...12/21/04 2:45 PM Page 1 Part 1 The Global Financial System in Perspective Try to imagine living in a world in which there are no financial institutions, no financial markets, and no financial assets. In such a world, there would be no opportunity to borrow against future income in order to purchase a home or an automobile, or to finance an education. Nor would you be able to save some of your current income (and, thereby, accumulate wealth over time) to handle the future expenses of a growing family or retirement. Businesses could not come up with the resources needed to produce the goods and services you like to consume. There would be no way to acquire insurance against sickness and death. Even the simple act of buying food would become extremely difficult, requiring you to barter simply to survive. The financial system has emerged to fill these and many other critical needs that require some separation in time between the use of resources (such as capital and labor), the production of goods and services, and the actual consumption of those goods and services desired. Financial markets and institutions deal with these issues and provide for the smooth functioning of modern economies, enabling resources to find their way to their most highly valued use. In so doing, the financial system dramatically enhances the efficiency of the economy and raises our standard of living. In order to set the stage for our study of the global financial system, Part One of Money and Capital...
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...Introduction Global financial crisis started when sub prime mortgage market of United States collapsed. Since the global financial crisis took place, many developed and developing countries have been going through recession. It was believed that ongoing global financial crisis will not affect Bangladesh economy as badly as it can to other developed economy because economy of Bangladesh is not so dependent on international capital or foreign investment. But, still there are and will be some shocks of ongoing global financial crisis available for Bangladesh economy. So, Bangladesh economy will be affected by global financial crisis. Global financial crisis might reduce overseas job opportunities and export earnings. Global financial crisis may turn into a recession. Economy of developing countries including Bangladesh is already going through recession. Bangladesh is a low income country. If global financial crisis continuous then economy of Bangladesh will be suffering. Negative impacts of global financial crisis are beginning to show on the increasingly globalizing economy of Bangladesh. Export growth rate of Bangladesh has turned negative. Export of non-apparels items is being reduced. Depreciation of currencies by competing countries caused erosion of Bangladesh’s competitive strength in the global market. Remittance earnings could be badly affected in near future because number of job seekers going abroad halved as some countries either revoked or have stopped issuing...
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...The Global Financial Crisis: Impact on Bangladesh A.K.M. Atiqur Rahman Professor Department of Economics North South University Overview I. Introduction: Genesis and Spread of the Crisis. II. Global Recession and LDCs III. Impact on Bangladesh IV. Recession and Export from Bangladesh V. Exchange Rate Movement VI. Remittance VII. Import and Tax Revenue VIII. Overall Impact IX. Policy Implications I. Introduction: Genesis and Spread of the Crisis. • Root: Mispricing in the Massive Credit Default Swap Market • Sub prime Mortgage: Bank transferred credit risk to third party through the process of securitization ( MDS, CDO) • Reckless growth of sub prime mortgage-lower yield in risky mortgage • Arbitrage drove the yields on all bonds & loans down • Expansion of consumer credit, housing price bubble Intriduction continued • Unsustainability of Credit default swap and subprime mortgages exposed • Housing bubble burst → mortgage default → foreclosures→ bank and insurance failure→ credit freeze • Spillover of financial crisis to real economy through virulent credit crunch →depressed aggregate demand • Sub prime mortgage default led to spillover effects around the world (Europe and emerging economies) via an elaborate network of derivatives Continued . Global consequence of the crisis includes: • Sharp rise in Unemployment in the US, Job loss in few other countries • Sharp fall in the stock market price around the globe, current...
