...paper, the benefits and drawbacks of permitting the build-up of Japan’s military capabilities will be discussed through academic research and personal points of view. This will occur through a short history on the issue itself, discussing the benefits and drawbacks of allowing Japan’s military forces to reconvene, and finally an analysis of which seems to be the best option. Before discussing the pros and cons of the issue, a brief history must occur. Within the Japanese Constitution is a clause that prohibits an act of war by the state. Immediately after World War II, on May 3, 1947, the Constitution came into effect. Within the text of the document, Japan formally renounces war in its sovereignty and forbids settling international disagreements through using military force. Because of Japan’s role in World War II and their sanction to create a constitution, this particular article was very impactful. As a result of this, Japan focused its resources and talent on other areas of importance within their country at that time. For example, they focused on their manufacturing of goods and trade, as well as the welfare of the nation. Through this reform, SCAP hoped to change the...
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...Alejandro Guerrero English 3.5 12 April 2015 Rhetorical Analysis Essay In the early twentieth century, America was plagued with the disease of child labor, a work force that was marred with kids of all ages, from ages two to twelve that inhabited nearly every facet of the new industrial age that had grasped hold of post Civil War America. Throughout the masterfully crafted essay, Kelley emphasizes the need to radically reform the corporate system in which the helpless young are being coerced into a childhood spoiled by the capitalist desires of an ever-evolving country. Kelley uses an arsenal of rhetorical devices to heighten her points and explain the severity of the economic and social travesty that was sweeping the country during the era. Among the ranks are the uses of logical claims, emotional appeal, and skillful imagery that help Kelley develop her argument into one that is masterful and effective in its conviction. At its core, the argument is geared to be its most compelling through Kelley’s assimilation of logical assertions based solely on the premise of immoral and unrighteous exploitation of children. In her piece, Kelley equips a barrage of specific and convincing examples to explicate her reasons on why she believes the employment of underage individuals is not only illegal, but devalues the very morals and principles that human civilization is built upon, an unwritten rule of ethical code that no individual human nor all encompassing society may ever...
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...Essay – Advocating for Adults incarcerated Human rights are for every human; Prisoners are human too. A prisoner is deprived of the human right of liberty though? Essay – Advocating for Adults incarcerated Human rights are for every human; Prisoners are human too. A prisoner is deprived of the human right of liberty though? CHCAD603A – Undertake Systems Advocacy CHCAD603A – Undertake Systems Advocacy Human rights are for every human; Prisoners are human too. A prisoner is deprived of the human right of liberty though? Where is the line when they are deprived of one are they deprived on any other human rights directly or indirectly? This essay explores the issues and basic human rights of an adult who is incarcerated and an analysis of structural, political and social factors which play their part in maintaining discrimination against this group and how they are discriminated against. Issues which affect adults in prison and how these affect the individual, community, society and government policy with examples of issues that have changed and how advocacy has been used to create change. The introduction of policies that have arisen as a result of identified issues and how they relate to Human rights will be another focus in this essay. There is a “Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners” guidelines which are an adaption to the Universal Human Rights charter specifically for those who are incarcerated. An example of this is rule 57 “Imprisonment and other...
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...Health Care Reform By: Tamika Williams August 2, 2014 HCS/235 In the United States, health care reform is a major topic that many people are talking about and how the sources available will help Americans with health care. During the presidential election in 2008, health care reform was a great deal for them to promote the ideas to helping health care but no one actually can explain how it was going to become resolved. America was to the final point, where we as people, thought that the biggest controversy would become resolved and a new era of transparency would be developing. In these years that have come many of the changes that has been promised to America, has yet to occur and is still the same as before. The most recent health care reform is The Affordable Care Act which has expanded access to health care which was created and signed to make sure that all Americans in the United States have affordable health care available to them and to monitor the rising of the health care costs. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the most comprehensive reform of the United States medical system in at least 45 years. The ACA transforms the non-group insurance market in the United States and mandates that most residents have health insurance, significantly expands public insurance and subsidizes private insurance coverage, raises revenues from a variety of new taxes, and reduces and reorganizes spending under the nation’s largest health insurance plan, Medicare. Projecting the impacts...
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...Privatization, Regulation and Competition in South Asia T. N. Srinivasan* 1. Introduction It is a great honor to be invited to deliver the Mahbub Ul Haq Memorial Lecture. Mahbub finished his graduate studies in economics and left Yale in 1956, a year before I began my own graduate studies there. He had set an exemplary record that those of us from South Asia who followed him at Yale, such as Bashir Karamali, Parvez Hasan, Syed Nawab Hyder Naqvi, Syed Naseem, and myself included, could only envy. In the late seventies, I interacted with Mahbub at the World Bank, where I spent three years at the Development Research Center. I still recall our discussions at the Bank about the Basic Needs Approach to economic development. As the Special Adviser to the UNDP Administrator, he pioneered the concept of Human Development and developed the Human Development Index (HDI). We resumed our discussions, this time on the conceptual and measurement issues related to HDI. Our debates were always friendly, and even though we strongly differed on development strategies, we were united in our belief that eradication of abject poverty and enabling each individual to achieve a fuller and richer life according to his or her own lights have to be the overarching objectives of any development strategy. The world of economics, and we in South Asia, lost a beacon of light, and a source of fresh ideas and innovations, when he was snatched away from us. Let me take this opportunity to pay tribute to his wife...
