...Communication Differences and Strategies Shirley Bryant SOC/333 August 27, 2012 Marvin Frohock Communication Differences and Strategies Communication skills are different among men and women in respect to, and because of, their various occupations and experiences. Women use terms that are more descriptive and take longer to get to the point, while men tend to start with the direct point and fill in as needed. There are also differences in how each gender interprets some phrases. This paper will discuss some of those differences, how these differences relate to miscommunication, and ways to deal effectively with these issues. The skills used by men for non-verbal communication relate to their impressions and ideas of importance. The more important a man thinks he is, the more his body language will speak out. He will stand up straighter, use a louder voice, and be more expansive with his hand gestures. Eye contact will be at a minimum when talking to a subordinate, unless he is making or stressing a point. In relaxed social situations a man will spread out physically, taking up more space than necessary and using more expansive gestures with his entire body, while eye contact is almost non-existent no matter who he is conversing with. For a male dealing with another male of higher ranking, the body language is more subdued, with greater eye contact from the subordinate to the superior. When a male is dealing with a female of higher rank, his body language...
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...Differences in Communication Between Genders Roscoe Purdue University Abstract The differences in correspondence styles among men and women have been a subject of interest for research for quite a while. These differences may provoke miscommunication, battle, and even frustration between couples. This study looks at the communication styles among men and women, more especially between married couples. It questions how the different genders express their thoughts and feelings that may lead to conflicts. The study will be driven utilizing an in-depth analysis of what causes miscommunication that leads to conflicts. Qualitative research is the method that will be used to gain an in-depth look at why the genders have some of their communication problems. The goal is to increase the amount of awareness regarding communication styles and how it relates better marital communication to aid in the prevention of miscommunication and the decrease a lot of conflicts because of it. Today, divorce has become a very common part of life, and it is likely that ineffective communication plays a crucial role in the failure of many marriages. Communication may lead to the success of a marriage or to its detriment, depending on its level of effectiveness. This effectiveness of communication is likely connected to the overall satisfaction of married couples and is worthy to be studied in order to increase marital satisfaction. Learning more about the differences in communication styles...
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...Version 1.0: 0107 abc General Certificate of Education Psychology 5186 Specification B Unit 1 (PYB1) Introducing Psychology Mark Scheme 2007 examination - January series Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation meeting attended by all examiners and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation meeting ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for the standardisation meeting each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed at the meeting and legislated for. If, after this meeting, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been discussed at the meeting they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available to...
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...1) Billy Wilder's movie "Some Like it Hot" is regarded as a comic masterpiece. What are some of the ways the director plays with gender issues to create such a resilient comedy? 2) In the movie "The man who shot liberty valance", John Wayne plays the archetypical western hero, a man who is at once outside of the law who is also committed to upholding justice. Please discuss the contradictions inherent in his role in the film. "SOME LIKE IT HOT" The all-time satirical, comedy farce favorite and outrageous “Some like It Hot” produced in the year 1959, is one of the most comical films ever made. This film has had the combination of several elements, which include a part of 1920-1930s gangster films and romances. The director had one major objective, which was to include deceptive and entangled identities, cross-dressing, and reversed sex roles. It was for these reasons why the film gained so much popularity during the time and this lead to the director receiving six Academy Award nominations. Among the major themes presented in the film, the paper will discuss some of the ways the director plays with gender issues in creating such a resilient comedy. According to Martínez, María Jesús (p. 146), aspects of cultural negotiations among others has affected for long the sexual definitions and gender representation generally. Therefore, the representation of a woman has long provided a powerful and undecided patriarchal character, heavily determined as the expression of the male...
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...Patrick D. Hopkins’ “Introduction: The Intersection of Culture, Gender, and Technology,” in Sex/Machine: Readings in Culture, Gender, and Technology examines the way in which virtually all forms of technology are gendered. The overall claim Hopkins makes in this section is that, although technology is constantly advancing, it still entails the old stereotypes and polarizing dichotomies that are currently implemented in this patriarchal society in which we live in. Commencing his work, he explains that “[m]uch of the debate over technology in general, and technology’s effects on gender roles and identity in particular, is generated by the fear that new technologies are moving too fast, or too far, or in the wrong direction from traditional...
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...What is the role of women in fostering development? Discuss the influence of gender on household expenditure, human capital and policymaking. (word limit : 1500) Women paly an immense role in development, be it physical, moral or emotional development. Their role in eradicating hunger and poverty and development and current challenges is becoming very crucial (EGM, 2011) as is evident from the 56th session of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) in 2012, who prioritized their theme on these key areas. They contribute in a multitude of ways to ensure their family and society is brought out of poverty. Many of the activities performed by the rural women are not identified as “economically active employment” in the national accounts but are important and essential for their households (FAO, 2011). They constitute a major share of labor on the family farms (UNIFEM, 2005). Prominent gender inequalities often keep then from enjoying their social and economic rights. Access to decent work, which they could use in turn to leverage upon to improve their socio-economic condition, is limited too for them (FAO/IFAD/ILO, 2010b). As a result of this a huge social and economic cost is imposed on the society and it also tends to impede the process of rural development with problems that include lags in agricultural produce (EGM, 2011). They play an important role in translating the agricultural produce into food and nutrition security and also for the well being of their families...
