...Germany’s economic activity regarding there national output and employment/unemployment rates. Being one of Europe's largest national economies Germany has had some recent trouble concerning their national output. Their GDP took a decline in the second quarter of 2014 and news came that “the government this week slashed its official growth forecasts from 1.8% to 1.2% for 2014, and from 2% to 1.3% for 2015” economist (2014). Being a manufacturing industrial giant with companies such as Volkswagen, Bosch, Nivea and numerous more the fact its exports dropped by 5.8% in august shows that this could have been partial reason to the GDP decline. Germany realise heavily on the export of the goods they produce within its country's borders so any decline in this will have a definite affect on the countries economy and as we can see this is what has happened here. The graph below shows Germany's recent forecast of exports which has plunged in the second half of 2014 to -5.8%. Another factor would be Germany’s adjustments on their fiscal policy “a sharp decline in capital investments contributed to a 0.2 percent contraction in the second quarter” Reuters (2014). With the country having a successful surplus in the first half of 2014 it would be expected for Germany to put more investment into the country's infrastructure to maximise growth and help benefit other European countries. Germany has not attempted this and other European countries are raising this issue that its affecting...
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...Germany & Economic Stagnation in the Post-Millennium Since the reconstruction of Germany in the 1950’s, the country had been continually expanding economically, until it had become a manufacturing power base in Europe, a country that can compete with countries the likes of the United States and Japan. However in recent years, German re-unification and changing global economic conditions have caused this economic growth to slow down, until it has become stagnated at the current point in time. I will be looking at the different institutions present in Germany that have contributed to the country’s economic performance, how they actually helped, and why now certain institutions, and certain changing conditions, are now constraining the economic growth into utter stagnation. Perhaps what differs Germany to many other countries is its constitution. Like many other countries, it guarantees the rights of its citizens. However, it goes one step further, committing private property for the public good. This has important consequences for the German economy and its society. The main idea behind the German economic model is that it mustn’t be thought of as a “free market”, such as the economic models that can be seen in the United Kingdom and the United States. It should rather be more seen as a “social market”. This enshrines the core of German economic ideology - that the economy and the society are interconnected and depend on one another. German businesses have the responsibility...
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...The Stresemann years of 1924-29 have often been portrayed as the “golden years” of Weimar Germany; however this idea has been challenged my many historians. During this period there was an element of political calm but it was mainly typified by political inaction and a failure of coalition governments to agree on any important issues. Economic development did occur but was minimal, and the period was one of slow economic growth and “relative stagnation”. Similarly, there were several signs of social progress and cultural development, but the years were significantly characterised by cultural polarisation. Therefore the blanket statement: “Germany experienced a period of political calm, economic development and social progress in the mid 1920s” ignores the problems in Weimar Germany at this time and is therefore not entirely correct, each clause contains some validity. In politics, there was a clear reduction in extra-parliamentary attempts opposing the government and political system. This was particularly significant as the preceding 1919-23 period was characterised by such threats from the Left and Right of the political spectrum, for example the Spartacist uprising, the Kapp Putsch and the Beer Hall Putsch. However, the mid 1920s cannot be said to have been years of political stability. Despite the reduction in threats to the Weimar state, the parliamentary system failed to mature and develop - a political stagnation developed, not a political calm. Seven governments...
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...D. Analysis Reda Belmaachi Question: To what extent was economic development from 1815 – 1871 the most influential in causing the unification of Germany in January 1871? D. Analysis The German economy of 1815 was a disaster, lacking industry and urban areas. Throughout this time the states in Germany started industrializing. The state that played a great role in industrialization of German states was Prussia, its economic policy facilitated trade and economic expansion in Germany. Prussia was also in the main control of the Zollverin, who controlled most of German states. The zollverein was a custom union that involved all the Germans state economic involvement. This also caused a growth of German national consciousness, meaning German states could compare their status in the policy compared to other states, and reflect whether they would be stronger economically stronger or alone. Through the era of the 19Th century, German states developed communication and shipping, largely grew in capital and machine industry, and developed industrially. By the end of 1871 all the German states and especially Prussia, would make the greatest industrial nation of Europe if they combined, and all this economic increase also made nationalism increase. Throughout the summary of evidence, we learn that the economy and especially the industry were rapidly increasing from 1815 to 1871. This expansion formed a sort of bond with all the German states. The states knew if they could combine...
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...‘Germany experienced a period of political calm, economic development and social progress in the mid-1920s? How far do you agree with this judgement? (30 marks) It is argued by many historians that Germany experience a period of political calm, economic development and social progress in the mid 1920s for a variety of reasons. There is evidence to support the claim that the economy developed in the mid 1920s, due to the fact that there was significant monetary stability and a growth in available capital. Furthermore, one can argue that social progression was achieved, as a result of the improvement in housing and public health and the development of a Weimar culture. Moreover, it can be argued that political stability was maintained in this period due to the outcome of the 1924 May elections, the Dawes plan and the election of Hindenburg as President. However, while this is true, it is important to remember that there is also sufficient evidence to support the view that Germany did not experience a period of political calm, economic development and social progress as economic instability contributed to the deterioration in social development, as the economic discord between employers and labourers resulted in polarisation. Moreover, the extent of social development in terms of the role of women, youths and the development of the constitution is highly debatable. Additionally, it can be argued that political stability was weakened due to the Young Plan, the 1928 May election...