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...Mitch Abramson GOVT 123-01 Global Financial Crisis A collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage market and the bursting of the housing bubble in 2007 have had a ripple effect on the global economy. Furthermore, other weaknesses in the global financial system have surfaced. Some financial products and instruments have become so complex and twisted, that as things start to unravel, trust in the whole system started to fail. In turn lack of confidence in the economy has led to what is commonly referred to as the “great recession”. The question left to ask is, where do we go from here? The public is looking for an answer from economists to what will happen next. Because of the lack of certainty in the global forecasts, people are starting to lose confidence in the system. For example, in November 2008, the World Bank predicted the growth of the 2009 GDP to be 0.9%, while the International Monetary Fund predicted a 2.2% growth rate. In January 2009, the IMF revised its forecast to a 0.5% growth rate; two months later, the IMF revised its growth rate again by raising its forecast to 1%. Federal Reserve chairman, Ben Bernanke put it plainly in a speech given to the House Budget Committee by saying, “The uncertainty surrounding the outlook is unusually large.” Some economists have resorted to using three letters of the Roman alphabet to represent the future of the GDP growth. Those scenarios are the “U”, the “L”, and the “W” recovery. In a “U” style economy, economic growth will rapidly...
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...GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS The Global Financial Crisis is considered to be the worst financial crisis to hit the global economy since the Great Depression. Around the world, stock markets fell, financial institutes collapsed or were bought out, banks stopped business with each other and governments had to bail out their banks and financial institutions. This in turn caused lots of unemployment and collapse of the real estate market, contributing to failure of businesses and industries, decline in consumer wealth and a decline in economic activity leading to the Global Recession. The Financial Crisis may have showed some traces in 2007 but it really hit on 15th September 2008 when the United States Government allowed Lehman Brothers to go bankrupt, resulting in all banks deemed to be risky. The immediate cause of the crisis was the bursting of the United States housing bubble which had peaked in 2006.By September 2008, housing prices in the United States began to decline after hitting their peak in 2006.Easy credit and a belief that house prices would continue to appreciate had encouraged many subprime borrowers to obtain adjustable rate mortgages. These mortgages enticed borrowers with a below market interest rate for some time, followed by market interest rates for the remainder of the mortgage’s term. Borrowers who could not make higher payments once the initial grace period ended tried to refinance their mortgages. Refinancing became more difficult, once housing...
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...Running Head: GLOBAL FINANCIAL REPORTING: Global Financial Reporting: Why Move Toward Global Financial Reporting Connie Cerruto Student ID 3247960261 Accounting Capstone: Senior Seminar in Accounting ACC 499 005016 Winter Semester 2008 Submitted to Professor Tee Thein March 16, 2008 Dedication and Acknowledgement I would like to take this time to thank my husband, George, for all his support over this last ten weeks. For graciously doing the laundry, vacuuming, dusting, grocery shopping, meal preparing, and dishes so I had time complete the needed research for my paper. I appreciate the sacrifices you made to support me in my efforts of obtaining a Bachelors Degree in Accounting. Table of Contents Page Abstract 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 6 1.1 Background 6 1.2 Problem 7 1.3 Purpose 7 1.4 Scope 8 Chapter 2: Review of Literature 9 Chapter 3: Methodologies 12 3.1 Perspective 12 3.2 Research Procedure 12 Chapter 4: Development of Accounting Principles 17 4.1 History of Accounting Differences 17 4.1.1 Ancient Recordkeeping 17 4.1.2 Double-Entry Accounting 19 ...
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...What are the causes of the global financial crisis? Name: Course: Tutor: Date: What are the causes of the global financial crisis? Introduction Achieving stability has always been the number one priority in any county or organization. Financial stability is probably one of the most sort after achievement everywhere in the world. When a country or company fails to attaining financial stability then things are deemed to go wrong. The global financial crisis brought about the worst kind of financial instability in the global economy. It started in the United States and spread all over the world like wild fire. Even the top performing economies in Asia like China were not left out. This economic turbulence brought about both economic and social hardships (Helleiner,1994) . This was partly blamed on the already established Capitalist ideologies that prevailed especially in the United States. This crisis exposed most economies to financial difficulties as it proved the dependence of most nations on dollar denominated financial transactions. The only way to salvage these economies was through fiscal and monetary interventions by the Governments of the day. Bail-out packages were presented to major economy drivers and industries to help ease the financial crisis that had affected their operation. The collapsing of large financial institutions like the Lehman Brothers bank brought about a lot of chaos in the industry. Large bailout packages were used to help revive...
