...Aspartate and glutamate act as neurotransmitters in the brain by facilitating the transmission of information from neuron to neuron. Too much aspartate or glutamate in the brain kills certain neurons by allowing the influx of too much calcium into the cells. This influx triggers excessive amounts of free radicals, which kill the cells. The neural cell damage that can be caused by excessive aspartate and glutamate is why they are referred to as "excitotoxins." They "excite" or stimulate the neural cells to death. Aspartic acid is an amino acid. Taken in its free form (unbound to proteins), it significantly raises the blood plasma level of aspartate and glutamate. The excess aspartate and glutamate in the blood plasma shortly after ingesting...
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...Monosodium Glutamate Rationale and Presentation Outline Shelton R. Artis Jr. Western Governors University YJT1 TASK 1 March 5, 2015 Presentation Rationale (A) . In the health conscious world we live in today; what we eat is very important. It is also very important to be educated on what we eat and the effects it can have on a body. There is a constant reminder via internet, television, and radio that diets; high in sodium, sugars, and fats are bad for a person wanting to maintain a healthy eating lifestyle. A substance not as highly publicized today but widely viewed by public also to be harmful is Monosodium glutamate (MSG). The purpose of this presentation; is to educate the audience about MSG; conveying facts and debunking myths about the food additive. This target audience would include but not limited to: the health conscious curious as to how MSG effects the body, those whom may have a fear of the additive based being misinformed, and years of MSG negative press, those who just want to know more about Monosodium Glutamate, and anyone who consumes they additive on a regular basis for I believe we have a right to know what we are consuming. Glutamate, one of the most common amino acids found in nature, it is present in many proteins and peptides and most tissues (S. Jinap, P. Hajeb, 2010). It is responsible for the umami taste in foods, which includes but not limited to beef, chicken, pork, seafood, vegetables, and some dairy products we eat. In its natural...
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...Gluten Free Eating Is Not a Fad – Position Paper Celiac disease (CD) and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) is on the rise. Although general consensus states that the diseases’ incidence varies greatly, research conducted in the last 30-40 years contradicts those claims. Yes, the proliferation can be partially credited to increased efficiency in diagnostic techniques and the “mainstream” status of the diseases, but the spread of affliction in not only the US and Europe, but to geographic areas not historically affected by CD and NCGS, is equally enigmatic. A 2010 cohort study, with data collected since 1974, illustrated that CD increased 5-fold from 0.2% in 1975 to 1% 25 years later (1). A study in Scotland has marked a 6.4-fold increase...
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...TERM PAPER THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TREATMENTS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE ( First Draft ) BEL 311 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES LECTURER’S NAME MADAM RAFIZAH MOHD RAWIAN SHAFINAS BINTI SAMSUDIN 2010131651 BMD3Ab b SHAFINAS BINTI SAMSUDIN 2010131651 BMD3Ab b PREPARED BY EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TREATMENT OF ALZHERMEIR’S DISEASE Alzheimer's is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. According to Howard Crystal & William C. Shiel Jr ( 2005 ), Alzheimer's disease is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer's disease results from an increase in the production or accumulation of a specific protein (beta-amyloid protein) in the brain that leads to nerve cell death. The likelihood of having Alzheimer's disease increases substantially after the age of 70 and may affect around 50% of persons over the age of 85. Nonetheless, Alzheimer's disease is not a normal part of aging and is not something that inevitably happens in later life. For example, many people live to over 100 years of age and never develop Alzheimer's disease. But, nowadays there are some types of effective treatment that are effective for Alzhermeir’s disease. The management of Alzheimer's...
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...For my paper, I will be doing research on various facets of Schizophrenia, including the development, onset, neural mechanisms and cognitive effects and consequences. I will be looking into the pathophysiology of this disorder in addition to the abnormalities and disturbances in brain connectivity, its background with psychosis (disconnection from reality), how it affects daily life in those diagnosed with the disorder, and the most effective treatments to date. I will also be looking into the diagnosis and measurements of schizophrenia, including neuroimaging techniques and assessment tools. Schizophrenia is a neurological disease characterized by hallucinations and delusions, including false perceptions, sounds, voices, sights, and can be severe enough to be disabling. It is also known to cause abnormal and dysfunctional behavior and thoughts, and has a high suicide rate on those afflicted....