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...The Stresemann years of 1924-29 have often been portrayed as the “golden years” of Weimar Germany; however this idea has been challenged my many historians. During this period there was an element of political calm but it was mainly typified by political inaction and a failure of coalition governments to agree on any important issues. Economic development did occur but was minimal, and the period was one of slow economic growth and “relative stagnation”. Similarly, there were several signs of social progress and cultural development, but the years were significantly characterised by cultural polarisation. Therefore the blanket statement: “Germany experienced a period of political calm, economic development and social progress in the mid 1920s” ignores the problems in Weimar Germany at this time and is therefore not entirely correct, each clause contains some validity. In politics, there was a clear reduction in extra-parliamentary attempts opposing the government and political system. This was particularly significant as the preceding 1919-23 period was characterised by such threats from the Left and Right of the political spectrum, for example the Spartacist uprising, the Kapp Putsch and the Beer Hall Putsch. However, the mid 1920s cannot be said to have been years of political stability. Despite the reduction in threats to the Weimar state, the parliamentary system failed to mature and develop - a political stagnation developed, not a political calm. Seven governments...
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...4,6,10 Questions Describe the problems facing Germany 1919-1921 After the war there were many problems facing Germany; the idea of a democracy, the threat from the left and the threat from the right. One left wing group was a communist party known as the sparticists. They were led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. They argued strongly against the views the Weimar Republic leader Ebert policies. Early in 1919 the Sparticists launched their bid for power, joined by ex-soldiers and sailors they seized control of many towns. The Kaiser had been exiled and the allies made Germany have a democracy therefore the birth of the Weimar Republic. Many Germans though were against this as they were used to the old German ways; this caused much civil unrest and led to many acts of violence. The treaty of Versailles was created this was very outrageous for many Germans for example Germany had to accept responsibility for the war. The Germans thought that the Weimar Republic had stabbed Germany in the back. Finally the threat from the right these people liked the Kaisers way of rule and did not like the idea of democracy this caused even more unrest and caused riots in the future. These people were called the Freikorps. The leader Dr Wolfgang Kapp. Explain why the trench occupation of the ruhr causes problems for Germany in 1923 In January in 1923 French and Belgium troops entered the Ruhr to try and take resources for Germany to pay back their debt. The results of the occupations...
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...Gustav Streismann, elected chancellor of Germany in 1923, had several problems facing him. Due to their defeat in the First World War, Germany was forced to sign the treaty of Versailles, which was very unpopular. This resulted in problems as Germany was unable to keep to some of the treaty. Germany’s economic problems in 1923 stemmed from the treaty of Versailles: one of the points of the treaty was that Germany had to pay reparations to France, Belgium and the United Kingdom as a payment for the allies’ loss in the war. However, the huge sum of 132000 million marks was practically impossible for Germany to pay, especially after the devastation of the First World War, when a lot of the country’s money had been spent on industry, making war materials. France and Belgium saw this as a refusal to keep to the terms of the treaty; they therefore invaded the Ruhr (the part of Germany where its industries were) to take the money by force. The Germans could not resist this invasion physically as their arms had been dramatically reduced by the treaty of Versailles. Instead, they fought back by passive resistance and refused to work for their occupiers. But, as they weren’t working, they didn’t get paid – so the Weimar government began to print millions of marks to keep up their payment. Consequently, the German economy spiralled into massive hyperinflation – in November 1928, one egg cost 80000 million German marks. Workers’ wages simply could not keep up with the rate of inflation...
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...Educational System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Famous Historical Germans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Landshut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Geography Located in north Central Europe, Germany is one of the continent’s largest and most populated nations. Germany border is made up of 9 neighboring European countries and also includes northern sea borders contained by the North Sea and Baltic Sea, and a southern border including...
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...COMPETENCY OF GERMAN WORKFORCE There are eleven Universities of Excellence in Germany in addition to several other mediocre and decent Universities. These top Universities have highly competitive students analogous to any university world-wide in the Engineering field. We would definitely look at recruiting graduates from these universities to make sure we have good-performing technical workers for our IT consulting firm. Those Universities are : RWTH Aachen, FU Berlin, HU Berlin, Uni Bremen, Uni Cologn, TU Dresden, Uni Heidelberg, Uni Konstanz, LMU Munich, TU Munich and Uni Tübingen. (The Top 25 best Universities in Germany - engineering and beyond n.d.) The following are the top 5 Business schools in Germany : Münster School of Business Administration and Economics, Humboldt University Berlin Business School, Christian A. lbrechts Universität zu Kiel, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, Leipzig Graduate School of Management. (Germany n.d.). We look forward to recruiting graduates from these Business schools as well for our Managerial positions. AVAILABILITY OF TALENT: The number of engineering students in Germany is growing slightly. Around 40,000 will graduate this year from the engineering schools(up about 5000 from five years ago) (Germany Faces a Shortage of Engineers 2011). Among the older group of workforce, Germany has 6.3 percentage of skilled individuals in the industrialized world. Among the young...
