...Woman is Fickle: A Modern Comparison By Jonathon Davis Dr. Michael J. Pendowski Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama November 13th, 2010 Verdi’s “La donna è mobile,” translated into “Woman is fickle”, puts onto display many popular key musical elements of the 19th century that are still very much alive in today’s modern music. Giuseppe Verdi utilizes several trends in music of the day to create the masterpiece that we still recognize today, despite the immense time gap. The piece is written about a woman whose mind constantly changes direction and leaves her admirers constantly pursuing in vain. Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) was an Italian world class composer of operas during the height of the Romantic period. This piece is widely considered his most notable work, but considering all of his great operas still performed to this day, to place anything as his “most notable” would be an understatement. His career took off with Nabucco, which he wrote after the death of his children and wife, and was able to write masterpiece after masterpiece, even into his twilight years. Verdi died with twenty-eight operas on his resume, many of which are still performed today. Most of Verdi’s inspiration came from the works of Shakespeare, with the opera Macbeth as an example. Verdi also incorporated political messages into his operas, as Italy was leaving Austrian Hapsburg rule at the time. A chorus of Nabucco is still considered an Italian patriotic theme. The opera that this piece...
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...Unification of Italy Q: Describe & Explain the Unification of Italy. The Unification of Italy divides in to 3 main stages: 1815-1830: Revolts all over Italy. Revolts are suppressed. 1848-1849: Revolts all over Italy. Revolts are suppressed. 1858-1870: The unification of Italy Introduction To understand the unification of Italy, matters before the revolution need to be examined. Up until 1716, Italy was just a big piece of land divided among small kingdoms of monarchs. (ref. H.O. #1 p.29) When napoleon Bonaparte conquered Italy, he left them 3 things, which were probably the key characteristics in the revolution: - Efficient Government. - A practical demonstrations of the benefits from a unified Italy - Hatred towards foreign influence. After the fall of Napoleon, the major European powers (Austria, Russia, Spain, United Kingdom, & Prussia) what was to be done with Italy, which was conquered at the time by Napoleon. It was thus decided that Italy would be divided among different monarchs, all associated with the Habsburgs (except for Piedmont Sardinia, which was to be ruled by Victor Emmanuel, an independent monarch, and Papal States, ruled by the pope.). (ref. H.O. #1 p. 29-30) Austria had very strong domination over Italy. It had agreements with Ferdinand, king of Kingdom of the 2 Sicilies, and helped the pope maintain his kingdom. Only Piedmont Sardinia wasn't influenced by Austria (ref. H.O. #1 p. 30). 1815 - 1830 Revolution Almost all "'Italians"...
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...Count Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi both contributed heavily to the Italian unification process. Each of them contributed differently. Garibaldi was more military minded and brought together forces like the red shirts to oppose the Austrian influence with force. Cavour becoming the Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia in 1852 had more of a political stance on unification, Cavour was very ‘tunnel minded’ he was only focused on the welfare of Piedmont; he believed piedmont should be the centre of a united Italian infrastructure. Cavour spent his career improving infrastructure, stabilizing economy and strengthening Peidmont. He built a new railway system in Italy and started a newspaper known as II Risorgemento which spread nationalist feeling in the country and the prepared the people for unification. He believed in a constitutional monarchy and made Italian unification evident at the Paris Peace Conference. Garibaldi was firmly against foreign intervention which caused the two to clash when it came to any coalition efforts. Cavour’s ideology led him to arrange the Plombieres meeting in 1858 which involved a secret agreement between Cavour and Louis Napoleon, Napoleon had promised an army of 200,000 which would drive out Austria from Italy and in return France would receive Nice and Savoy. Garibaldi’s fears of foreign support became plausible as France’s real intentions of taking land became evident. After Cavour mobilized his army, Austria sent their ultimatum in 1859 to Peidmont...
