...Glaciers are known as 'rivers of ice', as they are not motionless, but are moving constantly like a slow river, from a few millimeters to few meters a day. Glaciers are large sheets of ice and snow that are found in places with extremely cold temperatures like in western United States, Alaska, and the mountains of Europe and Asia. Snow keeps on freezing and thawing and finally is converted into ice, which later gets compacted and firm. As more snow is then converted into ice, the weight and size of the glacier keeps increasing. There are two types of glaciers, continental and alpine glaciers. Continental glaciers are thick ice sheets that flow in the sea, whereas alpine glaciers are glaciers that form in the mountains. When temperature increases,...
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...In terms of famous national parks within the United States, big name nature reserves such as the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone and Denali are primary destinations have been top destinations for many visitors year after year. With its stunning landscapes and limited tourists, Montana’s very own Glacier National Park is slowly becoming a top national park destination for individuals, families, and explorers from across the country. Situated amidst the stunning wilderness in the state of Montana, Glacier National Park has more than 700 miles of hiking trails, 563 streams, 175 mountains (the highest of which is Mt. Cleveland at 10,448 feet), and 25 glaciers. Established in May 1910, this park continues to awe everyone from nature visitors to local residents. 3. Medicine Take the time to visit Two Medicine, though, and you’ll discover the incredible views, extensive hiking trails, thundering waterfalls and picturesque lakes that appealed to those visitors years ago. The thundering waterfalls and the serene lakes are not only perfect for hiking, but also are great for brushing up on your photography skills. 4. Wooden boats One of the most memorable and iconic ways to see the glorious scenery of the park is to travel on a wooden boat from anywhere...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Home Page » Science Melting of Ice Glaciers In: Science Melting of Ice Glaciers The melting of ice glaciers is considered to be a normal act of nature. The real problem occurs when “the snow replenishing it is less than the melted water.” (Mathias, 2011). This problem is occurring with the majority of glaciers around the world, with the size of the glaciers reducing causing an increase in the sea water levels. The primary culprit for the sudden melting of ice glaciers is the rapid industrialization and the burning of fossil fuels taking place. There are many negative effects on the earth because of the rapid melting of ice glaciers but the most prominent ones are global warming, shortage in fresh water and the rise in sea level. The human population has taken action to try and reduce the severity of these effects, and have been successful in doing so, but they are still very present. Global warming is a concern that is well-known by the majority of our population and a mutual effort of several countries to reduce the overall release of pollution and greenhouse gases was carried out through a contract called the “Kyoto Protocol.” This is one good example of the awareness of the issues that we as a planet are facing, and how we have tackled these severe issues. Glacier melting is on the rise and the effects...
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...Research Article A GIS‐based reconstruction of Little Ice Age glacier maximum extensions for South Tyrol, Italy 5 Christoph Knoll Department of Geography University of Innsbruck Hanns Kerschner Department of Geography University of Innsbruck Armin Heller 10 Philipp Rastner 15 20 25 30 35 40 Department of Geography Institute for Applied Remote Sensing University of Innsbruck EURAC Bolzano Keywords: Little Ice Age, glacier reconstruction, glacier development, GIS Abstract A reconstruction method of historical glacier topographies and a possibility of the usage of these results are demonstrated in this paper. This reconstruction was accomplished for 310 Alpine glaciers in South Tyrol, Italy. These glaciers are featured with a wealth of different historical (e.g. paintings, photographs and historical maps) and recent data sources (airborne laser scan based digital terrain model and digital orthophotos) that allow the reconstruction of the Little Ice Age maximum extension. These sources are among the best historical and recent documents of glaciers for the mid 19th century. The results of this reconstruction visualize the ongoing climate change in a comprehensive way. The area changes between the time of the Little Ice Age maximum extent (around the year 1850) and the recent glaciation in 2006 amounts in a ...