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...Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Throughout our lives we learn and discover the world through our self-regulated abilities to ambulate, laugh, hug, consume, and even breath. Yet there is an aggressive disease known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) that threatens to eliminate our most basic and human capabilities. Over the course of this research paper we will explore various aspects of ALS which include the historical context of ALS, symptoms or characteristics of the disease, causes of ALS on a cellular level, as well as diagnosis and management. In 1869 ALS was first acknowledged by a french neurologist named Jean-Martin Charcot a man historically renowned as the “founder of modern neurology”. However it wasn't until 1939 that...
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...Research Paper Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Challenges Prepared by Ms. Rawan Al-Juweed Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a degenerative disorder of the brain that leads to memory loss1. AD affects 5.3 million Americans and is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. There are two main forms of the disease. Familial AD affects people younger than 65, accounting for nearly 500,000 AD cases in the United States alone1. The remainder of AD cases occur in adults aged 65 and older and is classified as sporadic AD. The prevalence of AD varies among many different factors, including age, co-morbidities, genetics, and education level. There is no way to definitively diagnose AD without performing an autopsy. There is no cure for AD, however promising research and development for early detection and treatment is underway. Abstract Alzheimer’s disease was discovered in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, a German neurologist and psychiatrist2. The disease was initially observed in a 51-year-old woman named Auguste D. Her family brought her to Dr. Alzheimer in 1901 after noticing changes in her personality and behavior. The family reported problems with memory, difficulty speaking, and impaired comprehension. Dr. Alzheimer later described Auguste as having an aggressive form of dementia, manifesting in memory, language and behavioral deficits3. Dr. Alzheimer noted many abnormal symptoms, including difficulty...
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...------------------------------------------------- Can Fast-Foods Kill us? Ba da ba ba ba, I’m not loving it. Nowadays fast-food restaurants are famous for their delicious burgers and fries, attracting many people to eat them almost every day, not knowing how it affects their lives. All they think about is the price, amount of time until serving, and the quantity of the food. Research shows that in the US alone obesity related illnesses claim over 850 lives a day and over 300,000 lives each year. With the increasing availability of fast food and high competition among the various fast food joints, fast food obesity has become a major problem for many countries to deal with. Fast foods are also said to contain high amounts of sugar, oil, flour and sodium or salt, which are all significant contributors to the condition of obesity. According to the Google map, there are close to 50,000 fast food chains across the United States, with McDonalds being the largest restaurant chain. In the world, there are more than 500,000 fast food places. Kids between the ages of 6 and 14 eat fast food 157,000,000 times every month, causing them to be obese. Fast-food restaurants play a huge role in the obesity in the USA. There is a movie called supersize me, it’s an American documentary about a man named Spurlock. Spurlocks film follows a 30-day period form February 1st to march 2, 2003. And during those months he only eats McDonalds’s food. The film documents Spurlock’s physical and...
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...Research Paper Psychological disorders have always grabbed my interest because when I was younger seeing how narrowly exaggerated shows and movies portrayed the mentally ill made me wonder ‘wow are they really like that?’ and then seeing how some of their cases are uniquely different in person made me wonder how come? So the psychological disorder I chose to write about is schizophrenia because I admire how the human mind works. There are many different opinions on what schizophrenia is or might be for example, a science fiction author named Philip K. Dick believes the disorder is ‘‘not being able to fully comprehend a person’s universe…’’ while that might be true to some, the popular and less abstract belief, is that schizophrenia is a psychological...
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...Psychology Term Paper Assignment Monday Night Class Abstract In the society that we are living right now, we can find a lot of different kinds of illness and health problems. A large number of these diseases have a cure and they also have a happy end; but there is one that does not. Over the past 20 years, Alzheimer’s disease came from an unknown dark side. Once studied as a strange disorder; it is one of the most common health problems that affect a lot of people around the world and their families. More of a 90% of Alzheimer’s disease cases shows up in people around 60 years old. Even do we ignore how this treats starts; science people have found that the change inside the brain starts 10 to 20 years before we can observe the symptoms. Knowing a little more about this illness, will help us to understand these people that are in need of love, attention and comprehension. Alzheimer’s disease In the society that we are living right now, we can find a lot of different kinds of illness and health problems. A lot of these diseases have a cure and they also have a happy end; but there is one that does not. Alzheimer’s disease is a very ordinary illness that severely affects our society, specially the older population. It is a fact that we have to deal with. Unfortunately, there are a lot of people out there that suffer this terrible illness, and they need help. This research paper gave me the...