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...Throughout the World War, many countries have experienced the economic depression. It necessitated the need to have an idea of how the economy should run. This gave rising to different types of economy such as socialism, communism, capitalism and mixed economies. These economy types base on the question that who should control the economy: the government or the marketplace? Ideally, the kind of economy adopted by the government should cater for the needs of the inhabitants of a country. Purposely, the analysis will look at various argument on ideas put across on the various types of economies the correctness of the arguments, how the topic is related to the issues in Episode one and Episode two through the theory of John Maynard Keynes and Fried Von Hayek, and also apply it to our current economy to know how it works. First of all, we must know what the theory of Keynes and Hayek are, and also the different point of view between them. On the Episode 1- “ The Battle of Ideas” of Commanding Heights, Fried Von Hayek, who is a Britain economist, believed that “the government intervention is a threat to the freedom”. He mentions that the market should be “free”. It means that the government does not issues some policies for controlling the market, and the “players” in the marketplace are controlled by other factors in the market, including the price of goods. However, John Maynard Keynes, who is an Austrian economist, thinks that the government should intervene and play an important...
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...and show that despite the fact that social policy draws on other academic social science subjects it is different because it is "based upon a distinct empirical focus - support for the well-being of citizens provided through social action" (Alcock 2008:3). The author will show how as an academic subject social policy is both descriptive and analytical and will give examples. Social policy as an academic subject is difficult to describe as it is both the search of theoretical norms on how society should behave and the practical application and implementation of policies, which are considered to be social (Alcock et al 2004:1). The purpose of these policies is to improve welfare and to meet human needs (Blakemore, K. 2003:1). Spicker (2008:1) defines social policy as "the study of social services and the welfare state". The study of social policy, originally known as social administration mainly pertains to social services and includes social security, housing, health, social work and education, these being described by Spicker (2008:1) as the "big five". Social policy as an academic subject draws on other subjects such as economics, politics, history, psychology and sociology and has been described as a "magpie" subject by Blakemore (2003:3). These other subjects offer background information about the many aspects required to understand and develop social policies such as the effects of industrialisation and changes in social conditions, population changes, concepts of class, status...
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...which means an acceptance of a whole range of ‘new realities’. One of the major themes of the pro-globalisation position is that Australia has accepted these new realities and adjusted well to globalisation by embracing economic liberalism. The results, it is argued, have been overwhelmingly beneficial. John Howard points out the Australian economy has grown for fourteen years straight – a remarkable achievement by any standards. This success story of growth has tended, however, to override more disaggregated, negative analyses of social outcomes in Australia. A less sanguine part of this new globalising ‘reality’ appears to be an acceptance of rising inequality. Indeed, it is often implied that rising inequality is a spur for growth. The argument is that everyone is better off, it’s just that some people are better off than others. While commentary is often not explicit about the association of globalisation and rising inequality, occasionally it is: The other thing we have to face up to is that in the end we have to be a productive and competitive society and greater inequality might be inevitable.3 Others argue that rising inequality is not a problem if poverty is not rising. Edwards, for example, maintains: “increasing inequality is not of itself a bad thing, if even the poorest are markedly better off as a...
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......................................................................18 Proceedings No. 21– Social Economy Market 1 2 Proceedings No. 21 – Social Economy Market Introduction The workshop “the Social Market Economy in the Context of National & International Challenges” was the first activity of the 2006 Agricultural Policy Forum series organized by the National Agricultural Policy Center (NAPC) with the support of the FAO Project GCP/SYR/006/ITA. Dr Isam El-Zaim, Director General of The Arab Center for Strategic Studies and Head of the Syrian Economic Scientific Association, presented this workshop on April 13, 2006 at the NAPC premises in Damascus. The NAPC, a department of the Syrian Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, has the mission of shedding light on the most important economic and agricultural issues, aiming to significantly contribute to identifying appropriate policies and strategies promoting sustainable development in pivotal fields, particularly...
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...LAW SYLLABUS 9345 Contents Introduction 1 Aims 1 Assessment objectives 1 The scheme of assessment 2 Syllabus content Paper 1: Part One: Section A – The Nature of Law 3 Section B – The Effect of Law on the Individual 3 Paper 1: Part Two: Section C – The Sources of Law 3 Section D – Law Enforcement and Administration 4 Paper 2: Section A – The Market: the transfer of goods or the rendering of 4 services for cash or on credit terms. Section B – The Workplace: the legal relationship between 4 employers and employees. Section C – The Family: the family relationship arising from 5 marriage or cohabitation. Section D – The Criminal Offender: the essential nature of criminal 5 liability and the study of particular crimes. Section E – The Individual; civil liberties and rights under private law. 5 General Marking Bands 6 Textbooks 8 Contact details 10 Advanced Level Law 9345 This subject may be taken at the May/June examination only. Introduction This syllabus provides a satisfying course for those who will end their study of Law at this stage, and lays a secure foundation for those who will continue their studies in this or related subjects. It enables candidates to develop a knowledge and understanding of legal rules and institutions...
