...in one or more sentences (this may be a statement of theme) B. A specific reference to the title and author C. Thesis statement presenting the main idea of the paper in one sentence (should reveal a plan for the paper and a “so what”) II. Second Paragraph—Body (suggestion: follow the quotation sandwich paragraph model) A. 1st point from the thesis statement — a generalization; make a claim B. Discussion C. An example or quotation to support your generalization D. Analysis and interpretation of the supporting evidence to show how it supports the generalization in your topic sentence 1. Literary element a. Example from your quotation b. Another example from your quotation 2. Another literary element 3. Another element of style E. Concluding sentence which ties this paragraph to your thesis F. Transition statement III. Third Paragraph—Body (suggestion: follow the quotation sandwich paragraph model) A. 2nd point from the thesis statement — a generalization; make a claim B. An example or quotation to support your generalization C. Analysis and interpretation of the supporting evidence to show how it supports the generalization in your topic sentence D. Discussion of the writer’s choices E. Concluding sentence which ties this paragraph to your thesis F. Transition into next part English 102: Writing About Literature Prof. K. Delhagen IV. Fourth Paragraph—Body (suggestion:...
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...America Needs Nerds In “America Needs Nerds”, Leonid Fridman uses logical appeal, negative imagery, and tone to dispute that people are degrading nerds and there future. First, Fridman uses logical appeal to decipher how nerds are getting labeled in society. “It is telling fact about our language and our culture that someone dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge compared to a freak biting off the head of a chicken.” This example exemplifies this quote by using facts and comparisons to show what society is doing to the “nerds”. Fridman expresses how parents take sports more seriously than an education and future. “Nerds are ostracized while athletes are idolized.” The author entices the reader with logical appeal by...
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...Final Paper Outline Daphne Lawyer PHI 103: Informal Logic Instructor: Christopher Myers June 20, 2012 Hair, Tattooed, and Clothing: Stereotypes Stereotyping can be a deliberate or an unintentional generalization; an assignment of a negative or positive attribute or attributes to any group of people. It is a tool used to persuade others to a cause. Of the three groups in this assignment, politicians are unique that they will readily stereotype one another in their quest for a vote or to influence voting. By turning on your television set and seeing firsthand how rhetorical analogy and definitions, all sorts of rhetorical devices such as dysphemism euphemism, slanting, stereotyping, even phony outrage, everything read in the assigned chapters can be seen and heard within minutes of watching President debate. The fallacies used are numerous and well-beaten. Hair Stereotyping from people is seldom used independently. It is used within a series of fallacies such as the "personal attack".The ad hominem fallacy comes from the Latin term for "to the person": that is, the conclusion is to be accepted or rejected because of the person (and the characteristics of that person) involved, rather than the actual argument, or reason(s), supporting the conclusion. Arguments, about hair styles is a prime example. Just because I prefer wearing my hair short, like a man’s hair cut does mean that I’m a gay person. But in today’s society when the norms sees a woman with a man’s cut they assume...
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...stereotypes can leave with a person. There are several stereotypes that I have experienced and felt the effects of in my life. The first one being something that I first noticed years ago when I was a teenager and I still experience it from time to time in my life. I am an introvert and have been confronted with the belief that if one is introverted it means they are “snobby” or “rude”. I have always had difficulties making conversation with others, especially when it comes to small talk with people I do not know very well. One could make an argument that if someone does not appear social or contribute to conversation that they must be rude. This is not a valid argument and is based on the fallacy referred to as hasty generalization. “The fallacy of hasty generalization is committed when one has inadequate support for the conclusion, but one still jumps to a conclusion.” (Mosser, 2011, section 4.2). One may encounter someone who seems a bit more reserved and not as extroverted and conclude that maybe the person does not want to be bothered. Conversation comes easily to many people and if someone has a quieter personality there are many misconceptions that can develop. Hence, a stereotype is formed. There are flaws with this as there are those of us who have a preference for less noise and are more content observing the crowd at times. A few common misconceptions about introverts: “Introverts are shy, introverts are rude, and introverts do not like to...
