1). a. Selective incorportation is the process by which provisions of the Bill of Rights are brought within the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment and so applied to state and local governments. b. Privacy rights have been incorporated with the Supreme Court decision, Roe v. Wade, where women's right to an abortion was being decided on. After much thought and consideration on whether to declare the Texas statues unconstituional, the Supreme Court decided in a 6-3 decision that they were unconstitutional. This was on the basis that they interfered with women's privacy and the privacy of a woman and her physician. Rights of criminal defense have been incorporated with the Supreme Court decision, Gideon v. Wainwright, where Clarence Earl Gideon, who was arrested for breaking into a pool hall, was forced to conduct his own defense, as he couldn't afford …show more content…
a. One measure taken by some states prior to the the 1960s that affected African American turnouts was poll taxes. Poll taxes were payments required to condition for voting. This reduced African American turnout as while everyone would have to pay this tax, African Americans would have the lower paying positions in societym while white people tended to make more. So while the tax wouldnt be bad, or nearly anything to most of white society, most African Americans wouldn't be able to afford this tax, and therefore couldn't vot Another measure taken was literacy tests, which would require applicants to demostrate that they understood the state and national constitutions and were of good character. While this affected poor white society, this was more commonly used t discriminate against African Americans. African Americans were usually asked far more difficult questions than white voters, were judged more harshly and were asked questions in a way of speaking more common and understandable to white society than to African Americans. This would lead to it being very difficult for African Americans to pass those