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...AVI-YONAHFINAL.DOC FEBRUARY 26, 2002 2/26/02 5:38 PM Book Review Why Tax the Rich? Efficiency, Equity, and Progressive Taxation Reuven S. Avi-Yonah† Does Atlas Shrug? The Economic Consequences of Taxing the Rich. Edited by Joel B. Slemrod.∗ Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000. Pp. 524. $57.95. In Greek mythology, Atlas was a giant who carried the world on his shoulders. In Ayn Rand’s 1957 novel Atlas Shrugged, Atlas represents the “ prime movers” —the talented few who bear the weight of the world’s economy.1 In the novel, the prime movers go on strike against the oppressive burden of excessive regulation and taxation, leaving the world in disarray and demonstrating how indispensable they are to the rest of us (the “ second handers” ). Rand wrote in a world in which the top marginal federal income tax rate in the United States was 91% (beginning at taxable income of $400,000).2 This is an unimaginably high rate by today’s standards, when the dominant view in Washington is that a marginal rate of 39.6% (the top † Irwin I. Cohn Professor of Law, University of Michigan. I would like to thank Yossi Edrey, Allen Graubard, David Hasen, Judy Herman, Don Herzog, Jim Hines, Bob Kuttner, Doron Lamm, Jeff Lehman, Kyle Logue, Dan Shaviro, Joel Slemrod, Dennis Ventry, and Larry Zelenak for their extremely helpful suggestions. All errors are mine. * Paul W. McCracken Collegiate Professor of Business Economics and Public Policy, University of Michigan. 1. AYN RAND, ATLAS...
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...“law”, as we are often still led to believe. I present here the recent developments in India’s law relating to the much-debated Uniform Civil Code agenda to illustrate that Indian law today increasingly turns its back on supposedly European or “Western” models, and has been developing its own country-specific and situation-sensitive methods of handling complex sociolegal issues. This may contain some important lessons for European lawyers, specifically in terms of managing cultural diversity through plurality-conscious legal intervention, rather than the traditional insistence on state-centric legal uniformity. The key lesson from this evidence is that personal status laws may well endure and survive the much-desired uniformity of legal reforms all over Asia and Africa, and probably elsewhere, too. The future of the world lies evidently not in simplistic ∗ MA, PhD, Professor of...
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...“law”, as we are often still led to believe. I present here the recent developments in India’s law relating to the much-debated Uniform Civil Code agenda to illustrate that Indian law today increasingly turns its back on supposedly European or “Western” models, and has been developing its own country-specific and situation-sensitive methods of handling complex sociolegal issues. This may contain some important lessons for European lawyers, specifically in terms of managing cultural diversity through plurality-conscious legal intervention, rather than the traditional insistence on state-centric legal uniformity. The key lesson from this evidence is that personal status laws may well endure and survive the much-desired uniformity of legal reforms all over Asia and Africa, and probably elsewhere, too. The future of the world lies evidently not in simplistic ∗ MA, PhD, Professor of...
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...the welfare state in the new global order by gøsta esping-andersen unrisd united nations research institute for social development UNRISD work for the Social Summit is being carried out with the support and co-operation of the United Nations Development Programme. Proof-reading and layout: Rhonda Gibbes Dissemination: Adrienne Cruz UNRISD/OP/94/7 ISSN 1020-2285 Copyright United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD). Short extracts from this publication may be reproduced unaltered without authorization on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to UNRISD, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. UNRISD welcomes such applications. UNRISD publications can be obtained from the same address. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute. after the golden age: the future of the welfare state in the new global order occasional paper no. 7 world summit for social development after the golden age: the future of the welfare state...
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...Edexcel AS Politics Edexcel AS Politics ExamBuster 2009 Introduction to Unit 1- People and Politics Understanding the Examination and Exam Technique Choosing your questions In this unit you are presented with four questions. They are of equal value and each question covers one of the four sections of the specification. These are: Democracy and political participation Party policies and ideas Elections Pressure groups There is no significance to the order in which questions appear. Each question is divided into three sections (a), (b) and (c). When choosing which questions to do, the following principles are recommended: It is almost certain that you will be better off choosing your strongest question to do first. You should choose questions on the basis of how well you can answer the section (c) part. The (c) part carries 25 of the 40 marks available for the whole answer. Do not choose a question simply because you can do part (a) especially well. The (a) question is only worth 5 marks. It would be illogical to choose your strongest (a) part if you cannot do well on section (c). If you cannot decide between several (c) parts, i.e. you can do more than one equally well, make your choice on the basis of part (b) which carries 10 marks. But remember, it is the (c) parts that will determine most what your overall mark will be. So, when you first look at the exam paper, look at the (c) sections first. Assessment Objectives Each question is divided into three sections,...
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