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...Claire Chapman HDFS 311: Assignment #2 Child Poverty Child poverty is a worldwide issue that is in desperate need for action and improvement. Poverty does not allow children the adequate environment to fully develop or sometimes to even survive. These children are hit hard by their circumstances and should have the right to a healthy upbringing. I will discuss Unicef’s definition of poverty, research about families, and the differences in gender across child poverty. The Unicef article, Children Living in Poverty, uses a definition of child poverty from The State of the World’s Children 2005 that states, “Children living in poverty experience deprivation of the material, spiritual, and emotional resources needed to survive, develop, and thrive, leaving them unable to enjoy their rights, achieve their full potential or participate as full and equal members of society.” They really wanted to emphasize the fact that poverty is not just of material needs, but also social, emotional, and spiritual needs as well. Poverty can be operationally defined through specifics of their nutrition, water, sanitation, health, shelter, education, and information. Unicef has defined a threshold for each one in order to collect data about it. One of the studies that was trying to find percentage of children that are severely deprived used stricter guidelines to really show the depth of poverty around the world. They found that around one billion children are living in conditions that are considered...
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...expected to find a positive correlation between the empathy and AAS score. While also exploring the relationships between the HUES and empathy or AAS score. We predicted that women would have higher empathy and AAS scores than men as well as pet owners having higher AAS scores than non- pet owners. This study was conducted in New York, where 60 voluntary participants completed surveys. The results of the study illustrated and provided a statistically significant positive correlation between scores on the E-Scale and the AAS and a significant negative correlation between scores on the E-Scale and HUES and well as between the AAS and the HUES. There was also a significant gender difference in AAS scores with women having more positive attitudes toward animals compared to men. However, there was no significant gender difference in HUES scores. Similarly, there were significant effects of pet ownership on both E-Scale scores and on AAS scores. Specifically, pet owners had higher levels of empathy and also had more positive attitudes toward animals compared to non-pet owners. There was no significant effect of pet ownership on HUES scores. Study of Attitude, Empathy, and Human Uniqueness of Emotion in Animals Before reviewing important research information that we have found, it is important to review other theories and expert findings that have related to our study and to which our research was built. Researchers have studied animal behavior in recent years with context to their attitudes...
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...Evaluation Essay on Gender in Advertising Gender differences and biases have been a part of the normal lives of humans ever since anyone can remember. Anthropological evidence has revealed that even the humans and the hominids of ancient times had separate roles for men and women in their societies, and this relates to the concepts of epistemology. There were certain things that women were forbidden to do and similarly men could not partake in some of the activities that were traditionally reserved for women. This has given birth to the gender role stereotypes that we find today. These differences have been passed on to our current times; although many differences occur now that have caused a lot of debate amongst the people as to their appropriateness and have made it possible for us to have a stereotyping threat by which we sometimes assign certain qualities to certain people without thinking. For example, many men are blamed for undermining women and stereotyping them for traditional roles, and this could be said to be the same for men; men are also stereotyped in many of their roles. This leads to social constructionism since the reality is not always depicted by what we see by our eyes. These ideas have also carried on in the world of advertising and the differences shown between the males and the females are apparent in many advertisements we see today. This can have some serious impacts on the society as people begin to stereotype the gender roles in reality. There has...
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...The five characteristics for human service professionals are: Self-awareness, Ability to communicate, Empathy, Responsibility/commitment, and Flexibility. Self-awareness is the deep understanding of one's own self, this includes comprehending self-knowledge about beliefs, attitudes, values, stereotypes, biases, cultural and gender differences, and behaviors. Self-awareness is beneficial in diminishing preconceptions and opinions, allowing one to modify or change their "self" toward a client's perspective. Empathy is the ability to see or feel what the client has experienced. Similar to self-awareness, empathy furthers the progression of understanding oneself and enables a provider to put their feet into the client's shoes. Providers who have experienced as well as relate to the client's situation have an easier time expressing empathy. Responsibility/Commitment are ideal promises to a client. The provider shall support the client in whichever possible way is needed through responsibility and will offer the highest quality of service through commitment. A provider displays a strong presence of professionalism and acts to the best of their abilities. They will adhere to a code of ethic or conduct and will remain honest with their client throughout their service. Flexibility provides versatility to a provider’s service. They may need to change, abandon, or revise plans if the program suddenly becomes difficult or unusual. Flexibility allows a provider to learn new alternatives...