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...Giuseppe Verdi Dr. Lara Housez School of the Arts McMaster University Content • Giuseppe Verdi • Verdi in Italy • La Traviata – Setting – Plot – Characters – Act I • Opera Divas Giuseppe Verdi (1813-‐1901) • Italian composer • Married and had 2 children • Widower at 26 • Later had a scandalous affair with soprano Giuseppina Strepponi; reIlected in his opera, La Traviata • Composed 28 operas, including La Traviata, Rigoletto, Aïda, and Il trovatore • Verdi was immensely popular in Europe; he was given state funeral in Milan; largest public assembly of any event in the history of Italy Verdi in Italy La Traviata (1853) • • • • • “The fallen woman” Opera in 3 acts Libretto by Francesco Maria Piave Based on a novel by Alexandre Dumas Premiered in 1853 in Venice CHARACTERS • Violetta (soprano): a high-‐class prostitute • Alfredo (tenor): a young gentlemen SETTING ...
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...Teatro Pilipino was a resident drama company of the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) from 1976 to 1987. It was founded by Filipino playwright, translator, director, and educator Rolando S. Tinio, who also served as its Artistic Director. The company was dedicated to producing world classics in translation as well as notable Filipino plays, as it aimed to promote the cultural development of the youth and of the Filipino language through theater. Teatro Pilipino popularize a number of classic masterpieces of world theater among Filipino audiences by translating them into Filipino. Rolando S. Tinio believed that by translating these masterpieces for the Filipino audiences, he was also translating the philosophies and ideologies behind those plays as well. As such, the production of such plays serve as vehicles to intellectualize the Filipino audience. After a 1975 pilot season of two plays sponsored by the Department of Public Information and the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Teatro Pilipino was formally introduced as one of the two resident drama companies of the CCP. After a change in government in 1986, the new CCP Management decided to let go of its two resident drama companies, forcing Teatro Pilipino to move to its new home at the old Metropolitan Theater (MET) at Lawton, near Downtown Manila. After the death of its principal actor, Dame Ella Luansing-Tinio in 1991, the closing curtain fell for the last time, and fittingly on its take on William Shakespeare's...
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...Philip Mazzei When Thomas Jefferson was asked to draft the Declaration of Independence, his words “All men are created equal” were paraphrased from the writings of Philip Mazzei, an immigrant from Tuscany. “All men are by nature equally free and independent,” Mazzei wrote in the Virginia Gazette in 1774. “Such equality is necessary in order to create a free government.” Filippo Mazzei was born in Poggio a Caino in Tuscany, Italy on December 30, 1730. He studied medicine in Italy for several years before moving to London in 1755 to begin a career as a mercantile importer. While in London, he met Benjamin Franklin, who convinced him to start a new business in Virginia. In 1773, Mazzei led a group of Italians who cultivated the first vineyards, olives, and other Mediterranean fruits in the colonies. By some historical accident, Mazzei became a neighbor and friend of Thomas Jefferson. During 1774–75, a year before the appearance of Thomas Paine’s pamphlet “Common Sense,” Philip Mazzei published a series of newspaper articles, translated into English by his good friend, Thomas Jefferson, under the pseudonym of Furioso in John Pinkney’s Virginia Gazette. In one article, Mazzei wrote that “every citizen has an equal right to the benefits and honors of his country.” He also wrote that there should be freedom of sex and property, and that any “bias in favor of riches has no other foundation than ancient injustice and is very similar to that which, in various circumstances, exists in...
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...To understand an event as large as the Italian Unification one must draw an analysis from the causes of that event. Many small case-specific causes can be found, but the key is to find general causes that can explain the whole unification. When looking at the time frame 1815-1870, one can find three general causes that mostly, but not always, worked towards Italian Unification. The complete Italian unification in 1870 occurred because of the actions of significant personalities, more specifically: Cavour, Mazzini and Garibaldi, it also came about because of the role of foreign players and lastly because of the not always successful, but reoccurring peoples movement. After Napoleon’s adventure into Europe had been extinguished, the parties at the Congress of Vienna in 1814/1815 were determined to re-establish old conservative order. Prussia, Russia, Great Britain and Austria-Hungary were the “Big Four” throughout the meetings, all of them, except Great Britain, being interested in highly conservative monarchical rule. New concepts such as liberalism were thwarted (Murphy, et al. 2000) and laid aside; the “old way” should provide peace, which was the ultimate aim of the Congress, for the next centuries. A Congress System was established; hereby the aforementioned Powers would meet in a regular basis to negotiate and solve problems by peaceful means. Besides reintroducing old hierarchies, the Vienna Congress also brought territorial changes. They were mostly supposed to create...
