...Global Trade – Agricultural Dilemma It is no surprise that global trade has considerably increased over the few decades. Global trade is and has been a major contributing factor in boosting growth to underdeveloped countries and improved the flow of capital investments. Global review of free trade policies and liberalization are important in trading across borders, but there are also significant problems regarding agriculture trade of developing economies. The economic growth and development of developing countries is extremely dependent upon their agriculture. Over the last few decades there have been persistent demands by developing countries for improvement in accessing world markets, the need for their agricultural exports, the need for better conditions, more competition and demands for differential treatment. The governments of developing countries should be held accountable for the poverty that their people face. Their rules need to be disbanded and then the formation of new rules can help to regain their food security and foreign receipts of economies. The formation of new rules would help to bring down the poverty levels and enhance fairness between citizens. Liberalization and free trade can spark economic growth and help to reduce poverty in developing countries and is needed in order to enhance global trading (Shah, 2013). The World Trade Organization has made great strides in the agricultural trade reform, but we still have a ways to go. Global agricultural...
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...Topic 4 Managing The Environment What’s Your Global Perspective? • Parochialism - viewing the world solely through your own perspectives, leading to an inability to recognize differences between people. • Ethnocentric Attitude - the parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country. Other Global Perspectives • Polycentric Attitude - the view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business. • Geocentric Attitude - a world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe. Understanding the Global Environment – Trading Alliances • European Union (EU) - a union of 27 European nations created as a unified economic and trade entity with the Euro as a single common currency. Exhibit 4-1 European Union Map Trading Alliances (cont.) • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) - an agreement among the Mexican, Canadian, and U.S. governments in which certain barriers to trade have been eliminated. Trading Allowances (cont.) • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - A trading alliance of 10 Southeast Asian nations Exhibit 4-2 ASEAN Map Global Trade Mechanisms • World Trade Organization (WTO) - a global organization of 153 countries that deals with the rules of trade among nations. • International Monetary Fund (IMF) - an organization of 185 countries that promotes international monetary cooperation...
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...In 2008 when the global economy took a turn for the worst Canada managed to come out on top. This is thanks to the export of natural resources and commodities. The Canadian government immediately took charge and start making budget cuts in order to have a full recovery by 2015. (D.R., 2011) Canada has a large threat in its path; its dependence on the outside world. Canada fared much better than was expected while other countries throughout the world declined and fell into a recession. There are nine specific key indicators that are important to consider when talking about Canadian economy. These are employment, unemployment, composite leading index, housing starts, consumer price index, real gross domestic product, retail sales volume, merchandise exports, and merchandise imports. (Statistics Canada, 2011) Employment and Unemployment In November 2011 the unemployment rate was set at 7.4%. The average unemployment rate in Canada from 1976 to 2010 was 8.53. (Trading Economics, 2011)The employment force is the number of people employed plus the number of people looking for employment. (Trading Economics, 2011) Unemployment includes those not looking for work, people in the military, and people institutionalized. (Trading Economics, 2011) Canada was able to add 93,000 jobs in June 2011, in effect dropped the unemployment rate to below the 8% mark. The gains in the labour force will offset nearly all of the losses that were a result of the downturn in 2008. (Contenta...
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...Introduction to World Trade Organization (WTO) The WTO is the single international organization that is operating worldwide and it deals with the trading rules and regulation between the countries around the globe. The organization majorly supervises and opens up the trading activities that are taken place among the countries. There are the agreements and the negotiations that are signed by the number of the trading countries around the world and are approved within the WTO’s parliaments. The aim of the services provided by the WTO is to assist the manufacturers and the providers of the goods and services and the importers and exporters to carry out their business. The WTO is administered by its member governments. All the chief decisions are carried out as a whole by all the member ministers or by the ambassadors or delegates of WTO. The meeting among the ambassadors is regularly carried out in Geneva. The organization is also highly concerned with the dispute resolution processes among the trading countries; therefore the organization enforces the participating countries to comply with the trading laws and rules that are set under the WTO agreements. Roles played by WTO There are various roles related to trading activities that are played by WTO. It is the responsibility of WTO to evaluate and regulate the national and international trade policies and to make sure that the established trade policies are consistent and are relevant and transparent through the surveillance...