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...Logical Fallacies Fallacies are all around us. We see fallacies on the television, newspapers, and radio. People around the world experience logical fallacies on almost a daily basis. A fallacy is defined as “errors or flaws in reasoning” (Axelrod and Cooper 620).Fallacies used in advertisements are; band wagon, begging the question, confusing chronology with casualty, either-or reasoning, equivocating, failing to accept the burden of proof, false analogy, hasty generalization, overreliance on authority, oversimplifying, personal attack, red herring, slanting, slippery slope, sob story, straw man. I have gathered four advertisements that have fallacies. The fallacies are slippery slope, overreliance on authority, and hasty generalization. My first finding is an advertisement with the fallacy slippery slope. The advertiser tells people “Use this 3D White collection together and get a noticeably whiter smile in just two days”. Slippery slope is defined as pretending that one thing inevitable leads to another (Axelrod and Cooper 621). The advertisement has the celebrity Shakira smiling with beautiful white teeth. It has three Crest 3D White products a toothbrush, mouthwash, and toothpaste. Advertiser say’s “Reveal your inner rock star with a 3D White smile”. Also, it claims that “life opens up with a whiter smile”. This advertisement is pretending that life will be better if people use its products. It will also supposedly make your teeth glamorous white. The toothbrush...
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...inherently not subject to manipulation example, blood type, personality, health beliefs, medical diagnosis it makes nonexperimental research studies suitable for nursing research. Also there are many variables that can technically be manipulated but manipulation is forbiden on ethical grounds. The major disadvantage is that the result obtained and the relationships between the dependent and independent variables can never be absolutely clear or error free. It is true that non experimental nursing research studies are conducted for comparative purposes using non randomly selected groups which may not be homogenous and in fact often dissimilar in different traits and characteristics’ which affects the authenticity and lead to faulty generalization of the research finding. According to Polit, D. (2014): Essentials of Nursing Research Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice (8th Edition), page 160, descriptive correlational design studies tend to describe the relationships between variables without attempting to infer the casual connection. It therefore does not explain the underlying cause of the variable of interest....
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...White PHI103: Informal Logic Dr. Pamela Klem March 26, 2012 Redrawing Lines of Understanding in America If you are in the age group of fifty and below, it is probably safe to assume that we all belong to generations that were taught tolerance and acceptance. While these lessons may be different in each generation, each has had to overcome prejudiced views of any particular group of people. During the 1960’s America came into a moment of trials, in which we began to deal with racial segregation and its wrongs; during this time of troubles both whites and blacks were faced with stereotypes of each other that still linger today. While latter generations as a whole dealt with different hasty generalizations on its own, the lingering misunderstandings of each different ethnic group and its own cultures still brood among us. Realizing this I self-reflected on my own quick judgment of people who are different from me. Pointing out such things as guys with long hair, people wearing baggy clothes, jobless people, and extreme liberals; why did I have detest them or have these preconceived notions about them? Are these ideas I have factual or are they based on my own fallacious thoughts? We can all think of some drawn conclusion we have arrived at based on someone’s appearance, demeanor or attainment in life. It is human nature, our way of categorizing things to make sense of our world; we receive information, compare it to known knowledge...
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...Advertisements are all over the place. They are on T.V, Radio, Magazine, buses stop and in everywhere, so there is no way that you can’t watch them. Every advertisement has it target to convince their audience to buy their products. They have their own way to convince the audience to buy the products. McDonalds, Audi and Nike, they are different ads, but they are related in one thing which is the speed factor. The reason that I chose these advertisements because it is an attract for most people if they are male or female, teenager or old. We are in fast generation and no one wants to spend time on doing something. Another reason is the quality of the products in the ads. Claim: Using these products make your life easy and fast Support: Nike shoe makes the person the fastest in the world when he/she run. Sometimes people don’t have the time to cook their own foods, so the easiest way is go to McDonald and buy their products. So when you eat from McDonald it is like riding the Audi car. Warrant: These products are making your life fast. Advertisements encourage consumer to buy quality products. They want people to be connivance to buy quality products. The first ad is about MacDonald fast food. The meaning of this ad is MacDonald products make your life easier by buying from MacDonald because their products can be prepared and served quickly. This advertisement is appeal to consumers by pathos. Some People are full time job and they don’t have enough time to prepare their...
