...------------------------------------------------- 1. Using any object of your choice, identify and analyse the following: a. Function(s) b. Components c. Incremental innovations Outline what you consider to be the rationale behind ONE recent incremental innovation. Object: Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation device: a) Function: A GPS navigation device extracts information using signals from global positioning system to determine its position on earth. These devices provide information on altitude, longitude and latitude of a location. GPS navigation systems are used in military, aircrafts, ships and various transport means such as buses and cars. b) Components of a GPS device: - Antenna - Oscillators - Micro-processors - Power supply - Display and user interface - Data storage c) Incremental innovations GPS devices for cars GPS devices for cars GPS devices for military GPS devices for military GPS devices in Aircraft navigation GPS devices in Aircraft navigation Mobile phones with GPS technology Mobile phones with GPS technology GPS devices for ships navigation GPS devices for ships navigation Watches / straps with GPS navigation Watches / straps with GPS navigation Recent incremental innovation: Wrist straps / watches with GPS technology * Rationale: Basic idea behind this innovation is to create a new market of GPS devices for sports personnel / sports industry. Using these devices...
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...morning my name is Aaron Baker and today I’m going to speak to you about GPS technology. GPS is an abbreviation for the Global Positioning System, which is what we use today to pinpoint locations around the globe. The GPS system is valuable because it has many civilian and military uses. I will inform you about what exactly GPS is and I will also highlight some of its uses. In the early 1950’s during the race to space, the United States Department of Defense realized that tracking the position of satellites in space could be used to pinpoint fixed locations on the earth’s surface. Not until 1973 did research and development begin for the technology we rely on everyday known as the Global Positioning System (GPS). From 1978 to 1985 a total of 11 Block I GPS satellites were launched into orbit. The Block I satellites were the experimental satellites used to test the system. Eleven (11) were launched, none functioning. Following this launch Block II satellites were sent into orbit, this occurred in 1989. The Block II satellites comprise the first nine spacecraft of the operational series. In 1994 the last series of Block IIA satellites were sent into orbit, this completed the GPS satellite constellation. The Block IIA satellites comprise the second 19 spacecraft of the operational series. This is the system we use today. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of 27 earth orbiting satellites. Only 24 of the 27 satellites are in operation, the other three...
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...UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION TERM PAPER TOPIC: ISSUES IN GLOBAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT DSM 602: By DR. YABS NGETICH MONICAH D61/69197/2013 INTRODUCTION The scope of strategic business issues faced by companies and organizations striving to operate and be successful internationally has widened due to an increasingly broad geographic scope and the increasing complexity of technology. Strategic issues arise not only through the formal, periodic strategic planning processes in companies but also can, and quite often do arise unpredictably due to new insights, unexpected advances in technology or competitive activities in the market place. All companies have their way of identifying and dealing with these being their most critical strategic questions. However, theprocess of managing emerging strategic issues is typically non-structured, not necessarily optimally suited to enable the effective identification of the most critical questions and the appropriate allocation of top management attention and corporate intelligence support to answer the identified strategic questions. Despite the past research during 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s into the domain of strategic issues (SI), strategic issue management (SIM), and strategic issue management systems (SIMS) there is a scarcity applicable approaches for firms to use in improving their attention focus and distribution in strategic issue management processes. The underpinnings of strategic management...
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...fingertips – whether using the Internet, global positioning systems (GPS), satellite imagery (GoogleEarth™), or participating in a geocaching experience. Using these tools and activities gives classroom teachers opportunities to instill in students a curiosity about geography, science, mathematics and the world in which they live. GPS units are multidisciplinary, inquiry-driven, field-based tools useful across the K-12 and university curricula.In this article, I provide a professional development model for teachers learning to use GPS units and geocaching. This model, which is equally applicable with middle school students, incorporates the characteristics of active, engaged learning and constructivist learning environments. I also provide (1) descriptions of three other GPS/geocaching workshops for a variety of audiences, (2) comments from teachers about their experiences learning to use GPS receivers and geocaching, (3) numerous online resources, and (4) concrete steps to create integrated curricular units/lessons that use GPS units and geocaching for teachers wishing to incorporate these emerging technologies to spark student learning and raise student awareness of the world around them. Finally, I provide a podcast (that can be viewed on the Internet or heard on an iPod) that gives an overview of using GPS receivers and geocaching in education. DEFINITION OF TERMS Global Positioning System (GPS) is a $12 billion Satellite Navigation System consisting of 24 satellites (plus a...
