...Globalization vs. Localization Discussion Points: 1. Leave it to the corporations, bankers and global bureaucracies – “the only route out of poverty for the world's poor” – to do the planning and solve the world's problems. So far, almost all of the evidence from the past three decades (1970-2000) - the period of economic globalization's most rapid ascendancy - shows that it is bringing exactly the opposite outcome that its advocates claim. Clearly, poverty and inequality are rapidly accelerating everywhere on earth. A 1999 report by the United Nations Development Program found that inequalities between rich and poor within and among countries are quickly expanding, and that the global trading and finance system is one of the primary causes. Even the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) confirms the United Nations' (UN) conclusions, agreeing that globalization brings massive inequalities. The benefits of globalization do not reach the poor, says the CIA, and the process inevitably brings increased global protest and chaos. Robert Wade of the London School of Economics, wrote in The Economist (2001), "Global inequality is worsening rapidly...Technological change and financial liberalization result in a disproportionately fast increase in the number of households at the extreme rich end, without shrinking the distribution at the poor end...From 1988 to 1993, the share of the world income going to the poorest 10 percent of the world's population fell by over a quarter...
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...Kenneth Meniatis Ajan Wannapa International Relations Globalization Looking back on high school, I can recall walking through the hallways, seeing people and groups of all kinds. The hallways were lined with various groups of different people with diverse ideas and opinions. I, myself, was part of one of these groups. However, my clique inter-mingled with others as we exchanged our ideas, opinions, and experiences. There were some various cliques that did the same; as they did not isolate themselves from the rest of high school life. However, there were also other kinds of groups which committed themselves to their group solely, isolating themselves from everyone else. Now, let’s take these cliques and groups and turn them into full-scale nations. The high school, in turn, becomes the world. The cliques that stayed isolated would be classified under the term, localization. The people that intertwined with others would be classified under the term, globalization. There are advantages and disadvantages to both globalization and localization. Globalization encourages going beyond territorial boundaries to discover new political, economic, and social aspects that would benefit the citizens and the nation. Politically, globalization supports developments that expand authority, policies, and interests beyond these boundaries. Governments now will look to foreign governments for assistance if they are facing a difficult situation. Governments will also incorporate foreign political...
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...Slide 4. 1 Chapter 4 E-Environment David Chaffey, E-Business & E-Commerce Management, 5th Edition, © Marketing Insights Limited 2012 Slide 4. 2 Learning Outcomes • Identify the different elements of an organization macro-environment that impact on an organization‟s e-business and e-marketing strategy • Assess the impact of legal, privacy and ethical constraints or opportunities on a company • Assess the role of macro-economic factors such as economics, governmental e-business policies, taxation and legal constraints. David Chaffey, E-Business & E-Commerce Management, 5th Edition, © Marketing Insights Limited 2012 Slide 4. 3 Management Issues • What are the constraints such as legal issues placed by the e-environment on developing and implementing an e-business strategy? • How can trust and privacy be assured for the customer while seeking to achieve marketing objectives of customer acquisition and retention? • Assessment of the business relevance of technological innovation. David Chaffey, E-Business & E-Commerce Management, 5th Edition, © Marketing Insights Limited 2012 1 Slide 4. 4 Activity 4.1 Introduction to Social, Legal and Ethical Issues • List all the social, legal and ethical issues that the manager of a sell-side e-commerce website needs to consider to avoid damaging relationships with users of his or her site or which may leave the company facing prosecution. You can base your answer on issues which may concern...
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...the period. | 1. Introduction. Provide a brief focus statement about your paper and what the reader can expect. 2. Global World Economy. Discuss the importance of globalization in today’s global economy. 3. Cultural and Political Differences. Discuss cultural and political differences that global managers consider when expanding abroad. Are values and ethics different in each culture? Explain. 4. Going Global Strategies. Explain why companies are forced to expand globally. Discuss possible strategies for competing globally. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies and policies that firms use to enter foreign markets. What are the main factors that influence a firm’s decision of market entry? 5. Suggestions and Recommendations. Provide practical and specific recommendations and suggestions for managers and expatriate to expand in this country of your choice for this project. 6. Summary. Provide a few concluding paragraphs about what your paper discussed and how it can be beneficial for practitioners. Introduction This paper will The New Global Economy Hill (2011) defines globalization as the multifaceted shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. It includes the globalization of markets and the globalization of production. The...