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...Unification of Italy Q: Describe & Explain the Unification of Italy. The Unification of Italy divides in to 3 main stages: 1815-1830: Revolts all over Italy. Revolts are suppressed. 1848-1849: Revolts all over Italy. Revolts are suppressed. 1858-1870: The unification of Italy Introduction To understand the unification of Italy, matters before the revolution need to be examined. Up until 1716, Italy was just a big piece of land divided among small kingdoms of monarchs. (ref. H.O. #1 p.29) When napoleon Bonaparte conquered Italy, he left them 3 things, which were probably the key characteristics in the revolution: - Efficient Government. - A practical demonstrations of the benefits from a unified Italy - Hatred towards foreign influence. After the fall of Napoleon, the major European powers (Austria, Russia, Spain, United Kingdom, & Prussia) what was to be done with Italy, which was conquered at the time by Napoleon. It was thus decided that Italy would be divided among different monarchs, all associated with the Habsburgs (except for Piedmont Sardinia, which was to be ruled by Victor Emmanuel, an independent monarch, and Papal States, ruled by the pope.). (ref. H.O. #1 p. 29-30) Austria had very strong domination over Italy. It had agreements with Ferdinand, king of Kingdom of the 2 Sicilies, and helped the pope maintain his kingdom. Only Piedmont Sardinia wasn't influenced by Austria (ref. H.O. #1 p. 30). 1815 - 1830 Revolution Almost all "'Italians" hated the foreign...
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...violent than it would have been already. He becomes ashamed because he almost feels like he let down the citizens. Even though they are a closer to being a united country they also lost lots of men within that war and people will question if it was worth it. Besides Italy, Napoleon knows that the French will not gain much from this battle and it was a lot of their men who died too, he knows France will be the ones who mainly question if the war was ever worth it to help Italy. In 1860 Cavour officially comes back to office and Napoleon gives him permission to do anything he has to do in order to gain more territory within Italy. Rome is still under control of the pope, so instead Cavour begins to gain control over central Italy as well. Giuseppe Garibaldi starts to evolve now too when he starts to take charge. Garibaldi is an Italian Nationalist who hates both France and Austria even though Italy is allies with France. Even if Garibaldi is satisfied with what both Napoleon and Cavour have done he wants the country to move forward even further. He is the one who wants to try and unite things and create even more land and freedom for Italy away from the other countries who are taking up their land. In May 1860, Garibaldi calls in over 1,000 men who are called redshirts from Sicily and he slowly convinces them to revolt against everything that has been happening. Garibaldi has the power to create an army with over 40,000 men and to take over Sicily in that process. He then takes...
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...Marinetti’s “Third Futurist Political Manifesto” launches an advertisement for a new political program for Italy, but, in turn, illustrates his envy for the United States. Marinetti attempts to originate a new Italy: “Italy, absolute and sovereign. The word ITALY must predominate over the word LIBERTY” (75). At first, it seems like Marinetti is motivated to lay out all of the great things he is advocating for in his new program, but then he states that Italy must be supreme over liberty, which reveals his jealous nature; America has the courage to defend world freedom and has exemplified this through war and other empowering tactics. Liberty, or in other words, freedom, is what the American nation and people are built upon. Liberty allows Americans to be aware of the rights they are entitled to as an American citizen. Historically speaking, 20th century Italy was a very underdeveloped country; it was also the weakest country within the Great Powers—Germany, Great Britain, and France. They were in poverty due to a ruined economy and a corrupt government. This lead many Italians to emigrate from Italy to America—a developed country with a booming industrial evolution and a promise to achieve the American Dream. Italians were uneducated, poor, and suffered many other unfortunate hardships due to many reasons, including the adverse relationship between church and state. Marinetti envies America’s enthusiasm for progression because Italy is traditional and primarily geared to the older...