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...Essay for analysis Berthilde Banks Itt-Technical Institute Rush Limbaugh “The latest from the Feminist Front” In “the Latest from the feminist Front”, Rush Limbaugh’ main point and central claim is that “feminist was established in order for unattractive women could have easier access to the mainstream of society” and he also tells us that even though many people disagree on his position, it is the truth. He goes on to say that, “feminist leadership is basically anti-male”. And that is the big picture that Rush Limbaugh is trying to portray to us. The smaller narrower picture he is drawing for us is that strong feminist leaders are making it so that when any man tries to show, “any expression of interest in a woman it is harassment”. Mr. Limbaugh says, this is a turn will eventually be trailed upon by problems. These problems he says that will arise are sub claims of the claim that he has made . one of the sub claims that he states in this article, which will happen is that “men will become fearful about making any advances to women”. This meaning that men will reach the state where they will not be able to make differences between what is a friendly gesture or what would be considered a sexually oriented gesture. What approach is, or is not okay to initiate toward women. Another problem sub claim he states, which may or may not happen is that “with this trend he trivializes that some try to confuse casual flirts, and sexually interested gesture for real sexual harassment...
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...for your memory can’t actually be proven 100%. I do find this source to be credible based off of the information that is given. This article is broken up into sections that talk about the main effects of marijuana usage. It lists statistics throughout the article and studies that have been conducted. However, I do believe they are only taking one side where marijuana can be useful in a lot of cases not mentioned here. It isn’t all negatives when it comes to marijuana usage. I do not believe that any rhetorical devices were used by this author. The author stuck to simple details and studies, and did not go on exaggerating or relating marijuana use to anything other than the details. I think that the fallacy, hasty generalization was used throughout this article. Mainly because this fallacy makes the assumption that a whole group or idea is a certain way because of a small amount of sources. In this article they provide all negative effects of marijuana use, when we all know that there are medically proven studies that...
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...athlete or a good student. Children can be both good at athletics and good at academics. There are many very intelligent well educated athletes. There are just as many athletically talented academics. Either/Or 3. Any change in healthcare will lead to socialism; we don’t want to live in a socialist country, so we can’t reform health care in any way. To say that reforming healthcare would completely change how society operates is a giant leap. There can be healthcare reform without creating a socialist United States. Slippery Slope 4. All teenagers’ text while they drive, therefore we should raise the driving age to 21. To say all teenagers is an inaccurate generalization. To raise the driving age to 21 would solve the problem of teen texting while driving is not logical. Hasty Generalization 5. If we don’t all drive hybrid cars, the world will end in the next decade of environmental damage. There is no evidence to support a claim that the world will end in 10 years if we do not all switch to hybrid vehicles. The statement goes straight to the most dramatic result conceivable however unlikely it is. Slippery Slope 6. Senator Range has been seen entering a strip club; therefore his economic reforms are not plausible Though perhaps immoral to some, such action has no bearing on the ability of the Senator to create plausible economic reform. One of these actions is part of personal life, the other is an action specific to professional life. Red...