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...International Business Linked to globalization Globalization 1. What is it ? It is a process where the world is moving away from independent countries to interconnected counties 2. Status ( where we are + measurements) Wave of globalization after WOII * 50 – 60 domination of the US (“free market wave”) The trade rules are set by the US * Now domination China, Asia US domination is gone, different countries dominate the world The demographics of the world economy has changed How do you measure globalization? * University of zurich * http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch/ The KOF Index of Globalization measures the three main dimensions of globalization: 1. Economic globalization * Actual flows (37%) * Trade (percentage of GDP) * Foreign direct investement, flows (percentage of GDP) * Portfolio investement (percentage of GDP) * Income payments of foreign nationals (percentage of GDP) * Restrictions * Hidden import barriers * Mean tariff rate * Taxes on international trade (percentage of current revenue) 2. Social (39%) * Data on personal contact * Data on information flows 3. political. (25%) * Embassieses 3. Types of globalization 1. Globalization of products 2. Globalization of markets Active vs passive globalization Globalization can also be passive. Companies that do not want to globalize...
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...Quiz 2 Summary Topic 7: Entrepreneurship and development By the grace of invention Author: Julia Novy-Hildesley Thesis: Invention and innovation are critical drivers of prosperity and growth in society. Inventiveness is an essential human characteristic. * Innovation Engine * Engage youth in science/engineering education programs. * Focus on early intervention, out-of-school programs, and generation perceptions of engineering as fun, collaborative and relevant to making a difference in the world. * Ashoka’s youth venture program engages teens from developed/non-developed countries and offer prizes to reward most creative idea/invention. * WGBH-Boston made a public TV show called ‘Design Squad’ that inspires teens to invent by showing real-time invention challenges tackled by teen teams. * President Obama’s Educate to Innovate program has helped increase investments by private corporations in science/engineering education * In-school programs that support Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) are essential. * Ensuring these programs attract and retain a diverse population of young people. Fresher ideas. * Encouraging female and minority participation. * MESA (Math Engineering Science Achievement) engages girls by creating collaborative student teams that tackle multiple invention challenges over a period of several years. * Increasing initiatives to inventors...
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...DOES CULTURE MATTER? BY SHRUTI BALABHADRA DM16144 In the yearly part of the 21st century Thomas L. Friedman published the bestseller “The World is Flat: A brief History of the 21st century” which was an international hit. The author stated that the world has become a flat and levelled field with respect to commerce thus in turn giving equal opportunity to competitors across the globe. Further, it stated that we have reached a time where geographical, cultural and historical divisions have become insignificant in terms of a trade culture. Friedman stated ten “Flatteners” that have levelled the global map: * The Berlin wall collapse: the downfall of communism was a primary breakthrough in terms of freedom of trade, content creation and an opportunity for the world to connect with each other. * Netscape: when the company went public, it gave rise to a new era of digitization where anyone could access and information form any part of the world. * “Workflow software”: the rise of new programming languages and machines resulted in the rise of a global platform for new multinational collaborations. Also called as the “Genesis Moment of the flat world”, it gave rise to the rest of the global flatteners. * Uploading: people were uploading and working together on online assignments from different parts of the world. * Outsourcing: this has helped companies in mass distribution where services and other activities like manufacturing have been segregated for better...
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...Program on the Geopolitical Implications of Globalization and Transnational Security Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition Dr. Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan Senior Scholar in Geostrategy and Director of the Program on the Geopolitical Implications of Globalization and Transnational Security Geneva Centre for Security Policy Ambassador Gérard Stoudmann Director Geneva Centre for Security Policy June 19, 2006 To comment, please email Ms. Bethany Webster at b.webster@gcsp.ch. All copyrights are reserved by the authors. Avenue de la Paix 7bis P.O. Box 1295 CH-1211 Geneva 1 Telephone Telefax www.gcsp.ch +41 22 906 83 17 +41 22 906 16 49 info@gcsp.ch Dr. Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan Ambassador Gérard Stoudmann Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition Abstract Many authors have attempted, with relative success, to define globalization in a variety of ways. Some claim that it cannot be done, others claim that it would constrain the meaning to do so, and still others have defied these two beliefs and have constructed a working definition. Despite differing opinions about developing a definition, all authors agree on one thing: that defining this term is anything but easy. This paper will attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing definitions of globalization and introduce our proposed definition: “Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of...
