. One theory is that convection currents within earth’s mantle drive this plate motion. * Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking, and then heating and rising again. This cycle is repeated over and over. The movement from convection moves the crustal plates on top. Hypothesis: If two temperatures are together then the warmer temperature will rise because it is less dense thus it will cause convection to reaction. Variables: Independent variable – Temperature of h20 Dependant variable - Movement of the water (rising and falling.) Materials: Warm water, cold water, 2 plastic cups, 1 plastic syringe, 1 plastic cup with circular depression, 1 small vial with 2 holed cap, 1 bottle of red food coloring, paper towels, and/or a sponge. Procedure: 1) Fill two plastic cup one with warm water and the other with cold water. 2) Snap the small vial (cap-side up) into the base of the...
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...formation of the Earth’s Oceans? The relationship between continental drift and the formation of Earth’s Oceans comes from the plate movement that occurred in Earth which is called plate tectonics. All of the landmasses were grouped together into one vast supercontinent called Pangea. Over millions of years the land started to split into many different countries and it also divided Panthalassa, the single great ocean that surrounded the continent Pangea, into many different oceans and that’s why now we have different oceans and countries around the world. 2. How did volcanoes affect the origins of the seas? Volcanoes affected the origins of the seas because volcanoes poured huge amounts of steam into the atmosphere and as the Earth cooled down the steam turned to water vapor that condensed as droplets and began to fall as rain. This downpour lasted for many thousands of years filling great hollows in the land and thus forming the world's first seas. 3. Describe the hydrologic cycle as if you were a particle of water going through it. If I were a particle of water traveling through the hydrologic cycle I would first float on top of the ocean and be absorbed by the sun’s heat. I would be lifted up into the air as water vapor and as the air cools, I would join up as a water droplet that forms clouds. As I get into the cloud, when it gets too full I would fall back onto the ground as rain or a...
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...be challenging to face, but they can also teach you valuable life lessons. The biggest problem of mine I've ever had to face is being able to cope with my defensive eating habits. I'm not saying that I don't still struggle with it, because it is a daily battle, but throughout my young life I have developed small solutions that help me to resist my urges. Defensive eating is an irresistible urge where you feel the need to consume all food around you without regarding others. Going out to eat has always been tricky for me. When the people who accompanied me at the restaurant would look away, I would find myself thrusting my fork on their plate like a wild animal. This would frustrate others and make me feel horrible about myself. This was something I had no way of controlling. No matter how full I got I couldn't stop eating off others plates; I just couldn't let them have their own food. As bad as things were in my early years, my compulsion got worse as I entered high school. No matter how much food I ate at lunch, all I could think about was going home and eating more. I just had to eat all of the snacks in my house before anyone in my family got a chance to. If someone in my household ate the last Popsicle, I found my self aggressively lashing out at them. The more I saw people eating the more jealous I became. Fairly recently, I've developed helpful strategies to curve my defensive eating habits. One of the most effective techniques I use is when me and a friend are...
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...task at hand to make this once financial, trade, and cultural center flourish once again. The magnitude of the earthquake caused widespread destruction due to the geologic setting of San Francisco, but also the destruction of buildings was due to the makeshift quality of the construction of the city. If there were to be a repeat of the quake today, it could possibly be more devastating than the first one. Therefore, the economic affect that an earthquake the same size as the one in 1906 would have on California would be far more disastrous and far more expensive due to the heavily dense population, the many old buildings still in use, and the costly price of real estate today. California lies between two active plate boundaries known as the North American plate, which moves south,...
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... Fossils of the first marine reptiles known as Mesosaurus that are even older than dinosaurs were found in South America and South Africa. With the discovery of the fossil in two different locations across water and the study of sedimentation and fossil plant in these southern continents led a South African scientist named Alexander duToit to supporting the idea that at one point all of the continents were once together and have drifted apart like Albert Wegener theorized. In 1960, a theory was made explaining the movement of the Earth’s plates and explains the causes of volcanoes, oceanic trenches, mountain range formation, earthquakes and other phenomenon’s. Tectonic plates move at an estimated speed of one to ten centimeters per year. Earthquakes and volcano activity happens when the plates interact. There is a theory that the tectonic plates and the continental drift have a lot to do with the ice age. Tectonic plates have layers; the top layers are called crust. The crust under the...
