...Brianne Foster ENGL 279 Dr. Aiping Zhang Term Paper Proposal The topic I’d like to explore for my term paper is the heavy gender role/ stereotypes placed on women throughout different cultures and times. I want to bring to light the moments in which women were oppressed in all aspects of their life. I am interested in this topic because I am a woman myself and although I haven’t had to deal with all the trials and tribulations as the women of these times, this is still my history. Women have always been oppressed into a stereotype, even in today’s society there are still certain stigmas on the female gender. This issue is discussed and expressed in all forms of today’s media, education, policies and so on. Many perspectives on this issue bring forth feminism acts and organizations with goals aimed towards equal rights for men and women. Without these struggles I don’t know where I’d be in today’s society. The two texts that I have selected to write my comparison on are The Awakening by Kate Chopin and Daisy Miller by Henry James to which I’ll be able to compare the bias and misery between each woman’s struggles. The questions that my research will cover will expand on the ideals and basis of the female gender role throughout history and the main concepts as to why they are placed in those realms. Within my preliminary research I have found the repetitive oppression of the women spirit and freedom. In my paper I will present my two literature selections as support for...
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...Death Penalty: How Newspaper Coverage Has Perpetuated Negative Stereotypes about Female Violence & Gender Roles Tonya Rice Capella University MPA 5416– Quantitative and Qualitative Research [ January 25, 2013 ] Dr. Gangl Introduction of the Problem Chimene Keitner argues that, “the uncritical resort to sex-role stereotypes pervades the trials, sentencing’s, and media reactions to women who receive the death penalty” (Keitner, 2002). Often, women who face the death penalty are portrayed in a negative light, for example, they are portrayed as deviant and/or unwomanly by the media. The media tends to focus on gender stereotypes, such as the notion that women are and should be having more virtuously than men and aspects that are not related to the crime and/or charge. In doing this, the media reinforces negative images of women and female violence. Since society and the media have difficulty understanding women who commit violent acts, they tend to emphasize certain characteristics of these women in order to dehumanize them. Under this mind set, society and the media/press is essentially arguing that normal women, who fit into traditional female gender roles, do not commit violent acts; and therefore, those who do are unwomanly or somehow deviant. As a result, the females that do commit violent acts are viewed negatively and the only way to understand their behavior is to cast them to the periphery of society and expose everything about them that goes against the status...
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...magazines, I explored a variety of different scholarly articles in the goal of gaining relevant knowledge that would contribute to the overall topic of my research paper. First, I used Jennifer Holt’s “Ideal Women”, which focuses on the gendered stereotype of women during the 1950’s. Holt discusses the role of a women at this time as a “domestic caregiver” and how women held responsibility within the home and childcare. the article additionally, focuses on the idea of gender construction and how societies key role in this process. Holt follows this up by saying how these gender constructions often times leads to formulate an identity. In the later half of the article holt discusses...
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...The gender wage gap is a persistent issue in the United States workforce. While many prominent researchers and government leaders have put their support behind ending the gender wage gap, there are still those that believe that the gender wage gap does not exist. I will argue that the gender wage gap does exist, what factors contribute to it, and what steps should be taken to help reduce it. The gender wage gap is the term to describe the amount women make, on average, to what men make. Generally speaking, the wages that are tabulated come from the Current Population Survey, which is a monthly report funded by the US government (Hill 6). The formula is simple: the difference of women’s wage subtracted from men’s, divided by men’s (Hill 6)....
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...about how much influence television has on a person’s mind, so in a recent research article titled “Constructing Gender Stereotypes Through Social Roles in Prime-Time Television,” written by Martha M. Lauzen, David M. Dozier, and Nora Horan, the three authors explore male and female roles on popular television shows on major broadcasting networks for the purpose of determining statistically whether or not normal male and female stereotypes are conveyed in prime-time television. Throughout this article, the authors make an argument they think is important, but in all reality, most readers would not find this information important enough to hold their full attention due to the complicated wording, biased examples, and the very repetitive information. The authors begin the article with a brief abstract which summarizes what it is the readers can expect from their article. The article is broken down into sections which separate the different topics that the authors are discussing. On the top of page 203 in the article, the authors clearly state, “Building on this previous research, the current study examines whether female and male characters continue to inhabit traditionally sex-typed roles. Such analysis is important in light of the fact that popular press accounts regularly boast about the rapid evolution of the portrayals of gender in prime-time” (Lauzen, Dozier, Horan p.203). When constructing their research, the authors used a variety of different sources to attempt to make their...