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...Effects of Globalization and Institutional Forces on International HRM Practice: Illuminating the ConvergenceDivergence Debate By Yongsun Paik Irene Hau-Siu Chow Charles M. Vance In the face of globalization, scholars continue to debate about whether a convergence in human resources practices will prevail, or a trend of divergence perspective will persist. Building on institution theory, this article helps to explicate this debate by examining how globalization may interact with different dimensions of local institutional forces to lead to convergence, divergence, or crossvergence Correspondence to: Yongsun Paik, PhD, Professor of International Business & Management, Department of Management, Hilton Center for Business, Loyola Marymount university, One LMu Dr., Los angeles, Ca 90045-2659, 310.338.7402 (phone), 310.338.3000 (fax), yspaik@lmu.edu. Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. • DOI: 10.1002/tie.20440 648 f e a t u r e a r tI C l e in international HRM practices for enhanced performance. We also present useful propositions for guiding future empirical research and theory development on the interaction between globalization and different forms of local institutional forces, which in turn influence the formation of successful international HRM practices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int r o d u c t i o n N otwithstanding the current worldwide economic crisis, the globalization of business...
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...Comparative Study of McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) Development in China Wei Hu & Yuanyuan Xie Bachelor’s Thesis 28. 04. 2013 International Business Administration Bachelor’s degree (UAS) SAVONIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES THESIS Abstract Field of Study Social Sciences, Business and Administration Degree Programme Degree Programme in International Business Author(s) Wei Hu & Yuanyuan Xie Title of Thesis Comparative Study of McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) development in China Date 28.04.2013 Pages/Appendices 53+2 Supervisor(s) Jari Niemelä &Heikki Likitalo Client Organization/Partners McDonald's Corporation & Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation Abstract McDonald's and KFC are two international fast food restaurants. They both expended their businesses in global scale. It is obvious that McDonald surpassed KFC in terms of sales and fame in international level. However, in China, KFC performs better than McDonald's. The aim of this study is to find out how these two companies developed differently in Chinese market. By making a comparative study of McDonald's and KFC, different operation and competitive strategy theory will be integrated with their development situation. Research is made based on strategy theory, Internet sources and interviews. The thesis is started with general information, Chinese fast food industrial situation introduction and thesis structure. After having introduced the two companies background, we illustrated strategy...
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...common target. According to Pearson Educations (2012), management carries a definition of a skill that involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of other employees so that the activities are completed efficiently and effectively. Managers, are those people who have the responsibility to ensure that the management of company is running smoothly and flawless. In an organization, there are different management actions that the company should be concerned. In the case study of McDonalds, our team has found out five significant management actions that have contributed to McDonalds’ success. There are strategic management, democratic leadership skills, human resources management, ethics management and 1.1 Strategic Management One of the management actions that have contributed to the success of McDonalds will be their strategic plan which called ‘plan to win’. The idea of this plan not only for them to be the biggest fast food restaurant chain but to be the best fast food restaurant chain. McDonald implement this plan by analyzing the 4 P’s which are product, price, promotion and place. Product is the features, quality and quantity of product or services offered by McDonalds to its customers, such as packaging, desirability, looks etc. According to A.Linbranza, McDonald’s first entered India in 1996 which doesn’t really fit their representative kind of market. To apply the mentioned strategy, McDonald’s adopted product localization and innovation skill, as they...