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...Mr. Wedel, Room E102, 2012-2013 Web Site: Phone Number: Email: Office Hours: https://www.tracy.k12.ca.us/sites/kwedel/Pages/ClassInformation.aspx EARTH SCIENCE SYLLABUS 209-830-3360 ext 2509 kwedel@tusd.net Wednesday 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm or by arrangement Welcome to Earth Science – the study of the world around you. Our topics will include Astronomy (study of outer space), Geology (study of rocks, earthquakes, volcanoes and plate tectonics), Meteorology (study of the atmosphere, climate and climate change), and Oceanography (study of the oceans and water systems). This course will use hands-on experimentation, activities, and direct instruction. You will be enabled to learn the ‘how’ and ‘why’, not just the ‘what’ of science. I will show how Earth Science is relevant in your everyday life; you must provide the willingness to learn. MATERIALS Textbook: Bring to class everyday: Optional but useful: Earth Science, published by Holt (Please keep your textbook at home.) Composition Book and Science Binder/folder with paper - see below Pencil and/or Pen (dark blue or black ink only) Calculator, colored pens and/or pencils, scissors, ruler RULES AND EXPECTATIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Arrive prepared to learn (mentally ready and equipped with the correct materials) Never prevent others from learning (inappropriate behavior or talking) Always follow safety rules during lab (prevent injures) Do not take or damage any classroom equipment Participate in class discussions...
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...the ruin of 120 of 150 quays in the port and the collapse of 1 full km of the Hanshin Highway.One out of 5 of the buildings in the worst hit part were uterly destroyed or uninhabitable after the earthquake and about 22% of the offices in the central buisness region were unusable.The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds, and during this time the south side of the Nojima Fault moved 1.5m to the right and 1.2m downwards.The earthquake started at the north of the island of Awaji, which sits just south of Japan. It spread toward the south west descending along the Nojima Fault on Awaji and toward the north east straight down the Suma and Suwayama faults, which go straight through the center of Kobe. Previous earthquakes registered in the west Japan between the years 1891 and 1948, the 1995 earthquake owned a strike-slip mechanism that supplied eastwest reduction of the Eurasian Plate thanks to its impact with the Philippine Sea Plate in the central area of Honshu. The Cause Kobe is situated at on the southeast coast of Japan, near one of the most destructive plate margins across the world. Although it is not the closest city to the margin, this city still lies on a fault line. The earthquake that struck the city of Kobe in the winter months of 1995 measured 7.0 on the richter scale and 6.9 on the most current magnitude scale nowadays. On this plate Margin, the pacific plate is being forced under the Eurasian plate causing stress to build up and be released when the earth shakes...
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...formation of the Earth’s Oceans? The relationship between continental drift and the formation of Earth’s Oceans comes from the plate movement that occurred in Earth which is called plate tectonics. All of the landmasses were grouped together into one vast supercontinent called Pangea. Over millions of years the land started to split into many different countries and it also divided Panthalassa, the single great ocean that surrounded the continent Pangea, into many different oceans and that’s why now we have different oceans and countries around the world. 2. How did volcanoes affect the origins of the seas? Volcanoes affected the origins of the seas because volcanoes poured huge amounts of steam into the atmosphere and as the Earth cooled down the steam turned to water vapor that condensed as droplets and began to fall as rain. This downpour lasted for many thousands of years filling great hollows in the land and thus forming the world's first seas. 3. Describe the hydrologic cycle as if you were a particle of water going through it. If I were a particle of water traveling through the hydrologic cycle I would first float on top of the ocean and be absorbed by the sun’s heat. I would be lifted up into the air as water vapor and as the air cools, I would join up as a water droplet that form clouds. As I get into the cloud, when it gets too full I would fall back onto the ground as rain or a...