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...Throughout the interactive oral, with reference to Tomasi di Lamedusa’s novel The Leopard, we deliberated the mythological allusions that appeared persistently throughout the text. Prior to the discussion, I gave minimal importance to such citations not aware of their significant in reinforcing the characters connection to the Sicilian landscape where Lampedusa sets his novel. My personal knowledge towards Greek folklore is fairly scarce, and as a result I found myself frequently ignoring the clear implications made by the author in reference to the many protagonists of ancient Greek legends. Therefore given chance to further explore such topic I was able to understand and thus appreciate the connections drawn by Lampedusa between the elements found in ancient myths and the characters created in the novel. The most evident is the apparent inspiration drawn from the protagonist of numerous Greek myths for the development of the protagonist chosen for the novel. In fact, Don Farbrizio referred to, as “pater familias” is consistently described as a striking figure at times greater then life itself. Imposing on all other characters his somewhat “thunderous” strength and appearance prompts a connection to the “father of all gods”, the almighty Zeus. Furthermore the prince preoccupies his time observing Zeus’s realm, seeking comfort in the stars he contemplates the vastness of the universe comparing it to the ephemeral...
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...whose aim was to combat heresy. Railroad System- Wales in 1804, Richard Trevithick developed the first railroad system. Soviet Union- The USSR was the Union of Soviet Socialist. 1922-1991 Tycho Brahe- a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer. He was known for comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. Tycho was born Danish peninsula in 1546 U Boats- from 1914 to 1918 during World War 1, the campaign fought Germany’s U Boats. This took place around the British sea’s Volatire- a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher Women’s March- October 5,1789. The women’s march, or the October days, was one of the earliest events of the French Revolution. Young Italy- a movement for Italy in 1831. It was founded by Giuseppe Mazzini. Its goal was to create an Italian republic ...
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...then and now, there have been other attempts to unify the European continent under one ruler - people such as Charlemagne, Napoleon and Hitler. It is only now that the unification of Europe seems to be possible, but in such a way as has never been thought of in the history of civilized man. No longer is the move towards a single ruler or a conquest of land. Today's unification is one of political and economic borders, in which the "conquered" nations gain a seat in an international High Authority and all people involved prosper. At least, this is the goal of the growing organization in Europe. In the course of history many famous people have spoken or dreamt of a United Europe, ranging from George Washington, Napoleon Bonaparte, or Giuseppe Mazzini to Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi. But probably the clearest, most concrete vision was articulated by the French writer Victor Hugo. This vision can only be understood against the background of the historic upheavals in nineteenth-century Europe that Victor Hugo experienced at first hand: several wars between France and Germany, Victor Hugo’s enforced exile in the Channel Islands because of his opposition to Napoleon III, the traumatic annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by Germany after the war of 1870/71, and lastly his involvement in the laborious birth of the Third Republic in France. Understandably Victor Hugo yearned then for peace and democracy on the Continent. And at the Paris Peace Congress in the middle of the 19th century...
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...1. Namethe French artist who made a series of paintings visualizing his dreams of democracy republic? Ans. Frederic Sorrieu 2. What had the French artist visualized as world made of democratic social republics? Ans. In 1848, Frederic Sorrieu, a French artist, prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social Republics’, as he called them. In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume. Leading the procession, way past the statue of Liberty, are the United States and Switzerland, which by this time were already nation-states. France, identifiable by the revolutionary tricolour, has just reached the statue. She is followed by the peoples of Germany. Following the German peoples are the peoples of Austria, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Lombardy, Poland, England, Ireland, Hungary and Russia. 3. What are absolutist’s regimes? Ans. Literally, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised is known as an absolutist regime. In history, the term refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralized, militarized and repressive. 4. What is a utopian society? Ans. A vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist 5. What is a plebiscite? Ans. A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal 6. What was the concept of European...
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...Interpreting the Risorgimento: Blasetti's "1860" and the Legacy of Motherly Love Author(s): Gabriella Romani Source: Italica, Vol. 79, No. 3 (Autumn, 2002), pp. 391-404 Published by: American Association of Teachers of Italian Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3656100 . Accessed: 22/09/2013 08:43 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . American Association of Teachers of Italian is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Italica. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 149.150.51.237 on Sun, 22 Sep 2013 08:43:40 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Blasetti's the Interpreting Risorgimento: 1860 and the Legacy MotherlyLove of Alessandro Blasetti's1860has recentlybeen the focus of literaryand film criticism,which analyzedvariousaspectsof the film, including the didactic and ideologicalnatureof the director'sintelpretationof the For Risorgimento.1 his reading of this memorableItalian past, Blasetti used both domestic and foreign...
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