...economy trades freely without controlling by the local government with applying tariffs and quotas on the goods and services. This paper is to analyse the factors that influence free trade to the developing countries. Within the framework, the research paper shows that tariffs can improve the country’s welfare. Besides, this paper shows that the improvement in country’s terms of trade can improve the country’s welfare. This paper is using one method which is a general equilibrium model whereas two traded outputs and one public consumption output are producing by using two factors of production. Key words: Free trade, developing...
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...consumer purchases to low-carbon vehicles. Starting from 2015, Korean government will plan to implement this policy for this purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of this policy, this paper conducts research from three different aspects: its effects on Korean auto industry, fiscal neutrality, and consumer welfare. Based on the evaluation, this paper concludes whether it is timely or premature that a car feebate program is introduced in Korea as planned. 1. Introduction Due to a fee imposed on high-carbon vehicles and a rebate given to low-carbon vehicles, the relative price adjustment arises among vehicles: the price of high-carbon vehicles relatively goes up, whereas that of low-carbon vehicles relatively goes down. This paper asks how this relative price adjustment affects Korean auto industry. Moreover, given the fact that this policy pursues “fiscal neutrality”, which means the amount of fees imposed equals to that of rebates given, this paper doubts whether or not it could secure the fiscal neutrality. Lastly, this paper shows how this policy influences on consumer welfare. As global warming has been getting worse due to vehicle exhaust emissions, many countries are introducing environment-protecting policies. A car feebate program is one of them. It is reported that Korean government will plan to introduce this policy in 2015. However, there is constant conflict over this policy between the government and the auto industry. In that a new policy can secure its justification...
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...SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work - 50 Paper S1: 02 Psychosocial Dynamics of Human Behavior - 50 Paper S1: 03 Methods of Working with People: Micro-Approaches - 50 Paper S1: 04 Social Welfare Administration - 50 Paper S1: 05 Research Methodology - 50 Paper S1: 06 Man & Society - 50 Paper S1: 07 Concurrent Field work three days in a week - 50 Total - 350 SECOND SEMESTER Paper S2: 01 Approaches and fields of Social Work - 50 Paper S2: 02 Human Growth and Development - 50 Paper S2: 03 Methods of working with People: Macro Approaches - 50 Paper S2: 04 Management of NGO’s and Disaster Relief Services - 50 Paper S2: 05 Statistics and Computer Application - 50 Paper S2: 06 Dynamics of Socio-Political Institutions and Organizations - 50 Paper S2: 07 Concurrent Field work (three days in a week) -50 Total - 350 M.A. in Social Work (Part-I) Preamble: 1. There shall be six theory papers of 50 marks each and field work of 50 marks as paper seventh out of 50 marks, 38 marks shall be devoted to semester paper and 12 marks shall be fixed for class/home assignments. 2. The format of the theory paper shall be the same as it is being following by the university. 3. Evaluation procedure shall be as per university norms. FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work (50) Unit – I Meaning, objectives and scope of social work; Role and functions of social work – Welfare versus...
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... is emerging in the area of cancer research, which is sometimes called the “dark matter” of the human genome. Dr. Croce has turned his decades-long pursuit of cancer remedies into a research empire. He has been the recipient of over $86 million in federal grants. He has also earned more than 60 awards. Some accusations have stated that Dr. Croce overstated his expansive claims for therapeutic promise and that his laboratory is focused on creating more papers than on carefully assessing the data from their experiments. Dr. Croce has been fending off allegations of data falsification and other scientific misconduct. An anonymous critic contacted authorities with allegations of falsified date in Dr....
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...Social Policy Enactment using the Constitution of the United States of America Introduction. For this research paper, we were tasked with an assignment to review the twenty-seven amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America. We were then instructed to write a one or two page paper that identified amendments, other than those that were in the Bill of Rights, that were used to achieve social policy. My objective is to identify several hot-button social policies that are routine topics of debate in our country, such as: social welfare, gun control, and voter's rights. Body. The U. S. The constitution states in Article I, section 8: The people of the states empower the Congress to expend money (for the enumerated purposes listed in Article I, section 8), provided it is done in a way that benefits the general welfare of the whole people (Social Welfare). Thomas Jefferson stated that the intent of the Amendment was to limit the...
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...The American University of Rome Introduction to American politics Renzo Reffo The Cato institute is American public policy research organization, “think tank”, based in Washington, DC. The institute was established to focus on public avocation, media exposure and social influences. They are dedicated to the principles of individual liberty, limited government, free markets and peace. It has published numerous policy studies, briefing papers, periodicals, and books. I will examine the section corporate welfare and earmark from their text “Cato’s handbook for policy makers”. The publication was a collaboration of numerous experts and prepared by Chris Edwards, is director of tax policy studies at the Cato Institute, and Jeff Patch, is a former...