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...Name(s): __________________ and _____________________________ Section (lab day) _________ Lab 2: Plate Tectonics & the Origin of Magma – AGI 9th ed. Read Lab 2 p31-56. The aim of the lab is: A. To investigate some aspects of the plate tectonic model. B. To interpret rates and directions of plate movement C. To analyze data and associated geological processes & features. The theory of plate tectonics is a powerful and far-reaching theory encompassing many aspects of geology. The theory explains such diverse phenomena as mountain building on continents, the evolution of ocean basins, magma chemistry, the long-term migration of plants and animals, climatic change and the movement of continents. Turn to Lab 2 in the lab manual and read the introduction to each Part, then answer the questions in the manual in the corresponding spaces provided below. Introduction: Earth’s Size, Continents & Ocean Basins 1.1.a Read p 31-32. What was Alfred Wegener’s observation that led him to propose the Continental Drift Hypothesis ___________________________________. (1) 1.1.b Why was this rejected?___________________________________________. (1) Why did anti-drift scientists oppose this and what was their evidence or bias? _____________________________________________________________. (1) 1.1.c What alternative hypothesis did Bernard Lindemann (1927) and Otto Hilgenberg (1933) propose? _______________________________________________....
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...Northern California Geolo Geology of Northern California Frank DeCourten Department of Earth Science Sierra College Standing more than 10,000 feet (3,000 m) above the surrounding terrain, Mt. Shasta is the largest volcano in northern California and symbolizes the dynamic geologic processes that have shaped a spectacular landscape. 63829_02_insidecover.qxd 11/25/08 12:53 AM Page ii ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS TO ASK Northern California.1 Introduction Ⅲ What are northern California’s physiographic provinces? Ⅲ What is the Farallon subduction zone? al Ⅲ What two types of plate boundaries exist in northern California today? th Ⅲ What are terranes, how do they originate, and why are they important in northern California? Northern California.2 The Sierra Nevada: California’s Geologic alifornia’s Ge Backbone Ⅲ What is the Sierra Nevada batholith? rra batholi Ⅲ What kinds of rocks surround the Sierra Nevada batholith? ra Ⅲ When and how was the modern Sierra Nevada uplifted? e Ⅲ What types of gold deposits occur in the Sierra Nevada? e? Ⅲ What is the Mother Lode? Northern California.3 The Klamath M Mountains t ath an Ne evada Ⅲ In what ways are the Klamath Mountains and the Sierra Nevada similar? ds ro o ath M Ⅲ What kinds of rocks comprise the ophiolites in the Klamath Mountains and what tectonic events do they signify? ineral occu th ntai Ⅲ What mineral resources occur in the Klamath Mountains? Northern California...
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...Metamorphism of Sea Floor The Earth is divided into tectonic plates. The motion of these plates is dictated largely by metamorphic petrology--principally the pressure-induced transformation of relatively low density minerals into high density minerals. The various plate-tectonic regimes of the Earth cause rocks to experience a broad range of pressures and temperatures, which leads to a broad range of metamorphic minerals and metamorphic rock types. stable cratons (green): cratons are stable and relatively cold, with 'normal' thermal gradients of ~20 K/km. magmatic arcs (red-orange): magmatic arcs are sites where heat is advected to shallow levels, producing low P/T metamorphism. crustal extension (orange): crustal extension via normal faulting leads to advection of heat to shallow levels, followed by cooling to a normal thermal gradient. oceanic extension--mid-ocean ridges (red-orange): convection carries heat to very shallow levels, where 7-km thick oceanic crust forms; hydrothermal circulation produces low P/T metamorphism. ophiolite soles (red): are thrust zones beneath very hot oceanic lithosphere emplaced onto passive continental margins; in contrast to other low P/T metamorphism, inverted metamorphic gradients form because the emplacement rate is rapid compared to the rate at which the extreme heat is conducted away. subduction zones (blue): rapid subduction advects cold material into the mantle, producing high P/T metamorphism. continent-continent...
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...Study Guide: Midterm Exam Concentrate your studies in the following areas. Questions for the Midterm Exam will come principally from this material. Lutgens and Tarbuck Textbook: Minerals (Chapter 1) * Know the definition of a mineral. a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence * Know the basic definition of a rock. the solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets, exposed on the surface or underlying the soil or oceans * Know how atoms of the same element are related. Atoms of the same element must have the same number of protons which is the atomic number. What do they have in common? They all have protons * Know definitions for the following terms: valence electrons, an electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell (valence shell) of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another atom. An electron in one of the outer shells of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms nucleus, the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. atom, the basic unit of a chemical element element, ion, and chemical compound. * Know the difference between ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic compounds contain a metal cation bonded to a nonmetal anion. This means that the first element in the compound's name and formula is to the left of the zig-zag line on the periodic table above. Covalent compounds contain NO...
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