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...recommendation that should be considered in future researches as far as international business is concerned. Technology and policies will be referenced in the explanation of how financial flows, foreign direct investment and the international trade liberalization have evolved. The discussion will therefore be based on how the changes that have been brought by globalization have influenced international business in various ways. Trade The world trade is on rapid expansion when compared to the gross domestic product. This has been manifested over the past two decades when the globalization was rampant. However while the impact of globalization was meant to bring more economic prosperity by increasing the competition of the products in the global market, the effect is not uniform. This therefore means that the benefits that are associated with the expansion of trade in the world are not shared by all the states. In fact, a research conducted in the sub Saharan and least developed countries showed that the products from the regions faced decreased market share. The unequal enjoyment of the trade liberalization benefits could only...
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...Social Impact of the Global Positioning System (GPS) A Paper Submitted to Ann Holms By Writing 2E (11:00-12:50) February 15, 2005 1 GPS – A Navigational Improvement Up to now, navigation has been considered a skill. It took work and knowledge to use a map and compass. In fact, during America’s colonial period, only gentlemen were allowed to learn such techniques. For example, if an ordinary British redcoat was spotted attempting to learn to navigate, he would be hung. Only the officers who were considered gentlemen were allowed to conduct such education [Norman, 1998]. However, as we enter the twentieth century, a new technology emerges to cover the distance between a knowledgeable navigator and an ordinary person. This technology is Global Positioning System (GPS). With a click on a screen, an ordinary person can find his or her way via a complex system involving satellite technology. Essentially, the GPS satellites transmit a signal to receivers on Earth; the GPS receivers then compare the time the signal was transmitted to the time it was received [Leick, 2004]. The results proved extremely precise. However, the new technology not only improves society but hinders it as well. GPS technology improved navigational accuracy significantly in the military, in the economy, and in our ordinary lives; however, it may cause problems for people who don’t have the required knowledge to navigate and it offers an easier way for criminals to accomplish illegal tasks. Military...
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...International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 8, Number 16 (2013) pp. 1937-1943 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm Ionospheric Electron Density Analysis using Empirical Orthogonal Functions Bhagyasree Nimmagadda, A.L Siridhara, D.Venkata Ratnam Department Of ECE in affiliation to K L University K L University (KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation) Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. Email: dvratnam@kluniverity.in Abstract Ionospheric electron density variations are more predominant error sources in precise positioning with Global Positioning System (GPS) based navigation systems over low latitude regions such as India and Brazil. spatial and temporal variability is more in this region due to Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly (EIA), Spread F and ionospheric scintillations etc. Short and long term ionospheric changes such as the solar cycle, the annual and semiannual variations of the ionosphere needs to be investigated for improving reliable communication and navigation systems. In this paper, EOF analysis is used to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of ionospheric electron density. An empirical model is implemented based on coefficients and basis functions obtained from the EOF analysis. It is evident from the results that the coefficients of EOF basis functions well signify the solar activity, diurnal variations of electron density. Keywords: GPS, EOF, TEC and IRI model 1. Introduction: The...
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...Detail of Service sector from 2009-10 Name: Shiva Kr. Yadav Roll No. 11316603911 SERVICES SECTOR: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON Conventional wisdom suggests that during the early development phase of any country, expansion of output in manufactured goods precedes growth in the services sector. As a country progresses further manufacturing often takes a back seat, giving way to the services sector in terms of both output and employment, and manufacturing firms themselves become increasingly service centric in order to remain competitive. Some have argued that the decline in manufacturing and corresponding shift to services is unsupportable in the long run as services depend critically on manufacturing for their demand. Although this argument may be applicable for certain services such as retailing and transportation, it does not entirely hold for many other services. IT in particular very high services sector growth. Russia at 5.5 per cent and Brazil at 4.0 per cent are a distant third and fourth respectively. While India’s growth rate of the services sector at 10.1 per cent in 2009 was higher than that of China at 9.6 per cent, in 2010 it has decelerated to 7.7 per cent while China’s has remained constant (Table 10.1). All this highlights the prominence of the services sector for India. Despite the higher share of services in India’s GDP and China’s dominance in manufacturing over...