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...Impact of Global financial crisis On Pakistan By: Nauman Ayubi Butt Roll # 8511 Table of contents 1) Reason of choosing this topic 2) Introduction 3) The term ‘Financial Crises’ 4) Financial Crisis 2007-2009 5) Causes of the crisis 6) The crisis getting global 7) The Financial crisis and Pakistan: 8) Sectoral impact of the crisis in Pakistan: 9) External sector impact i) Exports ii) Imports 10) Financial Sector impact on i) Foreign exchange ii) Banking sector iii) Circular debt iv) Stock market: 11) Inflation 12) Economic business sector impact i) Impact on textile industry 13) Social Sector Impacts 14) Poverty and unemployment: 15) IMF 16) Technique to tackle the situation Reason for choosing this topic: The reason for choosing this topic is that it has a direct relationship with the poverty, unemployment, literacy, wealth distribution and also with the increased level of terrorism in Pakistan. Introduction: Capitalism is an economic system in which land labor production pricing and distribution are all determined by the market. There is a strong history of capitalism that it can shift from extended period of rapid growth to very short periods of contraction The global financial crisis in 2008-09 which are still on the go, they actually started from the 20th century and they have been increasing since then. In the end of 20th century the U.S housing prices after a multiyear started declining, the mortgage prices had been at...
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...Golden West Financial was one of the best savings and loans institutions operating in the banking industry during its time. There are many rules and regulations pertaining to banks operating in foreign countries. As a savings and loans institution, Golden West Financial would have to be very careful on where they decided to operate, if any where besides America. A country that I think would’ve been best suited for Golden West Financial is Europe. There are characteristics of the European banking and financing department that would assist in Golden West Financials success. Golden West Financial had many characteristics that were pertinent to their success. They originated high-quality loans and did not engage in subprime lending, closely monitored its loan portfolio, had regular contact with borrowers about their loans, and many more features that led to their success. (Golden West) Well the European market takes just as much pride in their daily operations as did Golden West Financial. “The key policy instrument to achieve this goal is the development, implementation and application of EU banking and financial conglomerates legislation with all stakeholders, covering regulatory and prudential rules for credit institutions, financial conglomerates and investment firms.” (Banking) Although, there are many rules and regulations domestically, it is important that the Government wants quality banks, credit institutions, financial conglomerates, and investment firms to operate...
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...After the Great Depression, Unstated States had 40 years or economic growth without a single financial crisis. One of the main reasons of that achievement was that the financial sector was tightly regulated. Investment banks were small private partnerships. Thus, the money cycle was carefully observed. One of the few financial innovations was introduced in the 1970s when the Government National Association (Ginnie Mae) put together the first mortgage-backed securities (Mihm & Roubini, 2010). However, financial regulations radically changed in the beginning of 1980 as Ronald Reagen became the President of USA. He gave the starting point of 30 years of deregulations. The world of the U.S. President Thomas Jefferson “I sincerely believe... that banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies” came popular. An important role into the deregulations played Alan Greenspan whom Reagan appointed as a chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank. He was also reappointed in Presidents Bill Clinton and George W Bush. An important for the volatility of the marker has the violation of Glass-Steagel act (which prevented banks with consumer deposits from engaging in risky investment banking activities ) by creating the Gream-Leach-Bliley act which overturned Glass-Steagel act. The American dream represents a set of ideas which are widely spread in the United States. The most important aspect of reaching the idea is represented in the ownership. It is a status symbol that differs...
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...Islamic Finance: A Therapy for Healing the Global Financial Crisis Miranti Kartika Dewi 1 *Researcher of Centre for Islamic Economics and Business ** Lecturer of Department of Accounting Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia Ilham Reza Ferdian * Student of Master of Science on Finance Programme Kuliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia ** Fellow of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia ABSTRACT Global financial crisis which hit many too-big-too-fail countries and financial institution in the world was mainly made happen by debt securitization. Derivative instruments resulted from this process obviously were not backed by real asset. When any party came up with investment on these instruments, the investment would never support the development of real sector economy, instead, it just worsen the situation by creating bubble economic. This condition becomes more harmful when the securitized debts default. This practice is strictly forbidden according to Islamic finance principles. It has inherent risk management tools to prevent the crisis. This paper attempts to examine the root of the financial crisis and find the solution from Islamic finance principles. Keywords: Financial crisis, Derivative, MBS, CDO, CDS, Islamic finance 1 Corresponding author can be contacted by email: miranti_k_dewi@yahoo.com. “The credit and capital markets have grown too rapidly...