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...BACKGROUND OF EXPORT TRADING 2.1 China 2.2 Hong Kong 3 TYPES OF EXPORT GOODS AND SERVICES 3.1 China 3.2 Hong Kong 4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 4.1 China 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 5 5.1 Participation of Global Trade Association Foreign Direct Investment Currency Valuation Structural Changes Free Trade Policy Close Economic Partnership Arrangement with Mainland China Availability of Venture Capital 4.2 Hong Kong MARKET CHALLENGES AND TRENDS China’s Challenges 5.1.1 Inflation 5.1.2 Government Interference 5.1.3 Social Unrest 5.1.4 Unbalanced Regional Development 5.1.5 Low Domestic Consumption 5.1.6 Poor Technology & Substandard Products 5.2 Hong Kong’s Challenges 5.2.1 Global Markets 5.2.2 Emerging Markets in Asia 5.2.3 Increasing Competition 5.2.4 Change of Export Business 6 HONG KONG SUSTINAED COMPETITION POSITION 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Better Trading Cooperation Doing-Business Climate Better Transportation Means Advanced Info-Communication Network Skillful and Technical Manpower 7 CONCLUSION REFERENCES & APPENDIX Macroeconomics Individual Paper 2 DSME 5011 - Economics Clara Tak-Wai LAW EXECUTIVE SUMMARY China becomes the 1st exporter in the world after 25% rise in 2009 and export is the major contribution of its economic development in the past decades. Accelerated growth of the world export share was to 40% from 8% in 5-years time. The combined factors driving China’s success are the participation of the World Trade Organization (hereafter...
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...MTGS7601 Individual Organisation Problem Analysis MF Global Case Study Word count: 2442 Jinghua Chen 43775275 Table of Contents 1.0 introduction...............................................................................................................................................2 2.0 Background 2 3.0 problems statements................................................................................................................................2 4.0 PROBLEMS ANALYSIS..............................................................................................................................................3 5.0 ORGANISTION RESPONSE...............................................................................................................................8 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS......................................................................................................................................9 7.0 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................................................10 REFERENCE LIST..................................................................................................................................................11 APPENDICES.......................................................................................................................................................15 1.0. Introduction The purpose of this report...
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...CHAPTER – 1 STOCK & EQUITY MARKET GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT | 1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT STOCK AND EQUITY MARKET GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT | 2 1.1 What is Stock ? In finance, a stock represents a share in the ownership of an incorporated company. In Industrial societies wealth used in production is owned in the aggregate mostly by Corporations rather than by individuals because of the huge investments required. This trend began in 17th-century England when merchants formed JOINT-STOCK COMAPNIES, pooling capital to be used jointly in trading and manufacturing. Participants then received dividends, shares of the common PROFIT proportionate to their original investments. The Definition of a Stock : Plain and simple, stock is a share in the ownership of a company. Stock represents a claim on the company’s assets and earnings. As you acquire more stock, your ownership stake in the company becomes greater. Whether you say shares, equity, or stock, it all means the same thing. The wealth of individuals includes claims against, or investments in, corporations. These are called securities, the two most common being bonds and stocks. Corporate bonds are evidences of corporate debt to the bondholder. Stocks are evidences of ownership, or equity. GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT | 3 Investors buy stock in the hope that it will yield income from dividends and appreciate, or grow, in value. 1.2 History of Stock Market Indian Stock...