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...Glaciers and Glaciation Jordan Leslie KAMSC Geology Term Paper Mr. Sinclair January 10, 2013 A glacier is basically a thick ice mass that originates on land from the accumulation, compaction, and recrystallization of snow. Since glaciers are agents of erosion, they must also flow. Similar to running water, groundwater, waves, and wind, glaciers are dynamic forces that are capable of accumulating, transporting, and depositing sediment. Glaciers are found in many parts of the world today. However, they are mostly found in remote areas. Thousands of relatively small glaciers exist in lofty mountain regions, where they usually follow valleys originally occupied by water. Unlike the rivers that previously flowed in these valleys, glaciers move very slowly, approximately a few centimeters per day. Based on their location, glaciers are narrowed down to two categories: valley glaciers and alpine glaciers. Each is a stream of ice, bounded by precipitous rock walls, that flows down valley from an accumulation center near its head. Like rivers, valley glaciers can be long or short, wide or narrow, single or with branching tributaries. Generally, the widths of alpine glaciers are small compared to the length. Some glaciers extend for just a fraction of a kilometer, whereas others go on for tens of kilometers. The picture above shows the Lateral moraine on a glacier joining the Gorner Glacier, in Switzerland. The Gorner Glacier runs along the bottom of the...
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...is adding to the earth’s greenhouse gases. The resulting affect of global warming is triggering warmer temperatures around the world, and ecosystems are taking the toll. One of the most publicized looming catastrophes is the plight of the polar bears. Once the glaciers are gone, the polar bear will be extinct in the wild. Although, scientists say it is caused by the pollution that humans are creating, global warming is a natural phenomenon. Snow capped mountains are a wondrous sight to behold, and can be found on every continent. But, these massive ice shelf’s have a purpose that many people take for granted. Many people do not realize that glaciers are responsible for part of the world’s water supply. Revkin (2003) states “The melting is likely to threaten water supplies in places like Peru and Nepal” (¶ 19). The result from the melting glaciers will raise water levels and potentially create devastating floods over time. The eventual outcome that these countries will face once the glaciers are gone is drought. Many communities are also dependent on hydroelectric dams and water reservoirs to create electricity. Once the glaciers are gone then what? Scientists think that without water from the glaciers to create electricity, these communities that are so dependent on the hydroelectric dams will need to use coal or oil to create the necessary...
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...work. It was his theory that the current would take him to the North Pole and then south toward Greenland (Adams 2014). While his name may never become a common household name without his brave and successful journey the world of oceanography may not be where it is today. All of these combined make him an excellent topic for an oceanography paper. Fridjof Nansen was more however then just an oceanographer. Before the Fram expedition he was already a well-recognized zoologist, and had been made the curator of zoology at eh Bergen Museum. As stated by Harald Sverdrup, “He wrote papers on zoological and histological subjects, illustrated by excellent drawings” (Sverdrup 2013). Shortly after this his interests moved to the physical side of oceanography. He became an oceanography instructor at the University of Kristina and on his two most successful artic expeditions most of the data was collected by Nansen himself (Sverdrup 2013). Before going on his famous expedition to the Arctic Ocean he had already began his work in oceanography by taking a group of five other men to Greenland’s icecaps to gain further knowledge on continental glaciers. Friftjof Nansen and his team of five men were successful in their expedition and became the first person to cross Greenland’s ice cap, and provided support to the isostatic rebound theory. This theory suggests that “when the Earth's crust sinks under a heavy weight, it will slowly return to its original position when that weight is removed...
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...Global Warming: Fact or Fiction Abstract The purpose of this paper is to educate U.S. Congress on the facts and unreliable theories of the progression of global warming. What is global warming? The topic of global warming has been met with much controversy over the past several years. What is it, does it exist, and do the facts support the claims of greenhouse gases and high levels of CO2 created by emissions from fossil fuels. Or is there another explanation for the radical weather changes, which have increased severe storms, flooding, droughts and other extreme patterns across our great nation that has claimed many lives. In the following paragraphs we will analyze, and introduce information that can be used to evaluate the claims of global warming and the effects on our universal weather patterns, as well as introduce theories of others that indicates that global warming may not exist and isn’t a problem at all. Outline Thesis statement: 1. Background on global warming. A. Facts that support global warming does exist. 1. Analysis of research criteria done by NASA on the existence of global warming. 2. Additional information that substantiates claims that global warming is a fact. B. Seasonal changes and weather patterns linked to early migration and breeding. 1. Industrial Revolution CO2 levels associated with burning of fossil fuels, A. Changes in weather patterns and rising temperatures. B. Elucidation on the process...
