...Education and Gender Equality within Millennium Development Goals: KSA & China Name: Institution: Course: Date: Declaration I hereby declare that this is my work and nothing has been plagiarized. Every aspect of this work has been appropriately referenced using the APA referencing format. Executive Summary Table of Contents Contents of the report with page numbers, list of tables, and list of figures. Introduction to the Research Topic Education and gender equality are critical components of societal progress and development. They reflect basic rights that require no economic justification. This notion is reflected in the inclusion of gender related developmental and propagative objectives in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Yet it is also a case that education and gender equality has broad and positive implications for economic as well as social development to any nation. A significant decline in child illiteracy and maternal mortality remains somewhat elusive and thus the Millennium Developmental Goals initiative that has been deemed to reduce child illiteracy and promote gender equality coupled with the establishment of women empowerment within all regions of the world is poised with inconsistent progress rates within some certain countries. To deliver such Millennium Development goals and MDG3 and its supporting targets which promotes specifically gender equality and empowers women, it will be critical to elevate...
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...WOMEN DRIVING IN SAUDI ARABIA Gender inequality has been one of the major challenging problem that has been experienced in Saudi Arabia since time immemorial, women are treated as lesser breed compared to their counterpart men. Important roles like decision making, implementation of policies are mostly men role and no woman is suppose to contribute or argue in decision making . Women rights such as voting, travelling outside their country on their own and driving cars are some of the cases that are denied to (Sodafeldt ). This paper will seek to enclave and give explanation as to why the Authority in Saudi Arabia prohibit women from driving, conclusion and recommendation that need to be done to alter the situation. Al-Rasheed argues that oppression of women , their rights and the role their play in the society as the main stumbling block that Saudi women faces . He goes on further to explain that Gender Gap Index, Culture, religion and traditions as the main reasons as to why the trendy has continued despite the international community pressure. These social implications explain best why women are denied their social right in Arabia. It is believed that only close to 30% of Saudi Arabia women are literate and the less are illiterate without basic education. Moreover the system tend to favor men with best curriculum system leaving women with substandard education, they also can't take engineer and law course because the authority in charge dictate...
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...Michael Francis 1 Mr. Griffith English 10 9/6/15 Social Justice and Gender Inequality What is social justice? In my words, I would define it as an equal and fair distribution of respect, opportunity, and power within a society. But how can we apply that to this quote? "I raise my voice not so that I can shout, but so that those without a voice can be heard."(Malala Yousafzai). In the case of this quote, it relates more to the problem of gender inequality. In many parts of the world today, many women face the same overarching problem of gender inequality. In the book, Leftover Women: The Resurgence of Gender Inequality in China. It talks of a woman around the age 26 awaiting her family in China, after earning her PhD in a prestigious U.S University. When she had called her mother back home in China to tell her of the good news, her mother's first response was to say, "don't tell too many people at home. That wouldn’t be a good idea.” "…she now had to face a terrible choice: of returning to China and the stigmatized status of the “leftover woman,” or of staying in the U.S, distanced from close family and friends, and without any guarantee of professional stability.” In China, once a women turns the age 27 they are seen as too accomplished to make desirable wives and too old to bear healthy children. In the Article, World Report 2015: Saudi Arabia, It lists many of the rules concerning what women can and can't do. In it, it's said that women were forbidden...
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...addressed is the lack of equality in this particular circumscribed circle called politics on an international level. There is still the need to define discrimination, stereotyping and prejudice among groups and race. In modern times, psychologists and scholars have focused their attention to human behaviour, the human mind as well as gender based issues within the political sphere and even within that area, issues of discrimination, stereotyping, prejudice especially gender do not cease to exist. Sexism has, in the modern era, gained much academic and social legitimacy. Scholars and feminists have thoroughly examined the politics of identification as follows: (a) Gender shapes not only who we are but the world(s) we live in (b) Resistance to changing our personal (gender) identities obstructs feminist movement (c) The identity of the modern subject is not gender neutral but masculine (and typically European) (d) Feminist identity is itself problematic given the diversity (non-identity) among women. (e) Identity groups most closely associated with political power have also been historically based on gender inequality. (f) As members of these groups, women have interests in their success, including the group's acquisition of political power competitors. Source: Peterson, V. (1996). The politics of identification in the context of globalization. Women's Studies International Forum. Groups may be...
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...Introduction The world is full of inequality, inequality exists in many areas, for example, a girl who is born in Norway is more likely live on to old age, while I that same girl was born in Sierra Leone, she would have a one in four chance of dying on her birthday, (Green, 2012) this is just a minute example of inequality in this world. It exists on the basis of, race, caste, gender, economy, health, education and lots more. It is up to the people in various countries to put an end to inequality and therefore alleviate poverty. it is believed by some economists that redistribution is the only way to make the world equal again , these economists also believe that redistribution is the role of the government (Browning, 1989) while others believe it is the role of the citizens and the government . Inequality is a major global problem which leads to loss of GDP, health, lives and others. Inequality is a cancerous growth that needs to be cut down (Gostin, 2007) in this research report will elaborate on the inequalities of the world and how it ties to poverty, using the theme of discrimination, based on race, caste and gender. It will show how discrimination leads to inequality and poverty, with the help of various case studies and examples, it will also give recommendations on how the inequality can be reduced. The global inequality shows that 80% of global health is in the hands of 15% of the "privileged." (Milanovic, 2011) What is poverty? Poverty is described as the thing...