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...Contents page Executive summary 1. Introduction............................................................................. 2. Single European Market........................................................... 2.1 Single European Act 1986................................................... 2.2 Benefits and costs............................................................... 3. EU Policies................................................................................... 3.1 The free trade policy............................................................. 3.2 Global Market........................................................................ 3.2.1 NAFTA & MERCOSAR................................................. 3.2.2 APEC........................................................................... 3.2.3 EU Vs Global Markets................................................. 4. Corporate Social Responsibility....................................................... 4.1 CSR and BP- Olympics in London; 2012..................................... 4.2 BP vs. the Consumer.................................................................. 4.3 Russian takeover with sex parties............................................. 5. Environmental policies.................................................................... 5.1 Kyoto protocol and the EU........................................................ 5.2 The EU and the environment.......................................
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...EFR/GS1 US Committee for their work on this paper. Additionally, the following participants of the committee were critical to the development of this document. Data Synchronization Committee Mark Barnekow Todd Brindley Allan Eklund Jodi Miller Pam Tann Lela Tripp Janet Zlokovich Amphire ConAgra Foods United Foodservice Purchasing Co-op, LLC Land O’ Lakes, Inc. SYSCO, Inc Tyson Foods, Inc Answers Systems, Inc IFDA is a Washington, D.C. based trade organization representing foodservice distributors throughout the U.S., Canada, and internationally. IFDA’s 130+ members include broadline, systems, and specialty foodservice distributors that supply food and related products to restaurants, institutions, and other food away from home foodservice operations. IFDA members operate more than 550 facilities, and sell more than $75 billion in food and related products to the fastest growing sector in the food industry. GS1 US is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the adoption and implementation of standards-based, global supply chain solutions. GS1 US-based solutions, including business processes, GS1 Business Message Standards using Extensible Markup Language (XML), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), and the bar code identification standards of the GS1 System, formerly the EAN.UCC System, are currently used by more than one million companies worldwide. EFR/GS1 US Committee Participants Diane Albright Vaishali Angal David Aulen Bill Barker Mark Barnekow Paul Borrusch...
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...faster than ever. As developing countries begin to play an important role in the world economy, the global markets are becoming more integrated than ever before. Products that are made in a different continent can be available in other countries within days. Important developments and the integration of countries as trade partners have greatly influenced the progress of the world markets and provided economic benefits to countries that were missing this profitable opportunity. Hyperglobalist perspective of globalization is certainly the approach that privileges the world economies. Currently, the world economies are being benefitted by the disappearance of trade borders. The world as we knew it is not the same. Dependence on other countries products or services is more relevant than ever before. With new technological developments and faster modes of transportation, communication and distances between countries have been reduced significantly. They can move their products faster and efficiently. Countries that did not have any important interest or participation in the markets are now being rewarded by concentrating their resources particularly on what they best produce, giving them a comparative advantage in the global economy. This is one of the benefits found in this new structure of the world economy. Even though some countries are worse off and affected by this type of trade, nearly all countries have a comparative advantage in producing goods that can be exploited for a...
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...Regional Integration for and Against Articles Mark Drury 445 March 9, 2011 Dr. Paul Mahajan Regional Integration for and Against Articles A trade bloc can be defined as a preferential trade agreement between two countries and is designed to significantly reduce trade barriers between the two countries. The integration of countries into trade blocs is commonly referred to as “regionalism” and it does not matter if the trade bloc has a geographical basis or not. They first started in the 1930’s. The main trade blocs of the world are: (1) in Europe, the European Union (EU), the European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA), the European Agreements, and the European Economic Area (EEA); (2) with the United States, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA), and the US-Israel Free Trade Agreement; (3) in Latin America, the Common Market of the South Latin American Integration Association (LAIA), and the Caribbean Community and Common Market(CARICOM) (Jones, 2010) Trade blocs are good because they remove trade barriers between countries. They also regulate the price and trade terms of trade between the two countries. Trade blocs also have a positive impact on welfare if they are more trade creating and less trade diverting. “George Orwell predicted that trade blocs would evolve into continent-spanning empires with ever-changing alliances. The eastward expansion of the EU and use of the Euro, southern expansion of NAFTA into the...