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...Composition II Research Paper Our atmosphere doesn't act as a single unit; it is made up of hundreds of different layers. Some of the energy released from Earth is stopped in each of these layers. The energy is then re-emitted in a random direction, but on average the energy is moving either "up" or "down." The atmospheres get thinner as altitude increases, so eventually the radiation will reach a layer high enough and thin enough to escape to space. If you increase the concentrations of a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, the thin upper layers will become denser. The place where the majority of the energy finally escapes moves higher, these higher levels are much colder and so they do not radiate heat very well. The rate that radiation escapes to space is lower, and the planet will take in more than it radiates. As the higher levels emit some of the excess radiation downwards, the lower levels will warm all the way down to the surface. The imbalance will remain until the higher levels get hot enough to radiate as much energy back out as the planet is receiving. Though all natural processes, they are not always helpful. On the other side of the spectrum, we as humans are not always helpful to the processes. Because of this, we find ourselves at a time of question. What are we doing to our planet and how will it affect us? Many are attempting to take action now, others try to not believe. Eventually, however, we are all going to see what we have truly been doing. Global warming...
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...Stedman 1 ! Jack Stedman February 15, 2015 Ms. Rindler Exploratory Essay Should we be worried about abrupt climate change and the resulting effects? Climate change is an issue that has been the talk of the last decade. It is an issue of great concern, and in my opinion there should be more news coverage and awareness of what is happening on our planet. In a study done by the China Center for Climate Change Communication (jointly established by the Research Center for Journalism and Social Development of Renmin University and Oxfam Hong Kong) where they called and surveyed 4,000 Chinese adults they reported that "93 percent of respondents say they know at least a little about climate change. 11 percent say they know a lot, 54 percent know something, and 28 percent know just a little about it. 7 percent have never heard of climate change"(Kim 319). Personally, I find this to be abysmal. I feel it should be educated in every school. In this essay, however, we will explore whether we have to be worried as to what is going to happen to our home planet, Earth. In the article, Storm Warnings: Extreme Weather Is a Product of Climate Change, from Scientific American, the author, John Carey, explores the effects that climate change has had on our weather. John Carey is a freelance science writer and editor. He was the senior correspondent for Business Week magazine for 20 years. This article is the first part of a three-part series, and Carey goes on to explain that in the past few years...
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...I was unaware of its geological history. Admiring the landscape of the state has always been one of my great pleasures. When I traveled around the country I would compare the natural wonders of each state to my own. Besides the rocky mountains in Colorado and the white mountains of New Hampshire few places match Connecticut’s regal terrain. Growing up in Bristol I would hike up to Pinnacle Mountain in Plainville, my friends and I would stand in awe of the magnificent rock structures. In the summer I would go on vacation to Old Lyme, it was there I fell in love with the earth’s most beautiful contrasts, the ocean meeting the rock and vice a versa. But until now I never educated myself on how all this magnificence came about. In this paper I will chronologically describe the eras and events that formed Connecticut’s geologic history. The oldest rocks provide a window through time telling a story of continental collisions so powerful that they raised mountains thousands of feet high. Others reveal evidence of a slow but constant attack from the elements that wore down those same majestic peaks (Mchone 2004). Giant monoliths stand testament to a time when the earths crust was cracked and lava flowed over the state. Beaches and enormous boulders are the remains of when Connecticut was frozen beneath a sheet of ice (Mchone2004). The Archeozoic era Archean period: The story begins about 400 million years ago when the North American continent was...