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...Technology Vol. 2, Issue 3, March 2013 Mobile Tracking Application Radhika Kinage1, Jyotshna Kumari2, Purva Zalke3, Meenal Kulkarni4 Student, Department of Computer Technology, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India1,2,3,4 Abstract: Personal Tracking Systems are the tracking devices specially built up for personal information. The person takes it with him and the information of where he is presently is provided. The same system has been implemented in this mobile tracking application i.eTrackMeApp but various extended features that the existing system does not have. This system is GPS enabled android mobile phone whose location is tracked. Our application provides the functionality of defining the geo-fence areas as safe, risky and highly risky. Keywords: GPS, TrackMeApp, geo-fence, A-GPS I. INTRODUCTION Various GPS-based tracking systems have been successfully deployed and utilized in various applications such as fleet and vehicle location identification, and in route guidance. Recently, systems that integrate GPS and GSM technologies with Google earth to provide real-time data have also been proposed. However, for indoors and closed environments GPS systems fall short and it becomes difficult to acquire the necessary satellites for accurate position computation. Some of the alternate techniques that are proposed for indoor location tracking include the integration of Bluetooth technology with 3G networks. The proposed solution suggests...
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...Global Positioning System and Tracking 2nd Semester B.S. (SE) 2014 Submitted By: Name: Hafsa Ameer Enrolment number: 2014/comp/BS(S.E)/16869 Submitted to: Hina Qaiser Khan 14 -November,2014 Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Jinnah University for Women 5-C Nazimabad, Karachi 74600 ABSTRACT Where am I? Where am I going? Where are you? What is the best way to get there? When will I get there? In this paper GPS technology can answer all these questions. GPS satellite can show you exact position on the earth any time, in any weather, no matter where you are. GPS technology has made an impact on navigation and positioning needs with the use of satellites and ground stations the ability to track aircrafts, cars, cell phones, boats and even individuals has become a reality. A system of satellites, receivers that is able to determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by calculating the distance. System (GPS) is a worldwide radio-navigation system formed from constellation of 24 satellites. Navigation system is made for aircraft, ships, ground vehicles, and for hand carrying by individuals. Surveying, telecommunications facilities, and mapping, tracking etc is another use of GPS. Also in this paper feasibility is, to introduce tracking system in Jinnah University, that monitor students’progress until they have seen an academic advising resources and helps students graduate on time. TABLE OF CONTENT...
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...SELF NAVIGATING AUTONOMOUS BOT Major-Project Report by Arjun Surendran B080001EC Deepak Venga B080027EC Nandu Raj B080585EC Priyanka G Das B080312EC Sanjay George B080270EC Under the guidance of Dr. S. M. SAMEER Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology In ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT Kerala, India April 2012 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this report titled SELF NAVIGATING AUTONOMOUS BOT is a bona fide record of the major-project done by Arjun Surendran Deepak Venga Nandu Raj Priyanka G Das Sanjay George B080001EC B080027EC B080585EC B080312EC B080270EC In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Calicut. Dr. S. M. Sameer (Project Advisor) Assistant Professor Dr. P S Sathidevi Professor & Head April 2012 NIT Calicut i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank Dr. S. M. Sameer, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for his guidance and inspiration in helping us complete this project. We are also grateful to Dr. P S Sathidevi, Professor and Head, Department of Electronics and Communication...
