...Republic of the Philippines SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY Lianga Campus Lianga, Surigao del Sur _________________________________________________________________¬_ Final Examination in MAEM 207 Organizational Development and Management Test I- Say something about the following choose only 3. (5 points each). 1. Globalization Vs. Localization in Education 2. Organizational Management Vs. Organizational Development 3. Organizational Effectiveness Vs. Organizational Efficiency 4. Management Control Vs. Management Evaluation 5. Management Theories Vs. Management Approaches Test – II- Answer the following in questions substantially. Select only 3. ( 20 points each) 1. Discuss the framework of Organizational Development. Cite at least 3 theories as its foundation. Explain its roles or contribution towards organizational change and effectiveness. 2. Identify the complete O.D. process according to Newstrom and Davis. Explain each component viz-a-viz the concept and praxis in the context of school management. 3. Gender and Development ( GAD) is an issues (given) to be addressed by every Agency of the Government. In the context of educational, how will you address this in your school management and development? 4. Total Quality Management (TQM) by Deming is a challenging strategy. Identify or trace its effectiveness to organizational management and development. 5. Attaining Development or success in an organization in a matter of leadership...
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...Kenneth Meniatis Ajan Wannapa International Relations Globalization Looking back on high school, I can recall walking through the hallways, seeing people and groups of all kinds. The hallways were lined with various groups of different people with diverse ideas and opinions. I, myself, was part of one of these groups. However, my clique inter-mingled with others as we exchanged our ideas, opinions, and experiences. There were some various cliques that did the same; as they did not isolate themselves from the rest of high school life. However, there were also other kinds of groups which committed themselves to their group solely, isolating themselves from everyone else. Now, let’s take these cliques and groups and turn them into full-scale nations. The high school, in turn, becomes the world. The cliques that stayed isolated would be classified under the term, localization. The people that intertwined with others would be classified under the term, globalization. There are advantages and disadvantages to both globalization and localization. Globalization encourages going beyond territorial boundaries to discover new political, economic, and social aspects that would benefit the citizens and the nation. Politically, globalization supports developments that expand authority, policies, and interests beyond these boundaries. Governments now will look to foreign governments for assistance if they are facing a difficult situation. Governments will also incorporate foreign political...
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...Notes, IB test 1 related to the customization vs standardization debate. Traditionally, purely environmental bases (geographic, political, economic, and cultural) were used as bases for international market segmentation. Proposes that international marketers group relevant markets based on both environmental as well as marketing management bases. The marketing management bases are classified as: (1) product-related; (2) promotion-related; (3) price-related; and (4) distribution-related Compare and contrast standardization with customization of international marketing strategies. The notion of globalization - a global firm pursuing a global strategy - is very appealing to managers. (Hardy, 1994, p365). As soon as the firms decide to expand into the global marketplace, the international marketing manager should determine what strategy would be adopted to mix the four P's of marketing: product, pricing, promotion, and place in the complex environment in future. In other words, the manager must decide either the standardisation strategy or customization strategy is suitable for the particular foreign market. 1.The meanings of standardization and customization strategies Standardization became a popular buzzword in the 1980s, as proponents such as Kenichi Ohmate argued that customers in the Triad were becoming increasingly alike, with similar incomes, educational achievements, lifestyles, and aspirations. (Manoney, Trigg, Griffin, and Pustay, 1998, p612). Therefore, standardization...
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...Midterm Review Globalization * Definition: interdependent, integrate * Production- factors of production- land labor capital * Endowment theory * Lower overall cost * Markets- merging markets * Economies of scale * Institutions * Drivers- decline in barriers, tech changes * Implications: * Lower barriers: optimal location * Tech changes: lower costs * 4 trends in changing demographics * MNE- types of companies involved * Democratic politics, free market economies The World Is: * Prusak- distinguish information from knowledge (difference) * IMPORTANT- the issue of access to info- but no knowledge * Ghemawat- 10% presumption, factors of time zones, languages, proximity shows that distance does matter, the world isn’t flat Opportunities & Challenges of globalization for managers * Differences of managing international vs. domestic * Boeing: benefits of globalization maximize efficiency of production but actually caused problems; lack of planning, communication, not simple for this industry (knowledge intensive industry) better for in house Localization * Standardization is ending, consumers are diverse- customization for local * Data analysis & innovation * Centralized vs localized * SWOT analysis National Differences * Political economy- system of gov. Political, economic & legal influence each other. Collective vs individualism ...
