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German Pluralbildung

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Категория числа Имена существительные

|Имеющие только единственное число |Имеющие и единственное и множественное число |Имеющие только множественное число |
|(Singulariatantum) | |(Pluraliatantum) |
|die Kälte |die Frau – die Frauen | |
|das Obst |das Bett – die Betten |die Eltern |
|der Unterricht |der Tag – die Tage |die Leute |
| | |die Ferien |
|В русском языке много Pluraliatantum , которым в немецком языке соответствуют существительные с обеими формами числа: |
|die Uhr – die Uhren – часы |
|die Hose – die Hosen – брюки |
|die Brille – die Brillen – очки |
|die Schere – die Scheren - ножницы |

Типы образования множественного числа

|(-̈) e |- en |(- ̈) er |(-̈) |-s |

Образование множественного числа имён существительных по родам

|F E M I N I N U M |
| - ̈ e | -en* | - ̈ er | ( ̈ )- | -s |
|Некоторые |Все остальные | |die Mutter- die Mütter|die Bar |
|односложные |1.Односложные | |die Tochter – die |die Kamera |
|die Nacht –Nächte |Die Uhr- Uhren | |Töchter | |
|die Stadt |Die Frau – Frauen | | | |
|die Bank | | | | |
|die Wand |2.Многосложные | | | |
|die Angst |Die Zeitung - Zeitungen | | | |
|die Hand |Die Fakultät –Fakultäten | | | |
|die Wurst |Die Schwester - Schwestern | | | |
|die Frucht | | | | |
|die Nuss | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | |Cокращенные слова: |
| | | | |die Mutti |
| | | | |die Oma |
| | | | |die Uni |
| | | | | |

|M A S K U L I N U M |
| - ̈ e * | -en | - ̈ er | ( ̈ )- | -s |
|1.Односложные |1.Все сущ. СЛАБОГО склонения |ЗАПОМНИТЬ |Сущ. на –ER, - EL,|Der Klub |
|Der Sohn –Söhne |Der Junge, | |-EN |Der Park |
|Der Tag – Tage |der Student |Der Mann |Der Vater | |
| |der Planet |Der Mund |Der Garten | |
|2.Многосложные Интернациональные | |Der Wald |Der Löffel | |
|Der Dialog |2. Сущ. на –or |Der Gott | | |
|Der Palast |Der Traktor |Der Reichtum | | |
| | |Der Irrtum | | |
| |3. ЗАПОМНИТЬ | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Der Schmerz | | | |
| |Der See | | | |
| |Der Staat | | | |
| |Der Nachbar | | | |
| |Der Typ | | | |
| |Der Vetter | | | |

|N E U T R U M |
| - ̈ e | -en | - ̈ er | ( ̈ )- | -s|
|1.Односложные |1.ЗАПОМНИТЬ |Односложные |1.Сущ. на |Das Auto |
|Das Heft – Hefte |Das Bett |das Kind |–ER, -EL, -EN |Das Kino |
|Das Jahr – Jahre |Das Hemd |das Land |das Fenster |Das Hotel |
| |Das Auge |das Buch |das Viertel | |
|2.Многосложные интернациональные |Das Ohr | |das Kissen | |
|Das Problem |Das Herz | | | |
|Das Plakat |Das Insekt | |2. Сущ. на –chen, | |
| |Das Interesse Das Ende | |-lein | |
| |Das Verb | |das Mädchen | |
| | | |das Büchlein | |
| |2. Cущ. на | | | |
| |-um, -ion, -a | | | |
| |Das Museum-Museen | | | |
| |Das Stadion-Stadien | | | |
| |Das Thema-Themen | | | |

Условные обозначения:

*- типичный (основной) способ образования множественного числа для данного рода.

(-̈) – от некоторых существительных Plural образуется с помощью умлаута, от других – без умлаута.

Pluralbildung
Образование множественного числа имен существительных

I. Распределите имена существительные по типам образования множественного числа (Ordnen Sie zu).
¨-e -en ¨-er ¨- -s

a) der Mann Satz Traktor Herd Apfel Junge Flur Klub Ball Laborant Balkon Wald Park Platz Tipp Korridor

b) das Mädchen Ei Kino Brötchen Laboratorium Brot Formular Getränk Telefon Hobby Gewicht Auto Thema Land Theater Lied

c) die Zeit Zwiebel Stadt Wand Mutter Kartoffel Zeitschrift Nummer Party Tochter Firma Wurst U-Bahn E-Mail Million Universität See Schülerin

II. ¨–е или –еп ( ¨–e oder –en? )
a) der Soldat, Offizier, General, Matrose, Admiral, Kommandeur, Kommissar, Leutnant, Major, Kapitän, Polizist, Milizionär, Bandit, Agent, Spion, Revolutionär, Provokateur;
b) der Student, Rektor, Dozent, Professor, Dekan, Pädagoge, Aspirant, Linguist, Kandidat, Doktor, Abiturient, Lektor;
c) das Interesse, Mikroskop, Programm, Album, Insekt, Kabinett, Gymnasium, Drama, Stadion, Herz, Fax, Verb, Tier, Problem.