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...Alzheimer’s Disease We live in an advanced world of technology and medicine. As much as many things positively impact society, numerous may also have a negative effect. Throughout the years, we were able to create cures through medicine that have allowed the life expectancy of the older generation to outlast the previous ones. But for many seniors, new problems arise that still require an antidote with the help of research and development. Even though females have a higher rate in life expectancy, they also have a greater chance in degenerating diseases; but both have an equal chance in getting a specific disease. One of which is the most common form of Dementia called Alzheimer’s that is caused within old age. Alzheimer causes memory loss and it goes from losing a little portion to even forgetting your entire past. This paper will discuss what happens with Alzheimer’s, who it targets, what are the signs of detecting this disease, and if there is a way to cure it. Alzheimer’s was first discovered in the early 1900’s by a German physician, Alois Alzheimer. He discovered the disease while observing a patient, a 51 year old woman named Frau Auguste D., who developed symptoms of memory loss and had difficulty understandings and speaking. After a few years of observations, Dr. Alxheimer discovered a progression of the symptoms which inevitably led to the death of the patient. Upon autopsy, abnormal impairment of the brain was discovered, along with a remarkable...
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...Ajinomoto (Malaysia) Berhad is established in 1961 as Ajinomoto (Malaya) Co., and becomes a public company in 1968. They celebrated their 50th Anniversary in 2011. It’s engaged in manufacturing and selling of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and other related products. The taste of Ajinomoto is based on five basic tastes which include sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness and umami (savoury taste). Ajinomoto (M) Berhad operation divides into two segments which are Umami segment and food and seasoning segment. Ajinomoto (Malaysia) Berhad had analysed based on Porter's Five Forces of Profitability. 1) ENTRY Ajinomoto Company is based on marketing and production of MSG. It is a well-established brand with strong reputation and high brand equity. It has a strong financial position and nearly 25,000 employers are working in Ajinomoto (Malaysia) Berhad. It has wide economic scale which includes import and export (Singapore, Mauritius, Peru, and New Zealand). Ajinomoto Malaysia Berhad defined as Monopolistic Competition Market. Although there are many companies related to seasonings, there is no perfect substitute for Ajinomoto(Malaysia) Berhad because of its umami taste. This company has low treat of new entrants due to high entry barriers and involves large capital. Ajinomoto didn’t rely on one product only. Time to time it continues R&D and produce more seasoning related products. 2) POWER OF INPUT SUPPLIERS Powerful suppliers capture more of the value for themselves...
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...a popular food product in India. The transformation of Maggi from being staple food for students and bachelors to being declared unfit for consumption has been quite instant. The Nestlé’s maggi noodles were banned across states after samples of it were found to contain excess amounts of lead and MSG— a flavor enhancer. The recent controversy around Maggi noodles that has every household in an uproar. The dispute has placed the processed food industry, regulators, government, and even consumers in uncharted territory.This dispute has raised serious questions about processed food industry, What caused such a vehement reaction against what was adjudged as the Most Powerful Brand in recent times and to answer this questions, the research cum case study paper would like to explore the controversy surrounding around Nestlé’s maggi in particular and food industry in general and highlight the shortcomings of food safety apparatus at central and state level and suggest the strategies to revamp the same . Key Words- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Maggi. 1. Introduction Many fast food items have flooded the markets but noodles remained as the most popular item of all of them. Urban and semiurban markets are controlled by Maggi and other players are Top Ramen and other brands. Maggi has...
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...Childhood maltreatment and abuse can have extensive implications on individuals later on in adulthood. To date, numerous studies have found associations between the prevalence of childhood trauma and the global reduction of anatomical structures of the brain, particularly those associated with emotional and stress processing (Ahmed-Leitao et al, 2016; Poletti et al., 2016; Souza-Quiroz et al. 2016). Similarly, many papers have cited functional alterations present with an increased amount of childhood trauma (Duncan et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2014). Considering altered structure and function of emotion and stress areas such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate and others,...
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...A monkey makes an involuntary gesture when a portion of its brain is electrically stimulated. The area of the brain that was most likely stimulated is the: A. occipital lobe B. motor cortex Correct C. sensory cortex D. amygdala A researcher is using a strong magnet to create images of the blood flow in participants' brains as they complete decision-‐making tasks. The researcher is using ____________ to examine the brain's activity. A. electroencephalography (EEG) B. positron emission tomography (PET) C. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) D. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Correct A synapse is a: A. chemical B. gap Correct C. signal D. joint Alphonse suffered a stroke, resulting in a lesion in his temporal lobe. Which of Alphonse's perceptual or cognitive functions is most likely impaired? A. hearing Correct B. decision-‐making C. motor coordination D. emotional regulation ...
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