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...It could be argued from one’s perspective that the Treaty of Versailles was the main significant force responsible for the political and economic collapse of stability in Weimar Germany. Furthermore another angle of this debate could blame alternative factors for political and economic stability between the years 1919-23 such as the forming of coalition governments causing political instability and the famous Occupation of the Ruhr causing so called economic instability. Firstly it could be argued that the Treaty of Versailles was the leading factor which caused political instability. A significant element of the Treaty of Versailles which was known as Article 231 stated Germany must admit to starting WW1. This angered the German people. Despite at that moment in time German people united against article 231 and were a collective unit by the time 6 months had passed it was a completely different set of events. The Reichstag were issued an ultimatum to sign the Treaty (all of its terms) or be bombed. Germany understandably had no choice but to sign it. However the government felt no need to explain the Ultimatum to the public which made the public think the government were corrupt which developed the well known “stab in the back” theory. The people felt a sense of betrayal from the politicians which severely threatened the existence and support of the Weimar government, which suggest that it is fairly accurate to assume the Treaty of Versailles was mainly responsible for political...
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...Germany officially the (Federal Republic of Germany) Is a federal parliamentary republic in western-central Europe. It includes 16 constituent states and covers an area of 357,021 square kilometers (137,847 sq mi) with a largely temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and largest city is Berlin. With 81 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state in the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular migration destination in the world. Various Germanic tribes have occupied northern Germany since classical antiquity. Germany(Flag) A region named Germania was documented before 100 CE. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. The rise of Pan-Germanys inside the German Confederation resulted in the states in 1871 into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic. The establishment of the Third Reich in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After 1945, Germany split into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a great power and has the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP, as well as the fifth-largest by PPP. As a global...
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...Was Germany any closer to being unified by 1849? The period from 1815-1849 is often described as “time period where nothing happened” in terms of unification, this can be seen with Germany remaining divided by 1849. However, throughout this period there was significant steps that both enhanced, and hindered how close Germany was to being unified, these include economic changes with the Prussian customs union, political changes within the congress of Vienna and social changes through the 1848-49 revolutions. There were significant economic changes throughout the period from 1815-1849, most importantly the creation of the Prussian customs union in 1818 that then went on to become the Zollverein in 1834. This was done after the Napoleonic war and the following peace brought fierce competition from British goods and the poor harvest of 186-17, it was intended to develop trade in the post war slump with neighbouring states by linking the German key rivers with the Rhine, Main and Danube. The states were also linked with the building off 2,800km of new road. “Prussia’s policy was deliberately aggressive and designed to enrich itself” this led to a trade war which Prussia soon won, and by 1834 rival trade zones joined with the customs union to create the single Zollverein. It can be argued that this brought Germany close to unification as it gave Prussia, the only nation capable of overcoming Austria’s opposition to unification economic power. The Zollverein also brought Germany...
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...Introduction: The country that I have chosen to discuss for the purpose of this assignment is Germany. I have been to Germany before, their lifestyle and the way in which they operate their businesses on a day to day basis is highly intriguing to me. By choosing this country to research for this essay I will hopefully gain a deeper knowledge and insight into the differences between Germany and Ireland and the factors which make Germany so unique. In this essay I will look at and explain in detail the Macro Environmental factors and by using the P.E.S.T Analysis I will look at the Political, Economic, Socio Cultural and Technological factors of Germany. I will discuss what the change drivers are within the environment and what implications they have had on the country in terms of opportunities and threats that they may present to Businesses. Background: Germany is located in central Europe. Its’ largest city which also is the capital is named Berlin. It is home to over 80 million people, which makes it the most inhabited country in the European Union today. Germany is a major leader and extremely influential in terms of economics and politics within Europe. It is one of the most powerful leaders in many different ways and has lots to offer. Germany has a powerful history which of course has had a huge effect on how things are operated there today and the way in which they work. Germany currently holds its place as the fourth largest economy by GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in the...
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...In the 1920’s, particularly in the year 1921. Munich, Germany was realing from the draining defeat in WWI. Germany as a whole was trying to get back on their feet economically by first in the way of social spending. Unfortunately for the citizens of Germany they were experiencing a social spending rate that was astronomical and still rising. After so long the government of Germany was relying on tax revenues which were from income. At that point they found themselves depending more on state trade and property tax than anything else. As the 20’s progressed in Germany and the economic structure crumbled further they were looking for the light at the end of the tunnel. By this time a very evil entity named Adolf Hilter was starting his ascent...
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