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...Annotated Bibliography & Outline for Gender Identity Paper Outline I. Introduction II. What is gender Identity? III. Gender Discrimination A. Male B. Female IV. Appearance V. Gender and Interpersonal VI. Development a. Sex role stereotypes VII. Environmental factors VIII. Conclusion Introduction Throughout this paper I will be talking about gender identity which I have done a research. I will be using different several articles that researched on gender identity and will share the information I got out of the articles. Gender identity is something that most of the time goes unnoticed and lot of people are afraid to be who they are. What is gender identity? Gender Identity (1988) Social Psychology Quarterly, Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stables/2786925 This article talks about gender identity, self-esteem, physical and sexual abuse in dating relationships. The article gives important information about gender identity. The researchers had examined the roles of gender identity and self-esteem in both physical and sexual abuse in dating relationships. Gender Discrimination Race and Gender Discrimination, (2009). Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2118176 This article focuses on gender discrimination and race on buying cars. The information presented in the article goes depth into highlighting how sellers sometimes can use race or gender to sell cars to their buyers. Example could be male via...
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...Sexism is the postulation that people of certain sex are superior to the others. The term is also used to describe compliance to the traditional stereotypes of social roles that are based on either being male or female (Plan International Australia, 2016). Any gender can be subject to sexist views, but it is women and girls who are more prone to discrimination than men. The term sexism was coined between the 1960s and the 1980s, where the civil rights movement against racism at the time modelled the use of the term. Sexist views place what either gender should do, and an often infringes on the rights of women. The term was coined in a bid to create awareness on the oppression of girls and women. However, in the 21st century, the term is used...
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...we encounter many differences in the people around us. Whether based on culture, gender, ethnicity, or age these factors all have some stereotypes attached to them. In our paper, we will discuss stereotyping, both thoughtful and non-thoughtful. We will also address stereotyping in an organization. Our society can be split up into many various groups by gender, race, or even by traits. The world consists of both men and women, blacks and whites, Democrats and Republicans, all who live their own distinct way of life. “Stereotypes are qualities perceived to be associated with particular groups or categories of people (Schneider, 2005).” We stereotype other people all the time because of gender, race, color, and we usually do not even realize it. Stereotypes are so widespread and used so often that they seem to be a natural behavior for human beings. The purpose of this paper is to give a clear explanation on stereotyping. We will evaluate the cognitive (thoughtful/non-thoughtful) approach that suggest putting people into categories is necessary in the thought process that surely sets the presidents of stereotyping. In the last 20 years our society has experienced in explosion of research and theories in stereotyping. Most information has been learned from using the difference between relatively non-thoughtful and relatively thoughtful thinking processes (Weegner, Clark, & Petty). The present research shows both thoughtful and non-thoughtful thinking leads to the same stereotypic...
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...understanding of why people communicate in different ways and it empowers the viewpoints of the marginalized (CommunicationStudies.com, 2011). The major contribution of standpoint theory is that it can be used to show how our different social locations (e.g. according to gender) provide the possibility of having different standpoints (Wood, 2009) which then affects how individuals develop particular perspectives, identities, skills, and understandings as a result of their standpoint within society. Plan’s (2011) research into gender expectations demonstrates that in many settings boys and men are encouraged to be ‘tough’, are put under pressure to be heads of households and often face institutionalized violence, much at the hands of other men through choice of profession. The...
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...Gender Roles in Teaching Liberal Studies 3000 Section 2 November 30, 2011 Abstract: This research paper covers the history of teachers in the classroom based on the factor of gender. The paper then discusses the effect that gender roles have on students, teachers and classrooms. Gender Roles in Teaching Try to think back to childhood, and ask the question how many male teachers did I have? The response to this is predominately low according to the National Education Association, who state that males only make up twenty-five percent of teachers today. It’s important for children to have teachers who are positive role models. Children benefit from having access to both male and female mentors throughout their early childhood education and school years. (Martin 2005). Currently, men make up only twenty-five percent of the elementary teaching workforce and the number of men teaching in early childhood services is even smaller. The NEA also states that at the secondary level, forty-five percent of teachers are male. It is apparent that these sectors of education need more male teachers to address this imbalance and give children the opportunity to learn from quality teachers of both genders. Children at all levels – early childhood, elementary and secondary, need positive role models so that they can become successful adults. Some of the factors that disinterest males from entering the teaching profession are: stereotyping...
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...Writing Assignment #1 – Segmentation and Consumer Research This paper examines research on segmentation and consumer behavior. Consumers can be described using geographic, benefits sought, psychographic, and behavioristic dimensions, yet demographic factors continue to be top of mind predictors or explanations of shopping patterns. Consumer segments are often described using demographic characteristics such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, income & education, and many demographic stereotypes exist about what and how consumers buy. Some stereotypes are close to the behavioral reality of today, while others are not. This paper challenges you to examine current research on segmentation and consumer behavior and shopping data from the MRI Reporter Database. To learn about recent research on segmentation and consumer behavior, particularly the demographics of age, gender or race/ethnicity, access the Business Source Premier database available through the Temple University library website and locate at least two relevant academic articles published since 2000. Relevant academic journals include Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Consumer Behavior, Journal of Retailing, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Journal of Consumer Affairs, and Young Consumers. The paper should be 3-4 pages and should use three headings in bold and underlined: Introduction; Findings From Past Research; and Conclusion. You can choose your specific topic - just pick a demographic...