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...Anthony Batista Professor Black ENGL 102 06-06-2012 On the Border Is protecting our borders necessary? For the sake of argument, we can all agree some level of protection is necessary. A hasty generalization, perhaps, but let’s continue nonetheless. The real question becomes-- to what extent should we secure our borders? Here is where we reach a fork in the river. On one side, you have the conservative right-wing view, pushing to secure our borders at all costs. On the other side, is the liberal left-wing view, advocating for leniency when it comes to securing our borders. Let’s start with the conservative viewpoint. In the article “At the Border, on the Night Watch”, Marc Lacey reports on decreased border crossings in the border town of Douglas, Arizona. For example, “no matter the dire rhetoric often heard in political circles, crossings at this stretch of border are nowhere near what they once were” (Lacey). This is a good example of a slippery slope fallacy appealing to the fear factor (i.e. claim that a certain way of thinking or acting will necessary lead to more of the same). Proponents for border patrol argue an increase in staffing serve as a deterrent to thwart border crossings and help to apprehend drug traffickers, which ignores the possibilities of lesser financial incentive due to a weaker U.S. economy for immigrants or perhaps, more attractive crossing routes elsewhere. Another argument of proponents is improved fencing. For example, “Douglas used...
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...Being Part of Something Bigger The quote by Albert Einstein talks of human beings being disconnected from the Universe. Implying that we care only about ourselves and those closest to us he disregards the capacity for human empathy. Referring to our attitudes as prisons that keep us from seeing and appreciating the rest of the world, he suggests we can free ourselves by opening up our hearts and minds, embracing all creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty. Admitting we may never reach this lofty goal, he admits that simply the pursuit of it would be a great improvement. I see the quote as a hasty generalization although there is certainly value in thinking of all living creatures as we see ourselves. More involvement not only in other people but in all living things would at the least establish a connection that may make us think before we act. When he describes us as delusional I would disagree. Delusional implies we don’t even consider the consequences of actions. I see us less as delusional and more as self- centered. When he talks of “a part limited in time and space”, he seems to believe that if we were around the planet longer we may have a better appreciation for the devastation we are responsible for. I see that as a valid point. Although I think we see all that is around us I don’t think we consider the cause and effect of our actions. If each of us would experience a loss of our ecosystem that was tangible to us personally then we would probably...
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...Heller claims that Yee’s arguments are well-judged and supported by analytics. However, he fails to elaborate on what is meant by well-judged and does not prove any of Yee’s points to be credible. While this is an article regarding Yee’s court case, the author seems fixated on Yee’s previous work. He highlights Yee’s past achievements and praises him highly, even going as far as saying “Yee is something of a cinematic prodigy” and “It is easy to lose a lunch hour in such homemade productions”. Heller’s overall tone and description regarding Yee makes it clear that he favours Yee in many ways and this discredits his argument greatly. Heller’s ignorance regarding cultural and political complexities in Singapore leads him to make hasty generalizations about Singapore and Singaporeans. Heller claims that Singapore is “a society that tends to disdain intellectual risk” and that Singapore “has a well-guarded culture of political deference”. It is clear that the Heller has little knowledge of Singapore’s political history and the complex culture within Singapore and makes...
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...have the most-lucrative outcome. Upon reading (Cappelli) article “Why Focusing Too Narrowly in College Could Backfire” I found his text to be ineffective and off point due to his hasty generalizations, genetic fallacies and ignoring the common cause. Peter (Cappelli) “Why Focusing Too Narrowly in College Could Backfire” suggest the shaky economy’s job market is reason enough not to decide on a specific educational path. The end goal for parents and students alike is achieving a job in their field of study right out of college. Carpelli argues that the road to achieving this goal is constantly changing and suggest that students are often pressured to choose an educational path by parents due to the rising cost of education. He continues to inform the reader that choice of school plays a big role in the success of their education. Logically if a student has no clue what the degree they are trying to obtain is, how will they pursue the proper course to work on that degree. In the end the student may have spent more money on classes that don’t work with a specified career path the student is interested. While I feel that Cappelli has brought up many topics for parents and students to discuss before making a final decision, I found his article ineffective and off point to his hasty generalizations, genetic fallacies and ignoring the common cause of why picking a specific field too soon could backfire....
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