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...Global economic slowdown and its impact on the financial services industry in India April 2009 The global slowdown was an outcome of two events - absence of a sound regulatory framework & mismatch between financial innovation and the ability of the regulators to monitor them immediate aim should be to fix the financial system and to maintain the aggregate demand at a high enough level to stimulate the real sector 2 Contents Executive summary 1. Global financial markets: A perspective 2. Indian financial services industry 3. Impact of the recession on the financial sector of the Indian economy 4. Future outlook 5. Conclusion Contacts 4 6 9 14 18 20 23 3 Executive summary The global economy is reeling with the impact of the ongoing recession which started with the sub-prime crisis in the United States and found its way to other developed and emerging economies of the world. This recession has its roots in the initial collapse of the financial sector. However, in a world that is more integrated within each country as well as across nations, the events in the financial sector have eventually trickled down to the real sector of the economies as well. Finance and financial markets play a dominant role in growth and development of modern economies – hence, any recovery from the current recession must be couched in an overall recovery of the health and performance of the financial sector. In the absence of mature financial markets in their own economies,...
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...ASX Information Paper Broker Trades Message Specification 29 January 2010 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................4 THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS ................................................................5 Credit and Debt Markets....................................................................................................5 Equity Markets ...................................................................................................................6 THE GFC AND EQUITY CAPITAL RAISING..................................................6 THE NATURE OF THE AUSTRALIAN EQUITY MARKET...........................10 THE STRUCTURE OF CAPITAL RAISING IN AUSTRALIA ........................12 Initial Equity Capital Raising...........................................................................................12 Secondary Equity Capital Raising..................................................................................15 Placements ................................................................................................................................. 21 Rights Issues .............................................................................................................................. 24 Share Purchase Plans ............................................
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...Positive and Negative Effects of the Global Financial Crisis Harlita H. Tomlinson Capella University BMGT8114: Accounting in the Global Era Dr. Wendy Achilles June 8,2014 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Positive and Negative Effects of the Global Financial Crisis 4 Background on the Global Financial Crisis 5 Global Financial Crisis and Its Negative Effects 9 Lack of Financial Sector Regulation and Oversights 9 Increase in the Number of Bankruptcies 11 Global Financial Crisis and Its Positive Effects 12 Designing Regulations to Monitor the Financial Sector 12 Global Governance as a Side Effect of the Global Financial Crisis 13 Lessons Learned 16 Domestic Lessons Learned 16 Global Lessons Learned 17 Lessons from Romania. 18 The Role of Financial Executives in GFC 19 Conclusions 21 References 24 Abstract The first financial crisis of the twenty-first century has not yet ended, according to Gorton and Metrick (2012), the wave of research on the crisis has already exceeded any single reader’s capacity, with the pace of new work only making this task harder. The Global Financial Crisis is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Global Financial Crisis resulted in the threat of the total collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, and market downturns around the world. In the aftermath of this crisis, the housing market declined significantly and has not...
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...Global Financial Crisis: The 2007–2012 global financial crisis, also known as the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), late-2000s financial crisis or the second "Great Recession", is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.[1] It resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments and downturns in stock markets around the world. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in numerous evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. It contributed to the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of US dollars, and a significant decline in economic activity, leading to a severeglobal economic recession in 2008.[2] The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of valuation and liquidity problems in the United States banking system in 2008.[3][4] The bursting of the U.S. housing bubble, which peaked in 2007, caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally.[5][6] Questions regarding bank solvency, declines in credit availability and damaged investor confidence had an impact on global stock markets, where securities suffered large losses during 2008 and early 2009. Economies worldwide slowed during this period, as credit tightened and international trade declined.[7] Governments and central banks responded with unprecedented fiscal stimulus...
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