III. ¨- , -en или ¨–e? ( ¨- , -en oder ¨–e?)
a) der Agronom, Programmierer, Dirigent, Poet, Politiker, Sänger, Jongleur, Sekretär, Fotograf, Jurist, Advokat, Musiker, Tierarzt, Psychologe, Musikant, Chauffeur, Sportler, Redakteur, Journalist;
b) der Belorusse, Ukraíner, Franzose, Amerikaner, Europäer, Asiat, Afrikaner, Engländer, Chinese, Japaner, Belgier, Pole, Bulgare, Spanier, Jtaliener.

IV.Образуйте формы множественного числа (Wie ist die Plural?): die Wand die Bar das Haus die Freude der Wald die Beere die Maus der Freund der Mann der Kuchen der Name der Zahn der Mensch die Küche die Nase der Zar die Stadt der Tisch das Ohr die Arbeit der Staat die Tasche die Uhr der Beruf

V. Напишите слова с противоположным значением (Schreiben Sie das Gegenteil). die Kinder – die Eltern die Tanten – die Damen – die Väter – die Nichten – die Frauen – die Töchter – die Kusinen – die Mädchen – die Brüder – die Omas –

VI. Напишите слова, обозначающие отрезки времени, с определенным артиклем и формой множественного числа (Schreiben Sie folgende Substantive mit dem bestimmten Artikel und der Pluralform).
Sekunde Morgen Woche Sonntag
Minute Abend Wochenende Mittwoch
Stunde Vormittag Monat Winter
Tag Mittag Jahreszeit Frühling
Nacht Nachmittag Jahr Herbst

VII. Допишите суффиксы множественного числа (Ergänzen Sie die Pluralsuffixe). die Netz.. die Foto.. die Fakultät.. die Handy.. die Tafel.. die Landschaft.. die Ärztin.. die Salat.. die Möglichkeit.. die Seminar.. die Pilot.. die Detektiv.. die Pionier.. die Bär.. die Examinator.. die Komsomolze.. die Partei.. die Kosmonaut.. die Akademie.. die Fabrik.. die Überraschung..

VIII. Дополните предложения именами существительными в Dativ Plural. (Ergänzen Sie die Sätze durch Substantive im Plural.)
1. Blumen schenkt man gewöhnlich … und… .
2. Puppen schenkt man …, kleine Autos und Busse … .
3. Der Lehrer erklärt das Thema …, der Dozent …, der Professor … .
4. Die Mutter kauft Geschenke … .
5. Der Schuldirektor spricht mit …, …, … .
6. Studenten fahren zum Unterricht mit… .
7. Schöne Frauen gefallen … .
8. Kuchen und Schokolade schmecken … .
9. SMS schickt man … .
10. Studenten studieren an den …, Schüler lernen in den … .

IX. Напишите все существительные в Plural. (Schreiben Sie die Substantive im Plural.)
1. Im Zoo sind viele Tiere: ein Löwe, ein Tiger, ein Krokodil, ein Elefant, eine Antilope, eine Giraffe, ein Hase, ein Affe.
2. Peter und Lea haben eine Katze, einen Hund, einen Papagei, einen Goldfisch, einen Igel, ein Meerschweinchen.
3. Auf dem Tisch liegen ein Messer, ein Löffel, eine Gabel und stehen ein Teller, ein Glas, eine Tasse und eine Vase.
4. In der Stadt gibt es eine Schule, eine Poliklinik, einen Kindergarten, eine Apotheke, ein Krankenhaus, eine Bibliothek, ein Cafe, ein Restaurant, ein Kino, ein Geschäft, einen Markt, ein Hotel, ein Museum.
5. Jeder Schüler hat ein Buch, ein Heft, einen Kugelschreiber, eine Mappe, ein Lineal.
6. Für die Wohnung braucht man eine Gardine, eine Lampe, ein Bild, einen Teppich, einen Fernseher, einen Computer, einen Kühlschrank, eine Waschmaschine.

X. Дополните предложения. (Ergänzen Sie.)
1. Die Zimmer haben Ecken, …, …, …, … .
2. Jede Frau hat im Schrank Kleider, …, …, …, …, … .
3. Im Möbelgeschäft verkauft man Tische, …, …, …, …, …, … .
4. Im Sportgeschäft kauft man Bälle, …, …, … .

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