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...erian novelJournal of Education and Practice ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol 2, No 4, 2011 www.iiste.org A Study on Gender Consciousness in Nigerian Autobiographical Narratives and Power of the Interview Ogunyemi, Christopher Babatunde Department of English, College of Humanities, Joseph Ayo Babalola University PMB 5006 Ilesa 233001 Osun State, Nigeria. bbcoguns2@yahoo.se Akindutire, Isaac Olusola Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education University of Ado Ekiti Ado Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria ioakindutire@yahoo.com Adelakun, Ojo Johnson Department of Economics, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, PMB 5006 Ilesa 233001, Osun State, Nigeria joadelakun@yahoo.co.uk Abstract The study explores some self-created metaphors in male autobiographical writings in Nigeria. It visualizes the negation of female gender in art. The paper investigates the dichotomy of language, the use of irony and situational metaphors to displace conventional ones; it blends theories with critical evaluation of discourse. The research uses empirical methods in solving hypothetical questions with the use of extensive and relatively unstructured interviews. It examines the interviews of twenty five people independently, these people include: University lecturers, students, administrative and technical staff. The work analyzes concurrently their interview testimonies to search for congruence. Data analysis begins with a detailed microanalysis in which emergent concepts...
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...HR Policies & Practices: Gender Diversity, Equality, & Leadership Abstract The number of women obtaining higher levels of education and positions in their careers has increased, but the number of women obtaining management and executive positions has remained stagnant. Human resource policies and practices’ follow ethical guidelines, but in practicality are more difficult to apply in the workforce. Human resource practices and policies may be influenced by the overall mindset of a company. The barriers that prevent women from achieving management and executive positions are the same barriers that prevent human resource policies and practices’ from being applied. The gaps in gender equality and wages, created by the barriers, can be discouraging to women from achieving high-level positions. Overcoming the barriers is a task in undoing the mindset that has been instilled deeply within society. Introduction Studies have shown that companies who promote female gender equality surpass their competitors on every measure of profitability, yet women are failing to attain high-level positions. Possible reasons for the persistent wage and gender gap between men and women in senior leadership positions can be found by reviewing current data on women in the workplace, studies on the correlation between gender diversity in senior management and company performance, and literature on gender behavioral differences in the workplace. Women play an increasingly significant role...
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...women and men. In 1939 to 1979 white women made less than 60 % as much as white men. The 40% gape difference decreased these days, but there is still a wage gap between men and women. There are many claims behind the reason of wage discrimination. George F. Will (2000)” Lies, Damned lies and …..” claims that the main cause of wage gap is omen’s decision to establish a family, so that force them to make comprise for raising their children and that leads them to work in flexible jobs with flexible ours that permit them to enter the fast track.. Another article by Allen Goodman (1999) “A New Campaign for Pay Equity” argues that the main reason behind low wages for women is sex discrimination. She supports her point of view by saying that the gender gap between male and female accountants is 201$ a week and bartenders is 48$. Finally, Lester C. Thurow “1981” claims that the system of promotion is the main reason behind the wage discrimination. Thurow says if men discriminate against women they are lowering their own income so there is no sex discrimination. Thurow conclude that the decade between 25 and 35 is when the person succeed in his/her life is the same decade when women think of establishing a family and leave the labor force or become a part – time worker. The system of promotion and skill acquisition extaract an enormous life time price during the decade of 25 to 35. The lack of experience of women and the system of promotion in my view are the reason behind the age gap...
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...Faculty Research Working Papers Series When Does Gender Matter in Negotiation? Hannah Riley and Kathleen L. McGinn September 2002 RWP02-036 The views expressed in the KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or Harvard University. All works posted here are owned and copyrighted by the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. 1 When Does Gender Matter in Negotiation? Hannah Riley John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University 79 JFK Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (617) 496-4717 Kathleen L. McGinn Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University Soldiers Field, Boston, MA 02163 (617) 495-6901 The authors thank Linda Babcock, Max Bazerman, Jim Sebenius and the reviewers of the 2002 Academy of Management meeting for their helpful comments on this paper. 2 3 Abstract We propose that two situational dimensions moderate gender effects in negotiation. Structural ambiguity refers to potential variation in a party’s perception of the bargaining range and appropriate standards for agreement. Gender triggers are situational factors that make gender salient and relevant to behavior or expectations. Based on a review of field and experimental data and social psychological theory on individual difference, we explain how structural ambiguity and gender triggers make negotiations ripe for gender effects. 4 Gender often...
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