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...JOURNAL, VOL. 1, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2001 Inertial Sensor Technology Trends Neil Barbour and George Schmidt, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—This paper presents an overview of how inertial sensor technology is applied in current applications and how it is expected to be applied in near- and far-term applications. The ongoing trends in inertial sensor technology development are discussed, namely interferometric fiber-optic gyros, micro-mechanical gyros and accelerometers, and micro-optical sensors. Micromechanical sensors and improved fiber-optic gyros are expected to replace many of the current systems using ring laser gyroscopes or mechanical sensors. The successful introduction of the new technologies is primarily driven by cost and cost projections for systems using these new technologies are presented. Externally aiding the inertial navigation system (INS) with the global positioning system (GPS) has opened up the ability to navigate a wide variety of new large-volume applications, such as guided artillery shells. These new applications are driving the need for extremely low-cost, batch-producible sensors. Index Terms—Accelerometer, gyroscope, inertial, MEMS. I. INTRODUCTION LECTROMECHANICAL inertial sensors have generally dominated guidance, navigation, and control applications since the dawn of inertial sensing in the early 1920s [1]–[4]. In recent years, however, new technologies have enabled other kinds of sensors that are challenging and have successfully challenged this...
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...REVIEW 1 An output of the ff. topics * GNSS * GPS * GLONASS * QZSS * GALILEO * IRNSS Simon Nichole B. Gabutan GNSS or Global Navigation Satellite Systems The primary purpose of GNSSs is to provide positions. Different methods of positioning with GNSS exist with the achieved positioning accuracy varying from 10 meter to the millimeter level. Generally we distinguish between the usage of GNSS code observations and GNSS code and phase observations. GNSS positioning with code observations The basic principle of obtaining positions using GNSS is based on the observation of distances to the satellites. Satellite positions are broadcasted in navigation messages coded into the satellite signals, the time of transmission of the signal is also coded into the satellite signal. The difference between time of transmission and time of reception of the coded GNSS satellite signal gives the traveling time. The distance to a satellite can be obtained by multiplying the traveling time of the GNSS signal from the satellite to the users GNSS receiver by the speed of the GNSS signal (approximately 300,000 km/s). Examples of GNSS positioning with code observations are: Single point positioning Differential positioning with code observations GPS or Global Positioning Systems GPS Operating Principles 1. Position Fixing The GPS receiver determines its position using three satellites to triangulate its 3D position. For this the receiver needs to know the: ...
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...Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Historical development/context of the technology In 1993, the final satellite was launched to complete the network of the 24 satellites that make up what is now known as the Global Positioning System. Because of these, a person can purchase a little device that has the capability to track and verify their exact location within a few hundred feet. This fantastic technology only became available because the combination of scientific and engineering advances, especially the development of the atomic clock. The atomic clocks are precise within a billionth of a second. The development of the atomic clocks were important because the scientists were searching for answers about the nature of the universe. In the development of the atomic clocks, the physicists were unaware that one day their findings would lead to the global system that we use today. For centuries the stars and the sun were the only way people could navigate or to find their way. Even after clocks were developed, it was possible for people to find their longitude but even with the most accurate instruments, exact locations were only good within a few miles. The Soviet Union launched their first satellite, Sputnik on October 4, 1957. This new technology did little more than orbit the earth every 98 minutes. It was not equipped with any scientific equipment although it did contain a single radio transmitter, which made it easy for the United States to track its path. The United States...
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...1. Why have Personal Navigation Devices become popular? What technologies are required to facilitate the success of PNDs? A PND uses a GPS signals to determine the device’s location and display it on a digital map. Additional software brings features such as routing, driving conditions, suggested directions, ETA, interactivity, etc. The main features of PNDs that made them popular were convenience and accuracy of information. Before PNDs, to navigate one would need paper maps. Paper maps can become quickly outdated and cannot show current location. Users would have to know their locations in order to manually calculate a route to destination. A PND calculates the current location by triangulation of GPS signals and software calculates a route based on multiple criteria (fastest or shortest route, traffic conditions, etc). As the technology evolved, more features were packed in PND such as POI (points of interest). While a paper map can aid in manually generate a route to known destination, it cannot help finding a POI of which location is unknown to the user. 2. Who are some of the leaders in PNDs? What are the likely factors that will contribute to winning in this marketplace? If we are talking about dedicated PND, the market leaders are Garmin, TomTom and Magellan. However, if we are looking at the total number of GPS enabled devices that provide navigation features, then the combined sales of Samsung, Motorola...
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