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...Introduction Globalization is refers to a process in which enhance the interaction among people, companies and government of different nationalities through integrating their economic, financial, trade and communicational capabilities. As a result, those distinct world economies are converged in to one huge integrated and interdependent world economy With the emergence of globalization and as a result of diminishing trade and investment barriers, the domestic businesses got opportunities to spread their business throughout the world by entering to much larger international markets, in the form of international, multinational, transnational and as global corporations. And that’s where the concern of international marketing emerged. The efficiency and effectiveness in the international marketing strategies could enhanced through advanced communication such as social media and promotion by emails and transportation technologies where marketers can use logistic services such as DHL and FedEx, by mobility of finance in transactions could support using PayPal American express, visa and etc. When consider about the globalizations’ impact towards international marketing its essential to give priority to some concepts. Globalization of production, standardisation vs. adaptation, financial risks, Globalization of production In the phase of creating the customer value, where the international marketers need to concern on producing goods and services, globalization of production...
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...Slide 4. 1 Chapter 4 E-Environment David Chaffey, E-Business & E-Commerce Management, 5th Edition, © Marketing Insights Limited 2012 Slide 4. 2 Learning Outcomes • Identify the different elements of an organization macro-environment that impact on an organization‟s e-business and e-marketing strategy • Assess the impact of legal, privacy and ethical constraints or opportunities on a company • Assess the role of macro-economic factors such as economics, governmental e-business policies, taxation and legal constraints. David Chaffey, E-Business & E-Commerce Management, 5th Edition, © Marketing Insights Limited 2012 Slide 4. 3 Management Issues • What are the constraints such as legal issues placed by the e-environment on developing and implementing an e-business strategy? • How can trust and privacy be assured for the customer while seeking to achieve marketing objectives of customer acquisition and retention? • Assessment of the business relevance of technological innovation. David Chaffey, E-Business & E-Commerce Management, 5th Edition, © Marketing Insights Limited 2012 1 Slide 4. 4 Activity 4.1 Introduction to Social, Legal and Ethical Issues • List all the social, legal and ethical issues that the manager of a sell-side e-commerce website needs to consider to avoid damaging relationships with users of his or her site or which may leave the company facing prosecution. You can base your answer on issues which may concern...
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...What are the Characteristics of globalization? Arvind Kumar The main features of globalization are stated below. 1. Liberalisation: The freedom of the industrialist/businessman to establish industry, trade or commerce either in his country or abroad; free exchange of capital, goods, service and technologies between countries; 2. Free Trade: Free trade between countries; absence of excessive governmental control over trade; 3. Globalization of Economic Activities: Control of economic activities by domestic market and international market; coordination of national economy and world economy; 4. Connectivity: Localities being connected with the world by breaking national boundaries; forging of links between one society and another, and between one country and another through international transmission of knowledge, literature, technology, culture and information. 5. Borderless Globe: Breaking of national barriers and creation of inter- connectedness; the ideal of 'borderless globe' articulated by Kenichi Ohmae. 6. A Composite Process: Integration of nation-states across the world by common economic, commercial, political, cultural and technological ties; creation of a new world order with no national boundaries; 7. A Multi-dimensional Process: Economically, it means opening up of national market, free trade and commerce among nations, and integration of national economies with the world economy. Politically, it means limited powers and functions of state, more...
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...sourcing, Scandinavian heritage is important for sustainable competitive advantage of the company. IKEA’s followed a well defined product strategy which was based on identifying consumer trends and then building products across these trends. The company followed a matrix style approach which consisted of pricing and style . This matrix was different for each products. This matrix helped identified the products retail price . The company worked with 1800 suppliers across 50 countries. The company’s different units and entire operations focused on Quality products at low prices. Key Issues Changes in consumer taste and preference -Over the years IKEA refined its product design, retail approach to suit its consumers. Globalization vs. Localization – In order to remain competitive and achieve market share in newer geography IKEA needs to understand the local market and change marketing mix according to local consumer lifestyle & preference. The furniture market was widely divided between low end, high end , single brand and multiple brand retailers with increasing...