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...Canada: A trading nation? You are preparing for a top-level meeting between the Minister of International Trade, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and senior business executives representing several multinational corporations as well as a large group of small- and medium-size enterprises. The objective of the meeting is to discuss Canada’s strategy in responding to the changing global business environment. Expectations are high since everyone wishes to move beyond political pronouncements and joint statements, to specific strategies and actions. The Trade Canada Summit is raising expectations and all are committed to motivating a call to action across major stakeholders engaged in international commerce. While Canadians like to refer to the country as a “trading nation”—partly because of history and partly because of the large impact of trade on the Canadian economy today, leading practitioners and senior officials recognize several truths: Your role Canadian trade is highly concentrated in import/export activities with the United States Certain industry sectors such as automotive and resource-based businesses account for a disproportionately large amount of Canada’s trade Intra-company trade—transfers of resources between affiliated companies—is an important part of Canada’s “export” business The hard reality being confronted, and one which serves as a critical backdrop for this meeting, is the realization that by current standards, Canada does NOT qualify...
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...overview of International Trade International trade allows us to expand our markets for both goods and services that otherwise may not have been available to us. It is the reason why you can pick between a Japanese, German or American car. As a result of international trade, the market contains greater competition and therefore more competitive prices, which brings a cheaper product home to the consumer. “International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries.” This type of trade gives rise to a world economy, in which prices, or supply and demand, affect and are affected by global events. Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries. Almost every kind of product can be found on the international market today. A product that is sold to the global market is an export, and a product that is bought from the global market is an import. Imports and exports are accounted for in a country's current account in the balance of payments. Global trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources - whether labor, technology or capital - more efficiently. Because countries are endowed with different assets and natural resources (land, labor, capital and technology), some countries may produce the same good more efficiently and therefore sell it more cheaply than other countries. If a country cannot efficiently produce an item, it can obtain the item by trading with another country...
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...I truly learned a lot. With an international business it has various key learning concepts including entry to new markets, trade and foreign direct investments, politics, economics and environmental variables of culture. Each of these concepts carries a different definition as well as the same intent. Globalization by definition means a “trend toward greater economic, cultural, political, and technological independence among national institutions and economies.” (p 7) Within globalization it is very important that the particular company that plans to expand beyond the borders of their home office must understand that going global is not just looking at the global aspext and not taking the time to properly invest money, time, and strategy. For example when Apple began to go global they took the time that was necessary to properly strategize on how to get their product from beyond the four walls of the Apple brand. Globalization has good parts as well as bad parts. The good part about globalization is that the particular brand that is going global has the potential of reaching more than just one particular group. However on the reverse side of globalization when taking your company to the next level especially when going global you run the risk of having to move your production from for example “America” to a place like “China”. International trade is something that is very important in international...
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...Case Study #1: Canada in the Global Business Environment Canada: A trading nation? You are preparing for a top-level meeting between the Minister of International Trade, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and senior business executives representing several multinational corporations as well as a large group of small- and medium-size enterprises. The objective of the meeting is to discuss Canada’s strategy in responding to the changing global business environment. Expectations are high since everyone wishes to move beyond political pronouncements and joint statements, to specific strategies and actions. The Trade Canada Summit is raising expectations and all are committed to motivating a call to action across major stakeholders engaged in international commerce. While Canadians like to refer to the country as a “trading nation”—partly because of history and partly because of the large impact of trade on the Canadian economy today, leading practitioners and senior officials recognize several truths: • Canadian trade is highly concentrated in import/export activities with the United States • Certain industry sectors such as automotive and resource-based businesses account for a disproportionately large amount of Canada’s trade • Intra-company trade—transfers of resources between affiliated companies—is an important part of Canada’s “export” business The hard reality being confronted, and one which serves as a critical backdrop for this meeting, is the realization that...
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