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Global Trade

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Global Trade – Agricultural Dilemma
It is no surprise that global trade has considerably increased over the few decades. Global trade is and has been a major contributing factor in boosting growth to underdeveloped countries and improved the flow of capital investments. Global review of free trade policies and liberalization are important in trading across borders, but there are also significant problems regarding agriculture trade of developing economies. The economic growth and development of developing countries is extremely dependent upon their agriculture. Over the last few decades there have been persistent demands by developing countries for improvement in accessing world markets, the need for their agricultural exports, the need for better conditions, more competition and demands for differential treatment.
The governments of developing countries should be held accountable for the poverty that their people face. Their rules need to be disbanded and then the formation of new rules can help to regain their food security and foreign receipts of economies. The formation of new rules would help to bring down the poverty levels and enhance fairness between citizens. Liberalization and free trade can spark economic growth and help to reduce poverty in developing countries and is needed in order to enhance global trading (Shah, 2013). The World Trade Organization has made great strides in the agricultural trade reform, but we still have a ways to go.
Global agricultural trade issues have been around a long time with under developed countries. The twentieth century brought about problems that became more of a global concern. These problems posed a challenge to policy makers to address and build polices that can end the inhuman cycle of poverty. Is it acceptable that we live in a world where there is such a gap between the rich countries and the poorer economies? The deprived developing economies that are associated with these populations often survive less than two dollars or less a day (Shah, 2013). Adam Smith known as the father of modern capitalism stated, “No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable (Weinstein, 2008). Prior proposals made to stimulate economic growth and development of economies only addressed donor funding, population control and capital investment. Regardless of the attempts these proposals failed to spur growth, to development or to help with prosperity of developing economies; but it was viewed as a good measure to bring together different ideas to ultimately guarantee their development. In order to embrace development and break free of poverty economies that take advantage of global trade are much better off. The number of ways that economies can maximize the benefits of global trade is dependent upon the liberalization of domestic and international policies. Trade liberation despite the political governance of an economy, can increase a country’s economic activities (Global Trade, 2008). The revenues that global trades bring are extremely important in their developmental objectives as an economy. Through the use of national economic resources global trade is vital in order to bring improved living standards. Trade liberalization is also a necessity in order to enhance less developed economies. Countries should review their trade policies and make sure that they are meeting the international standard level (Odularu, Tambi, 2011). They need to engage in trade negotiations and verify that their trading boarders are not restrictive. This would develop a free flow of services and goods. Countries of developing economies also need to understand and adopt policies that will help them to develop. By having sound policies it will help to ward off policies that pose potential threats to their economic development.
Trade liberalization not only benefits underdeveloped economies, but benefits everyone. Unfortunately developing economies are still not able to fully benefit due to their dependence upon developed economies for aid. Developing economies need to tighten their borrowing policies in order to fully enjoy benefits from trade liberalization and free market. Countries will benefit more by freeing their own markets (FAO, 2003). Liberalization of agriculture will help developing economies. Especially since many of these economies have low incomes, and could gain a lot since they are largely dependent upon their agriculture for survival and growth.
Most developing countries livelihood are in agriculture and the produce makes up most of their exports. Exports tariffs pose a major threat to their survival. Problems with global trade that revolve around agriculture need to be resolved. Agriculture trade would develop countries with exacerbating poverty levels and help by positioning themselves with their trading partners.
It is more than unfortunate that developing economies are often faced with such problems that are interrelated. The size and how complex agricultural trade issues are is very unsettling. There are many that would prefer to return to the 1950s and 1960s when the United States was less affected by world economic and political events (Harris, Benson 2013). Unfortunately this will never happen and our world will continue to get smaller, interdependency amongst people of the world will continue to grow.
The instability of the global market will continue to constrain the development capability of lesser economies. The export price decline of agriculture produce largely affects the competitiveness of many third world countries (Global Trade, 2001). Their foreign exchange is affected and since these developing economies rely mostly on agriculture the people are unable to meet the cost of living. They also do not have the capacity to match international demands. The developing economies must continuously tighten their protection policies for agriculture, which also lessons any chance of benefiting from global trade due to free movement of goods from other trading states. Less developed economies are also unable to benefit from global trade because of their lack of production capacity. Even if the global agricultural market was more liberal the developing economies would still be at a disadvantage because of supply. In order to harness the full benefits of global trade, developing economies need to formulate sound and rational policies related to exports (FAO, 2003).
The World Trade Organization should address the problems related to agriculture trade and put more pressure on developing economies. By applying more pressure the opposing government may drop their protective measures and help the movement of products across borders. Negotiations may have to find creative solutions in addressing some long-standing, unique access arrangements on a basis which is fair and reasonable to all concerned (WTO, 2013).
Global trade has come a long way in improving the economies of many less developed economies by increasing capital investments that have opened up growth. Many economies are now able to break the cycle of poverty. Even though there have been many improvements we have yet to see the full potential. This is because there are many developing economies that need to embrace protective policies and others that are still burdened by foreign debt. Agriculture is the backbone of many economies and it experiences many problems internationally. The agriculture markets instability and pricing hinder development of underdeveloped economies. Global agricultural trade need to break through oppressive governments and form sound polices that protect the underdeveloped economies in order to make a difference in their trading boarders and help to stop the cycle of poverty.

References
Beghin , John Christopher . "Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries." IDEAS: Economics and Finance Research. N.p., 1 Jan. 2005. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. http://ideas.repec.org/b/wbk/wbpubs/7464.html
FAO - COMMITTEE ON COMMODITY PROBLEMS (64th Session). (2003, March 18). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved October 14, 2013, from http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/005/Y8319e/Y8319e00.htm
Global Trade Liberalization and the Developing Countries -- An IMF Issues Brief. (2001, November 1). Global Trade Liberalization and the Developing Countries -- An IMF Issues Brief. Retrieved October 24, 2013, from http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2001/110801.htm#i
Global Trade Liberalization and the Developing Countries -- An IMF Issues Brief. (2008, January 1). IMF -- International Monetary Fund Home Page. Retrieved October 14, 2013, from http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2001/110801.htm#ii
Harris, H. M., & Benson, G. A. (2013, January 1). Agriculture in a World Economy. North Carolina Cooperative Extension | Empowering People – Providing Solutions. Retrieved October 20, 2013, from http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/agecon/trade/one.html
Odularu, D. G., & Tambi, D. E. (2011, December 1). ICTSD • Establishment of standards for international agricultural trade: Promoting Africa’s participation. ICTSD • International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development. Retrieved October 20, 2013, from http://ictsd.org/i/news/tni/121368/
Shah, A. (2013, January 7). Poverty Facts and Stats — Global Issues. Global Issues : social, political, economic and environmental issues that affect us all — Global Issues. Retrieved October 19, 2013, from http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats
Weinstein, J. (2008, March 20). Smith, Adam [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved October 14, 2013, from http://www.iep.utm.edu/smith/
"WTO | News - speech - DG Mike Moore - WTO Negotiations: Agriculture and Developing Countries." World Trade Organization - Home page. N.p., 1 Jan. 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spmm_e/spmm47_e.htm.

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