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...Assignment 2: Case Study essay Subject Code : TBS906 Subject Name : Information Systems for Managers Due Date : May 9th, 2012 Submission Date : May 9th, 2012 Submitted to Ph.D. Kathy Ning Shen Prepared by Name : Abdulghafor Al Saeed ID : 3730499 Phone : +971 50 6153914 email : aaias996@uowmail.edu.au Table of Contents ABSTRACT 3 1. INTRODUCTION 4 1.1. GOOGLE EXPANSION IN BRIEF… 4 1.2. HOW GOOGLE BENEFIT US? GOOGLE PRODUCTS… 4 2. GOOGLE IS INNOVATION & COMPETITIVE FORCE 5 3. GOOGLE TRANSNATIONAL GLOBALIZATION 6 3.1. GOOGLE ADAPTING “FLAT WORLD” 6 3.2. GLOBALIZATION CHALLENGES 6 3.3. GOOGLE VS. GLOBAL ECONOMY 6 4. GOOGLE SERVICES SECURITY 7 5. REFERENCES 8 Abstract In the following report I analyzed the case study in discussion – Google Inc. – from the prospective of Information Systems related topics studied during this semester. These data represented in order to reach for better understanding of the relation between the success of Google & the Information system setup, infrastructure & strategy implemented in Google. 1. Introduction 1.1. Google expansion in brief… Founded by to colleagues “Larry Page & Sergey Brin” Google started in 1996 with the name of “BackRub”, it was a search engine that meant to use links to determine the importance of an individual webpages. (Google Mission 2012) In 1998; this search engine that they...
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...6/1/2015 Amazon.com’s European Distribution Strategy In January 2003, Tom Taylor, Amazon.com’s Director of European Supply Chain Operations, sat in his office in Slough, United Kingdom, and pondered what changes Amazon needed to make to sustain its growth in Europe. Established in the fall of 1998 through the acquisitions of two on-line Logistics Planning & Modelling Techniques booksellers, Bookpages.co.uk in Britain and Telebuch.de in Germany, Amazon.com’s European Distribution Strategy International, comprising Amazon Europe and Amazon Japan, now Amazon Europe had developed into three strong, independently run, country-based organizations in the UK, Germany, and France. Amazon represented 35% of Amazon revenues and was the fastest growing segment of the company (see Exhibit 1). Amazon.com’s European Distribution Strategy Amazon.com’s European Distribution Strategy Amazon.com’s European Distribution Strategy Amazon.com’s European Distribution Strategy To sustain its growth, Amazon Europe faced multiple expansion Taylor felt that a lot had been accomplished since his arrival six months options: it could replicate the broad array of product lines Amazon earlier. His team had managed to standardize and improve supply offered in the US, launch new Marketplacea activities, or expand into chain processes across Europe in the areas of vendor management, other European countries. In addition, Amazon Europe had to decide ...
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...Implementation and Standardization Strategies Success in today’s business world implies that all aspects of planning be utilized to the fullest. This includes the analysis segmentation and targeting of a potential market to facilitate sales whether retail, local, or global. When these protocol are combined this results in implementation and standardization strategies. Current research also show that, “targeting implementation also implies developing media and message strategies to reach each selected segment”(Johansson, 2009). Team A will construct a document that reviews the implementation strategy for their products which includes the protocol to be used in the global standardization of the merchandise. Factors influencing local and foreign buyer behavior There are many factors that could influence the local and foreign buyer behavior but in this paper, we will focus on four major aspects of influencing. The four key components that we will elaborate on are Cultural, Social, Personal, and Psychological factors. These four key components can be interchanged on the local and foreign buyers market. Understand these particular factors will not only be a good basis for a successful product launch but it can also help bridge the gap within global affairs and communication. Cultural factors involve many situations depending on the country of orgin, or if there is a specific need for the product within that country. According to Perrau, Culture is essential when it comes...