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...First, many individuals have written documents declaring their disapproval of reform. One such essay that opposes welfare reform is an essay written by Lester Spence, assistant professor of political science at John Hopkins University. In his essay, "An Argument against Welfare Reform," Lester Spence disputes that as a result of the Reform of 1996 "more harm has been done than good." Some of the issues he brought out in his essay are as follows: people moving from welfare to employment are not receiving as much money as when they were receiving welfare, medical care for children, and medical care for adults (Spence). Second, many individuals have implicated their approval of welfare reform. Not only have many approved...
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...become vulnerable and dependent. Those women, along with their friends and relatives, are inexorably drawn toward the Party of Government. And research shows it is not only women of childbearing age that are made more dependent on government, but aging men and women in general. To expect a nation of fragmented families to turn away from an expanding welfare state is to expect a miracle. The original social democrats of Europe saw this quite clearly, which is why (especially in Sweden) they crafted social-welfare proposals with an eye to deinstitutionalizing marriage, making mothers less dependent on fathers but more dependent on government. We are at a key crossroads now. Half or more of all children will grow up outside of intact marriages. Yet through arduous effort and public debate we have managed to slow the rate of divorce and halt the growth in unmarried childbearing. Government policy is not everything. But effective changes in welfare policy could help. How? Here are three eminently practical suggestions, supported by research, taken from a recent Institute for American Values policy brief (see www.americanvalues.org). 1) Expand marriage education for low-income couples. Right now, the government suggests to mothers and fathers that the height of responsible fathering is signing paternity papers. Why not ask couples who apply for welfare if they are interested in marriage? If they say no, they say no. But even asking the question serves as an important signal to...
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...Running Head: Welfare State in America Welfare State Abstract In 1977, then Budget Director for the state of New York, Peter Goldmark, offered his thoughts regarding social welfare programs. “Welfare”, he said, “is hated by those who administer it, mistrusted by those who pay for it and held in contempt by those that recieve it.” Goldmark was certainly not alone in his assessment of social welfare programs. Indeed while the notion of using public funds to help the destitue get back on their feet in a noble concept for left-leaning idealists, in practical application, it has generated more controversy from both sides of the American political aisle than it has addressed poverty in America. This contorvery has become more heated in light of the two recessions and the housing collapse of late 2009. For this research paper, I will be going the history of Welfare in America. The purpose of this research paper is to look at how and why welfare became a policy and how it has changed since its inception. The sources that I have used are from published literature. In conclusion, the reader will have better knowledge on welfare, the history and changes. I first became interested in the subject of Welfare after working for the Ohio Department of Jobs and Family services; where I met with families and processed their eligibilty for: Food Stamps, Ohio Works First (cash assistence) and Medicaid. Unfortuanlty, durning my training as a case worker no history was given...
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...Running Head: POLITICS Politics: Howards Government [Victoria University] Table of Contents Thesis Statement 1 Introduction 1 Discussion 1 Political Culture 3 Economic Rationalism 4 Social Conservatism 7 Conclusion 8 References 9 Annotated Bibliography 11 Politics: Howards Government Thesis Statement The changes brought by he Howard’s government in social, political, and economical landscape are substantially different from previous regimes and tend to move away from welfare state to free market system. Introduction This paper discusses the changes that have been brought by the 11 year era of 25th Prime minister of Australia, Mr John Winston Howard. This era saw economic expansion that is characterized as longest in the history of Australia. Howard’s policies, practices, philosophies, and decisions have been widely debated specially over the issue of abolishing welfare system, treatment of asylum seeker after the 9-11, and such. This paper discusses the changes in the era of Howard and its consequences. Discussion The 25th Prime minister of Australia, Mr John Winston Howard, was born on July 26th; 1939.he is the longest serving prime minister of Australia after Sir Robert Menzies. His era of Prime Ministership started March 11th, 1996 and ended in December the 3rd 2007. After 1980, it was the first Federal victory of coalition of the National Parties and liberals. The first terms was 1996 to 1998, the...
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...Mother Blaming: How Welfare Systems Reinforce Institutionalized Oppression Critical Response Paper Mother Blaming: How Welfare Systems Reinforce Institutionalized Oppression Introduction States have established several entities to ensure the safety and well being of their citizens; of particular importance is protecting the welfare of vulnerable populations, such as the disabled, minor children, and the elderly. Social welfare policies and programs also serve to afford equal and/or equitable opportunities for vulnerable populations, to level the playing field and minimize the effects that years of oppression tends to have on members of the non-dominant culture. Although welfare systems aim to improve the lives of our nation’s vulnerable populations, institutional oppression has also permeated this system, influencing the research, practices, and policies of professionals in their respective fields. Consequently, a system that was established to protect and assure the well being of vulnerable populations has also served to re/victimize and reinforces the oppression of the lives of those involved with these systems. The manifestation of gender bias and institutional oppression in the welfare systems are social justice issues with vast implications for vulnerable populations; according to the NASW Code of Ethics, as professional social workers, we have an ethical responsibility to challenge social injustice and pursue social change, particularly on behalf of vulnerable...