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...Women policy problem and analysis in Saudi Arabia and USA Name: Institution: Course: Unit: Date: Women policy problem and analysis in Saudi Arabia and USA Executive summary Following the Fourth World Conference on Women in the Beijing Declaration which was adopted in 1995, all the participating countries agreed to that declaration. The aim of the conference was to advocate for equality, development and peace for all women for the advancement of humanity (UNESCO, 200). This policy brief is aimed at assessing the goals advanced in this conference in Saudi Arabia and USA who were among the participants. This policy brief presents women policy problem and analysis both in Saudi Arabia and USA. It highlights the problem faced by women, including basic facts, the policies adopted and the improvements that need to be implemented. It therefore covers several policy measures that are undertaken in these countries and their effects. These problems revolve around women education, work, decision-making, health, violence against women and poverty (Steffensmeier & Allan, 1998). Women in Saudi Arabia are abused physically by men. This problem of abuse is perpetrated by men in the family realm where wives are battered by men. In Saudi Arabia men have the authority to abuse their wives without any intervention from the authority. Men could abuse their wives physically, verbally and emotionally. Women on the other hand have no intervention...
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...the role that racism plays in the United States. He adds that the media often reports personal crimes while under-reporting organized and traditional discrimination. In the country, Black and Latino males are most prospective to have their cars stopped and searched for drugs. Tim’s argument regarding the color-blind perspective relates completely to the issue of the privilege system. In the system, color-blindness is treated like an inability. Talking about the realities race, oppression and white privilege make people uncomfortable. There are races that feel superior and their position oppresses the minorities. Institutional privilege and inequality exist in every society, including Saudi Arabia. The Saudi system is dominated by the rich. The rich are comparable to the White privileged in America. The economic inequality makes one fall either to the dominant or the oppressed group. Racial Privilege (white) means that racial affiliation stands across all spectrums of life. It seems like a privilege to obtain legal, economic and health assistance...
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...Evaluate the Marxist theory of religion and its relevance to society today. Marxists believe that the ruling class use instruments in society to control the working class – for example religion and education. They argue that religion is created and promoted by the Ruling Class in order to pass on their dominant ideology to the working class, using it as an “instrument”. Althusser argues that the ruling class do this through physical control such as the police and the justice system (Repressive State Apparatus), they also control the working class through the Ideological state Apparatus, which via religion, prevents the working class from becoming deviant and rebelling. A clear demonstration of this is in Christian teaching. They’re taught that Jesus himself had a day job as a carpenter – which is a manual labour, working class job. This idea of Jesus being like us civilians appeals to the working class as their attitude would be that if someone of such major influence can have that job, I can too because I will be repaid in the afterlife. Another supporting piece of evidence to the Marxist theory of religion is in the Jewish Torah (Old Testament – 34:12) God says “Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest, in eanring time and in harvesting, thou shalt rest”. This also influences the working class not to question why we have to work for 6 days, because when we make our earnings we can rest on the seventh day, whilst the ruling class impose this religious...
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...Exporting lamb to the Saudi Arabian Market Introduction Samex Australian Meat Company is a long established Meat Trading Company based in Australia & it has been supplying the finest quality Beef / Lamb / Mutton & Goat to a wide variety of markets around the world.Samex was established in 1978 in Australia and quickly become one of the country’s principal meat trading companies. An extensive supply network means Samex can source everything from high-value chilled lamb and beef via airfreight to bulk mutton & goat shipments all Halal Certified products for Middle East markets. Samex had developed live sheep export trade over the years, but it had been under struggle for many years because of ethical issues related to the trade. Some important customers were found live sheep in the Middle East who preferred to process the meat themselves. When pressure groups attacked the trade as unethical Problems arose. It made worse when the Egyptian government did not accept a shipment of live sheep because it claimed the sheep were in poor condition. Among the customers Governments in the Middle East that require highly efficient, time critical deliveries for their armed forces. Another important point of difference at Samex, it is well-known global retail sector. Company’s founders were master butchers and have invested extensive market research in producing meat products valued by the consumer. It also provides in-house shipping and export documentation department’s who...