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...International Business Linked to globalization Globalization 1. What is it ? It is a process where the world is moving away from independent countries to interconnected counties 2. Status ( where we are + measurements) Wave of globalization after WOII * 50 – 60 domination of the US (“free market wave”) The trade rules are set by the US * Now domination China, Asia US domination is gone, different countries dominate the world The demographics of the world economy has changed How do you measure globalization? * University of zurich * http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch/ The KOF Index of Globalization measures the three main dimensions of globalization: 1. Economic globalization * Actual flows (37%) * Trade (percentage of GDP) * Foreign direct investement, flows (percentage of GDP) * Portfolio investement (percentage of GDP) * Income payments of foreign nationals (percentage of GDP) * Restrictions * Hidden import barriers * Mean tariff rate * Taxes on international trade (percentage of current revenue) 2. Social (39%) * Data on personal contact * Data on information flows 3. political. (25%) * Embassieses 3. Types of globalization 1. Globalization of products 2. Globalization of markets Active vs passive globalization Globalization can also be passive. Companies that do not want to globalize...
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...the period. | 1. Introduction. Provide a brief focus statement about your paper and what the reader can expect. 2. Global World Economy. Discuss the importance of globalization in today’s global economy. 3. Cultural and Political Differences. Discuss cultural and political differences that global managers consider when expanding abroad. Are values and ethics different in each culture? Explain. 4. Going Global Strategies. Explain why companies are forced to expand globally. Discuss possible strategies for competing globally. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies and policies that firms use to enter foreign markets. What are the main factors that influence a firm’s decision of market entry? 5. Suggestions and Recommendations. Provide practical and specific recommendations and suggestions for managers and expatriate to expand in this country of your choice for this project. 6. Summary. Provide a few concluding paragraphs about what your paper discussed and how it can be beneficial for practitioners. Introduction This paper will The New Global Economy Hill (2011) defines globalization as the multifaceted shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. It includes the globalization of markets and the globalization of production. The...
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...Confirming Pages CONTENTS PREFACE xv PART 1 CHAPTER 1 GLOBAL MARKETING ENVIRONMENTS 1 Understanding Global Markets and Marketing 2 markets are becoming global 2 globalization: the world is becoming smaller 3 globalization and global marketing 4 Globalization: Opportunity or Threat? The Global Marketing Approach 6 6 global marketing and global markets 7 the cage distance framework 7 domestic and global marketing compared 8 Geographic or Spatial Distance 10 Psychic/Cultural Distance 12 The EPRG Framework 13 Developing Global Marketing Strategy 14 The Standardization versus Localization–Adaptation School 14 Levitt and the Globalization of Marketing 16 Standardization versus Mass Customization 17 Managing the Firm’s Value Chain 18 Global Value Chain Configuration 19 Integrating the Firm’s Competitive Strategy 20 Global Competition 20 a global marketing management framework Global Marketing Performance 22 Global Vision—The World Is My Oyster CASE 1-1 CASE 1-2 CHAPTER 2 21 23 A Tortuous Road Ahead for Proton of Malaysia 26 Dabur—Developing Values in an Emerging Economy Through Value Chain and Product Line 31 Assessing the Global Marketing Environment—The Global Economy and Technology 36 the global economy 37 Economic Growth and World Trade 37 Who Are the United States’ Major Customers? 38 High Tech Products Lead World Trade 40 Characteristics of High Technology Markets 42 Technology and Global...
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...DOES CULTURE MATTER? BY SHRUTI BALABHADRA DM16144 In the yearly part of the 21st century Thomas L. Friedman published the bestseller “The World is Flat: A brief History of the 21st century” which was an international hit. The author stated that the world has become a flat and levelled field with respect to commerce thus in turn giving equal opportunity to competitors across the globe. Further, it stated that we have reached a time where geographical, cultural and historical divisions have become insignificant in terms of a trade culture. Friedman stated ten “Flatteners” that have levelled the global map: * The Berlin wall collapse: the downfall of communism was a primary breakthrough in terms of freedom of trade, content creation and an opportunity for the world to connect with each other. * Netscape: when the company went public, it gave rise to a new era of digitization where anyone could access and information form any part of the world. * “Workflow software”: the rise of new programming languages and machines resulted in the rise of a global platform for new multinational collaborations. Also called as the “Genesis Moment of the flat world”, it gave rise to the rest of the global flatteners. * Uploading: people were uploading and working together on online assignments from different parts of the world. * Outsourcing: this has helped companies in mass distribution where services and other activities like manufacturing have been segregated for better...
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