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...FINAL EXAM OUTPUT IN PRODUCTIVE KEYBOARDING MWF 2:00-3:00 PM SUBMITTED TO: PROFESSOR MARIDEL OROPESA CASAS MARCH 9, 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to give my unending gratitude to my parents for their love and support in my entire life. Thank you both for giving me the courage, strength, and guidance in reaching my stars and chasing my dreams and goals. I would like to give thanks to my three wonderful brothers, aunties, uncles, and other relatives that always been supportive since in my first day here on earth. I would also like to give thanks to my Professor in Productive Keyboarding, Professor Maridel Oropesa Casas from Adamson University, for her guidance and support throughout this study. Thank you Ma’am Casas for sharing your knowledge in this subject and its application in life. I believed I learned from the best. Thank you to my friends and especially to the sisters in my dormitory who are always there for me in my ups and downs in life. You guys made my life extra special. Lastly, I give thanks to the Almighty God for being there for me. This project will never exist if you weren’t here for me. Gracias! Table of Contents I. Introduction 4 II. Computers, Robots, and Artificial Intelligence 5 a. Computer 6 b. Artificial Intelligence and Robots 7 III. Information Age and Information Society 8 a. Knowledge 9 b. Global mind 10 c. Global brain 11 IV. The Machine and the Machine of Mind 12 a. The Machines of Mind 13 b. The...
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...Comparative Study of McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) Development in China Wei Hu & Yuanyuan Xie Bachelor’s Thesis 28. 04. 2013 International Business Administration Bachelor’s degree (UAS) SAVONIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES THESIS Abstract Field of Study Social Sciences, Business and Administration Degree Programme Degree Programme in International Business Author(s) Wei Hu & Yuanyuan Xie Title of Thesis Comparative Study of McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) development in China Date 28.04.2013 Pages/Appendices 53+2 Supervisor(s) Jari Niemelä &Heikki Likitalo Client Organization/Partners McDonald's Corporation & Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation Abstract McDonald's and KFC are two international fast food restaurants. They both expended their businesses in global scale. It is obvious that McDonald surpassed KFC in terms of sales and fame in international level. However, in China, KFC performs better than McDonald's. The aim of this study is to find out how these two companies developed differently in Chinese market. By making a comparative study of McDonald's and KFC, different operation and competitive strategy theory will be integrated with their development situation. Research is made based on strategy theory, Internet sources and interviews. The thesis is started with general information, Chinese fast food industrial situation introduction and thesis structure. After having introduced the two companies background, we illustrated strategy...
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...Regional Strategy Final Exam Professor Robles Jin Won Jeong Dec 12, 2014 1. Regional Strategy: According to the readings for session #1, a very few multinationals are truly global. a. What are the bases for the claim that most multinationals are regional? The primary bases for the claim that most multinationals are regional are first the extraction of revenue by many “global” multinationals is confined to a region as opposed to the entire world, and second the similar market environment within certain region makes regionalization much more practical than globalization. First, Revenue generation in terms of geographic location is limited to specific regions or area, oftentimes geographically proximate regions. Rugman’s research uses the term home country to refer to the phenomenon that the home country diamond among countries in the same region is more similar to one another than the diamonds between a country in home country region and foreign country region. Therefore, adjacent markets are more likely to be similar to one another in in terms of business environment than home and foreign markets. More specifically, referring to the table 1 in the Rugman’s research, amongst fortune 500 firms, many have much higher intra-regional sales than foreign sales. This means that truly global, having penetrated the global market, multinationals are not common. Second, similar market environment within certain regions makes the exchange of products and services take...
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...society at large. * Differences of Intl Marketing from National marketing: the difficulties created by different environments and the need to coordinate international expansions across cultures to achieve efficiency and effectiveness to achieve firms’ goals. * Globalization: the increased mobility of goods, services, labor, technology, capital throughout the world. * HOW does globalization affect Canadian marketers? Positive impacts * marketers how now much more access to more information about their markets and consumers (domestically and internationally) * much easier communication with suppliers and consumers today * because of free trade agreements, easier to penetrate/venture into other foreign markets * opportunities to lowering production and marketing costs due to the ability to standardize products and processes * and ultimately benefit from having to deal with fewer national currencies (e.g transactions could be in US Dollar, or Euros because EU nations use that), which reduces risks and costs. Negative impacts * small Canadian companies and marketers find it difficult to compete on an even playing field with larger transnational companies. * Globalization is forcing firms to identy core competencies and develop sustainable advantages that will insulate them from competition. * Uncontrollable elements: competitive structure, economic climate, political/legal forces, competition, legal restraints, government controls,...
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