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...Gender Differences Many people growing up have noticed the language barrier between the male and female genders, which reflects upon their actions and everyday lifestyle in a civilized society. Men have always been aggressive with their actions while women have been known to be emotional. The gender difference has been a controversy for many centuries and many linguistics have studied and nearly found the answer. But what explains this phenomenon and what differentiates the two genders by how they act and how they talk? This essay will explain the basic general differences between the two genders and how it has to do with the world, in context with the in class reading, and my own experiences in my community. Do you consider that gender differences and how men and women talk effects lifestyle and the way women are treated according to Lakoff? Throughout history, men have always been depicted as the gender that has the right of way through their actions by the way they look and talk. Men are known to be fierce, strong, and stand as boss-like figure. In the past century, men have a distinct way of talking. Men are more prone to threatening to get what they want such as being a manager in a business or even in a relationship, as men are known to be power hungry. Another distinctive trait about how men talk would be that their vocabulary is not as descriptive as women and is less subtle. Men usually talk in a low pitch tone, which compliments their manly-ness and when upset...
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...PRESCHOOL Just look at this→think of examples for all of them Chapter 7: Physical & Cognitive Development • Growth & ability of the body Right/ left handedness emerges early Bone ossification Gross motor skills • Brain lateralization—certain cognitive functions are located more in 1 hemisphere of brain than other→ become more pronounced during preschool years o Right vs. Left hemisphere specialization • Left hemisphere- speaking, reading, thinking & reasoning • Right Hemisphere- Spatial relationships, pattern recognition & emotional expression (global processing) o What are examples of skills associated with the right and left hemisphere? o Some specialization of each hemisphere, BUT each can perform most tasks of the other. EX: right hemisphere does some language processing and does important role in language comprehension • Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development (early childhood: 2—6) o Children at this time increase in use of symbolic thinking, mental reasoning, use of concepts.. Representational thought • EX: seeing moms car keys(symbol) prompts u to ask “are we going to the store?” • Primarily defined by limitations. Characterized by centration o Aren’t capable of operations→ organized/formal mental process that develops in school-aged children o Confuses own POV w/ others & cant consider multiple characteristics of stuff o Period of centration- concentrating on 1 limited aspect of stimulus & ignoring other stimulus. (EX: a cat w/ dog...
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...Communication is the key to everything in the world. In any type of relationship, business or personal, communication is so important that it can make a business or relationship a success or a failure. Part of the world or the age of the relationship has an impact on a relationship but what can make it or break it, is the communication. Everyone communicates differently because of their backgrounds, their environment, their gender all have a reflection on their perception and their ways of communicating. Gender is known to have the most differences in everything, especially communication. Women like to talk and be open about any topic, while men are quieter and more to themselves. Since men and women tend to have different points of view, their conversations tend to be different. Research shows that “women use communication as a tool to enhance social connections and create relationships,” while men use communication to show dominance and reach actual goals (Merchant, 2012). Women like to have many close relationships with friends, co-workers, and families, while men don’t care for close relationships outside their immediate family. Woman will use the relationships she establishes in a workplace to get the things she needs done. While a man will use his dominance to get what he needs done. If a business values employees’ opinions than a demanding approach wouldn’t be as effective as a persuasive approach, which a woman would use due to her relationships. Women communicate...
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...Common Differences and Strategies Angeline Birong SOC/333 August 11, 2014 Erica Lloyd Common Differences and Strategies Communication is a part of daily life. Men and women have different ways of communicating which can lead to stressful interactions. This paper will examine verbal and non-verbal communications differences between the genders, types of miscommunications, and discusses the right-of-way concerning gender and status, and provide examples of dialogue among the genders. The author will also include personal experiences concerning miscommunication among the genders, and highlight ineffective communication methods observed, as well as offer effective strategies for solving the situation. Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Men and women employ differing verbal and nonverbal communication styles. These different styles can lead to certain perceptions of stereotypes between the genders. Feminine Style Women use a style that is more engaging and will “promote emotions and understanding in a personal way” (Rawluszko, 2009). A feminine style of communication is polite, involved, and supportive. Women will communicate just for the sake of communicating. The subject matter is less important than the fact communication is taking place. This builds, maintains, and proves the relationship is important (Ivy & Backlund, 2008). Women frequently infuse emotion and their own beliefs in conversations as well. Women’s voice tend to use a higher pitch than men’s. Research...
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...Gender Differences in style and content of S.M.S messaging by Iranian youth Mahnaz Zhale Islamic Azad University of Isfahan Author Note Mahnaz Zhaleh, Department of English, Isfahan branch, Isfahan-Iran Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mahnaz Zhaleh, Department of Foreign Languages, Islamic Azad University of Isfahan. E-mail: ghalamgostar@gmail.com Abstract This is a quantitative study aim to examine gender differences in text messages sending by cell phones. 20 young girls and 20 young boys aging 20 to 28 participated this study and 150 text messages sent by girls to their female friends and relatives and 150 text messages sent by young boys to their male friends and relatives were randomly selected. All data were then categorized based on their senders' genders, contents, topics and styles. Finally, data were examined and compared based on study above said variables. The results indicated that females use more emotional and formal addressing terms when starting their communication in text messages by cell phones. They also use more emotional expresses. Moreover, girls send more acknowledgement messages. Men mostly send jokes and use informal terms or no term to address their communication partners. They also send shorter messages rather than females. Girls send more daily messages while boys prefer to use voice calls in the case of long time communications. The results of this study can shed lights for psychologists, sociologists...
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