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...Christine V. McLelland GSA Distinguished Earth Science Educator in Residence Reviewers and Contributors: Gary B. Lewis Director, Education and Outreach, Geological Society of America Contributing GSA Education Committee members: Rob Van der Voo University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Keith A. Sverdrup University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis. Mary M. Riestenberg College of Mount Saint Joseph, Cincinnati, Ohio Virginia L. Peterson Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Mich. Wendi J.W. Williams University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Ark. Sandra Rutherford Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Mich. Larissa Grawe DeSantis University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. Aida Awad Des Plaines, Ill. Stephen R. Mattox Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Mich. Steve Boyer Tacoma, Wash. Jo Laird University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H. Cover image: A basalt dike cuts through rocks of Permain age on Wasp Head, NSW Australia. Photo by Gary B. Lewis. Table of Contents What is Science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Scientific Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Evaluation . . . ....
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...Atmospheric Pollution As I had started my research on atmospheric pollution, I had come to find that it all coincides with global warming. Due to the gases that are being released in the air from vehicles, it starts to destroy the atmosphere. However, it is not just the gases from the vehicles, there are also gases from power plants and aerosol cans, for example, hairspray. Smokers also contribute to the pollution in the atmosphere. All of this will be discussed further into the paper. The one thing that was asked was to give a detailed description of the problem. Coming up with a detailed description was not a problem but difficult and time consuming. I have come up with a number of problems that atmospheric pollution, or global warming, has on people, animals and the world. Map Results I have found a map that shows the locations where there is air pollution. On this map, there are images of blue, purple and red dots. These dots represent the U.S. Industrial facilities that use toxic chemicals. The city and states with a high count of toxic usage had the blue and red dots next to them. These city and states are as follows: Phoenix, Arizona, Salt Lake City, Utah, San Diego, California, Los Angeles, California, Riverside, California, Bakersfield, California, San Francisco, California, Stockton, California, Sacramento, California, Las Vegas, Nevada, Portland, Oregon, and Seattle Washington. There are 34 city and states including Canada that are highlighted...
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...believe that global warming is a normality of the earth’s atmosphere. This paper will answer the questions: who, what, why, when, and how global warming will or will not have a negative impact on human health. The research must start by describing global warming and why some scientist and researchers believe that it will have a negative impact on human health. In direct quotation of Bloice and Hallinan, 2005: The temperature of the earth’s atmosphere is influenced by the balance between the high energy ultraviolet radiation absorbed from the sun and the amount of heat radiated back into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, water, methane, and other “greenhouse gases” are the key elements that regulate the earth’s temperature. Greenhouse gases are similar to the glass in a greenhouse- they allow light to enter and warm the interior but trap radiation, which heats the inside. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause a buildup of heat that raises the temperature on the earth’s surface, a process called the greenhouse effect. Why do people believe that global warming will have a negative impact on human health? 1) Disease 2) Heat related deaths 3) Increases storm strengths 4) Storm surges Due to the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas-the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution. The Nation Research Council in 2006 reported that the earth’s average temperature had risen 0.6...
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...Aleisha Wiley Business Sustainability December 15, 2013 What does sustainability mean in general terms and in a business context In general terms, the key principal of sustainability is to support, endure, perpetuate and supply the necessities of life on earth without depleting resources at a rate in which they cannot replenish themselves, crossing any thresholds or boundaries potential harmful the existence of life or destroy ecosystems that are important to animal and plant life on earth. These principals can also be applied to the life we lead as business owners, manager and other working professionals. In this paper I will be discussing what the key principals and meaning of sustainability as it applies to general terms and in a business context. Sustainable business or green business is an enterprise that has no negative impact on the global or local environment, community, society, or economy. The organization participates in environmentally friendly activities that ensure all processes, products and manufacturing activities adequately address current environmental concerns while maintaining a profit. In other words, it is a business that “meets the needs of the present world without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Exemplary examples of a green business are the efforts of Nike and Adidas. They developed a new way of dyeing clothes with CO2 instead of water. The process is a potentially revolutionary technique that...
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