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...around the world tend to hold positions of lower status and authority and are less likely to be employed in the paid work force (Eagly, 735). Women have historically been constrained by deep-rooted stereotypes that fuel a traditional perception of their place in society. Indeed, gender expectations regarding women’s roles participate in maintaining a majority of them in a subordinate position within the society and within the family - as housekeepers. Generally characterized as intellectually, but more particularly physically weaker than men, women’s agency is diminished by gender prejudices and women have to continuously, and in a larger extent than for their male counterparts, impose themselves to belong to society as full citizens. However, all these conventional images on women’s status are not vain and shore up women’s willpower to fight and be part of politics, culture and history as equal to men. Ironically thus, women stereotypes do have a good impact on women empowerment. Indeed, stereotypes reinforce women’s will to destroy biased ideas sustained by men. Therefore, this paper will first outline an extreme form of gender discrimination with the example of Saudi Arabia where patriarchal gender expectations ultimately infringe on women’s public and privates lives as well as on women’s...
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...Gender Equality Gender equality is how men and women should be treated equally and not be discriminated by their gender, though this does not mean that women and men are the same, but that they are equally valuable and should be treated just like that. This is the intention of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which attempts to create equality in law and in social environments, including democratic activities and obtaining equal pay for equal work. Although this subject has been going on for years this is actually a never-ending story in which no one ever agrees on what is right for each gender. Equal pay for equal work is one of the many fields where gender equality is not often present. Most of the time women get paid less than men for doing the exact same work. This is one of the reasons why most of the poor people are women, around 70% of the women who live in extreme poverty survive on less than US$1 a day. Even so, when applying for a job it is more likely that an attractive woman will get a call back from an employer than a man. The University of Messina made a study in which researchers sent more than 1100 fake CVs to more than 1500 advertised job openings, in all of the CVs they kept identical skills and qualifications but changed the names, genders and pictures of the candidates. They grabbed pictures from the web and edited them so the original person wouldn't be recognizable and then 100 students at the university judged...
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...The concept of gender has become a debatable issue in the contemporary society and an important dimension in the design and analysis of social and economic development policies. These development concerns have brought about gender issues at the forefront of national and international agenda. During the 1990's, the gender issue continued to follow the historical trend by being one of the most popular themes of debates. The Human Development Report, (1995) posits that the number of women is greater than or equal to that of men, in today's society, yet females are still considered as a minority segment of the population. As a measure to redress gender inequalities, approaches by feminist movements, such as Women in Development (WID), were crafted but not much was achieved. Later, it was Women and Development (WAD) and lastly Gender and Development (GAD). It seems deep-rooted gender inequality still exists globally, despite substantial national and international measures that have been taken towards gender equality. This essay deliberates on the assertion that, “Gender equality is debatable: what is undebatable is the attempt to make it universally applicable.” The writer agrees to a greater extent that gender equality is a controversial issue basing on the multiplicity of societies that it is applied to. The fact that there is no universal culture, universal religion or universal ideology makes the whole issue arguable, ence, the need to degenderise gender. Definition...
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...I stared out the airplane window and took a deep breath to reminisce all the memorable moments from my life in Saudi Arabia and wondered about the kind of experiences I would embark on when I arrived in Canada. These were only some of the thoughts racing through my mind when my family and I emigrated from Saudi Arabia to Canada two and a half years ago which resulted in some major upheavals in my life. These challenges were further compounded by the suddenness of the move, and having to immediately adjust to a new city. Having lived in two continents (North America and Asia) and four countries (U.A.E, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Canada) has given me a very unique perspective on the world. Upon arriving in Canada, it felt like I had arrived...
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...It is very important that entrepreneurs of today transform themselves into leaders to manage their business better as the business needs to change as per the culture and structure. This report will discuss about Mai Jadawi, her business is about natural beauty products, the legal process she went through to register her business in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, launch of her business and the obstacles she faced and is still facing while operating her business. 2. Identifying an Entrepreneur Female entrepreneurs contribute significantly to the economic growth and creation of jobs in developed and developing nations (Verheul and Thurik 2001). Mai Jadawi is the entrepreneur we as a tram chose to study. She is an independent entrepreneur who started her own business revolving around organic cosmetic products. It was an opportunity she took as she felt the market offerings at the time were lacking, starting off by distributing her own products to just her friends, before expanding her business. Mai can be considered to be an opportunist, someone who through creativity and vision creates something of worth to society and the economy of Saudi Arabia. Such people are hugely driven by their vision, aiming to change the market by using new...
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...In 1990, Pat Robertson stated that, "The feminist agenda is not about equal rights for women. It is about a socialist, anti-family political movement that encourages women to leave their husbands, kill their children, practice witchcraft, destroy capitalism, and become lesbians." Twenty-four years later, these misconceptions about the movement still circulate around, creating an image problem for feminists. For most people, they fail to understand the comprehensive definition of feminism and refuse to accept the radical notion that women deserve equal rights. As Marcie Bianco from Identities.Mic said, "Feminism is legal equality for all genders. This newest wave of feminism is one that acknowledges a plethora of genders, both cisgender and transgender, within the two sexes. It also recognizes that equality is an idea that can only manifest in a legal realm." We've said this before, but it's worth saying it again: Feminism advocates for and empowers women, and, yes, also men.” The myths are perpetuated to warn women away from falling into the feminism “trap” but most of these are faulty logic that remains a constant lie. . Feminists do not hold hatred for men, believe women are...
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