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...place by the government and social services to improve the wellbeing of society. There are five main areas influenced by social policies derived to improve services for the classic welfare state namely, education, housing, social security, health and social work. Social policy is intimately concerned with how to address and ameliorate social problems and with the analysis of the success or failure of policies designed to improve welfare and wellbeing (Alcock et all. 2008:2-3) Historically social policy can be seen as far back as 1388 when “attempts were made to fix wages and to limit the mobility of labour which may cause wages to rise” (Alcock, 2008:9) a more methodical system of poor relief was introduced in Victorian times, the Elizabethan Poor Law Acts of 1598 and 1601 to house and provide work for the poor under the direction of local parishes. Following this the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 set the foundations for social policy and the modern welfare state today by changing the way that poor law was dealt with, it was streamlined into universal laws and principles that towards the end of the 18th century prompted formation of the English government. The states role is consolidated in an attempt to redefine the Poor Law on the basis of universal laws and principles; it is here then that we can discern the foundations of the modern ‘welfare state’…although not the first instance of the involvement of the state in the welfare of its citizens...
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...ECONOMICS TERM PAPER Theme: Health expenditure by Government in India Title: Health care and expenditure: an analysis of Indian Government’s Welfarism Name: Prakhil Mishra Semester : IV Roll no.: 13BAL027 Table of contents Sr.No. | Content | Page number | 1 | Abstract | 03 | 2 | Introduction | 04 | 3 | Why health expenditure is important | 04 | 4 | Trends in public spending | 05 | 5 | Core areas of spending | 10 | 6 | Conclusion and critical comments | 11 | 7 | Learning outcomes | 12 | 8 | Bibliography | 12 | Abstract Healthcare is a prime indicator of the development in a country. It is the basic function of a state to look after the needs of its citizens pertaining to health and nutrition. In India, there are high numbers of malnourished and undernourished people, and most of them are children under the age of fourteen. Health expenditure in India is a holistic approach of the government as a welfare state to ensure proper distribution at highly subsidized rates for the resource less people. The paper deliberates upon the government spending on health (Where it spends and how much it spends) and tracing of the changing trends in entailment of expenditure. Key matter of contention includes: * Introduction to public spending on health * Why spending on health is important * Changing trends in public spending on health and family welfare * Core areas where spending is done: analysis with the help of laws * Conclusion and critical analysis Key...
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...Introduction Social Policy is an educational subject concerned with the lessons of social activities and the welfare condition. The Department of Social Policy at the London School of Economics names social policy as "an interdisciplinary and practical subject concerned with the analysis of societies' reactions to social need. It search for foster in its students a aptitude to understand hypothesis and proof strained from a wide variety of social science regulations, including sociology, economics, geography, psychology, law, history, political science and philosophy. The name ‘Social policy’ is used to relate on the policies which governments use for social welfare and social security, on the methods in which social benefit is developed in the society and on the educational study of the subject. It also stands for a series of issues broaden far away from the procedures of government-the means by which welfare is encouraged, and the social and economic situations which outline the expansion of welfare. The principle areas of social policy are given below, * Social services, social safety ,community care, education; * Social troubles which includes crime, disability, old age ; * Race, gender, poverty are also included. Task-1 1.1 Identify the historical and contemporary landmarks in social policy and analysis the historical land marks of social and welfare Policies of historical and contemporary landmarks explain that how the qualities of existence for the customers...
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...Public Disclosure Authorized WPS5314 Policy Research Working Paper 5314 Public Disclosure Authorized Regional Trade Agreements Caroline Freund Emanuel Ornelas Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Development Research Group Trade and Integration Team May 2010 Policy Research Working Paper 5314 Abstract This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on regionalism. The formation of regional trade agreements has been, by far, the most popular form of reciprocal trade liberalization in the past 15 years. The discriminatory character of these agreements has raised three main concerns: that trade diversion would be rampant, because special interest groups would induce governments to form the most distortionary agreements; that broader external trade liberalization would stall or reverse; and that multilateralism could be undermined. Theoretically, all of these concerns are legitimate, although there are also several theoretical arguments that oppose them. Empirically, neither widespread trade diversion nor stalled external liberalization has materialized, while the undermining of multilateralism has not been properly tested. There are also several aspects of regionalism that have received too little attention from researchers, but which are central to understanding its causes and consequences. This paper—a product of the Trade and Integration Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the department...
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