...Unit 1, Lesson 1 A) Prononciation When speaking French some letter are not sounded out and are considered silent letters. The first letter is “H”. An example would be the word Henri. It would pronounced as if spelled “enri”. The final “e” in a word would also be silent such as Louise would be pronounced “Louis”. Next is the final “s” such as Louis. It would be pronounced “Loui”. Other final consonants that would also be silent such “Richard” would be pronounced “Richar” or “Margot” would be pronounced “Margo”. The exceptions would be words ending in c,k, f, l, and sometimes r. Examples of these words would be Marc, Patrick, Michel, actif, Victor and bonjour. The letters at the end of these words would be pronounced. B) Les Nombres de 0 `a 12 numbers 0-12 0=ze’ro 1=un 2=deux 3=trois 4=quatre 5=cing 6=six 7=sept 8=huit 9=neuf 10=dix 11=onze 12=douze C) L’alphabet Francais The French Alphabet A=a B=be’ C=ce’ D=de’ E=e F=effe G=ge’ H=ache I=i J=ji K=ka L=elle M=emme N=enne O=o P=pe’ Q=ku R=erre S=esse T=te’ U=u V=ve’ W=double ve’ X= ixe Y=i grec Z=z`ede d) Les signes orthographiques or spelling marks In the French language they use accents and spelling marks that we do not use in the English language. The marks are part of the spelling of the word and cannot be left out. Examples: l’accent aigu=acute accent Me’lanie L’accent grave=grave accent H`elene L’accent corconflexe=circumflex Ho^tel Le Tre’me...
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...of learning French. The methodology used was to a certain extent based on Grammar-Translation Method. We had to learn French grammar rigorously. There were two grammar periods. Every topic taught was followed by a lot of application exercises. Then, there were tests at the end of the unit. We had one big fat book in French which had lessons based on grammar topics. The teacher would first teach the grammar topic and then the lesson was read out. We had to copy the vocabulary list and memorise it. There used to be a lot of homework in French. We also did a lot of translation exercises in from English-French and vice-versa. Most of the French class was copying all what was done on the board. The teacher’ voice was the only voice we heard. Today, when I use a variety of activities in my language class, I feel all the speaking and fluency I developed in French is because of my own hard work. I don’t think what I learnt as a student helped me to speak or write French. I feel the method I was taught was not very student-friendly and had a lot of disadvantages: 1. There was no speaking taught. No role-plays, no pair activities or group activities. 2. Every lesson had a same pattern, i.e. teacher explains the rules, and we memorize them and then apply them in sentences. 3. The listening we did was of our teacher’s voice. No other listening was practised in the class. As a result, after six years of French at school, I could not understand a word of French when I arrived...
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...CSM 104 Research Essay Why you should learn Spanish before you learn French? Speaking a new language helps you to get to know another people and culture, as language and culture go hand in hand. Because language simultaneously is defined by the world around us, learning another language opens one's mind to new ideas and new ways of looking at the world. While most of us can't hope to learn the languages of more than one or two cultures other than that of our own, those that we can learn help us to learn how other people learn and think. In North American, most people choose French and Spanish as their second or third language. Many people believe that Spanish is actually more useful than French, and obviously the foreign language most spoken and studied--by far--in the North America is Spanish. Compare with French, Spanish can offer a wealth of literature of Latin language, both modern and traditional. For example, when you are reading a Latin American websites, you may find that you could gain a sense of how other people think and fee if you know Spanish. As a matter of fact, both of the languages belong to the Latin group of languages. Hence, they show some similarities too. On the one hand, French is spoken by the country of France in the continent of Europe. On the other hand, Spanish is spoken in the country of Spain in the continent of Europe. However, French and Spanish are two languages that show enormous differences between them when it comes to the pronunciation...
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...Language Myths Language Myths: My own LA-reading journal. 1. Myth 2: "Some Languages Are Just Not Good Enough" by Ray Harlow Some people have the idea that some languages are just not good enough. They believe this for several different reasons, it is because the language is not structured in terms of forming words, the language doesn't contain enough compounds and it can't be used as official language in areas such as administration, business communication, international air traffic etc. Sometimes people dislike a certain language because they think it is ugly. I disagree with this myth. I believe that every language is precious to the people who speak the language. Harlow says: ‘Most languages are the first language of some community and serve the everyday functions of that community perfectly well.’ Communication is the most important aspect of a language. If a language serves this purpose it is good enough. 2. Myth 5: "English Spelling Is Kattastroffik" by Edward Carney Edward Carney believes that people shouldn't blame the English spelling system just because there are more speech- sounds than letters in English spelling. It is important to separate sounds and letters in English spelling. After studying Phonetics, spelling and pronunciation became easier for me. I learnt that one speech-sound can have different spelling and that one spelling may stand for different speech-sounds. Sounds very complicated at first, but after a while I started to understand why. This...
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...Professional Goals: To obtain a position in a Medical Billing and Coding Department where I can use my skills and education to enhance the efficiency and productivity of the organization while continuing to develop my skills. Strengths and Skills: • Knowledge in ICD-9/Cpt Coding • Hospital Billing • Physician Billing • Electronic claim submission • Research resubmit denials • Reliable • Trilingual ( French, English and Haitian Creole) • Computer proficient in Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Quick Book, and Windows XP • Knowledge in Medisoft • Team player focused on involving others • Capable of doing multiple tasks easily • Self motivated • Medicare/Medicaid/Third Party regulations • Well developed skills in customer relations • Goal Oriented • Proficient in data entry • Knowledgeable in computer software and maintenance • Eager and energetic to learn Certifications: Associate Degree in Medical Insurance Billing and Coding November 2009 CPC April 2009 CPR certified Member of American Academy of Professional Coder April 2009 Ecole Normale Superieure June 1996 Haiti Université Quisqueya June 2004 Education: Everest University – South Orlando, FL Associates of Science Degree – Medical Insurance Billing and Coding Class of 2009 University of Phoenix – Maitland, FL Bachelors Degree – Health Care Administration ...
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...1 The Induction-Deduction Opposition: Ambiguities and Complexities of the Didactic Reality Wilfried Decoo Published in IRAL: International Review of Applied Linguistics, vol. 34, n° 2 (May 1996), 95-118. ("didactic" = pertaining to teaching and learning in a school context) Abstract An analysis of some of the scientific literature reveals that the terms "induction" and "deduction" often point to various concepts. A number of modalities need to be discerned, especially in the realm of "induction". Experimental comparisons of different methodological approaches may also neglect, to some extent, the complexities of what is really taking place in the classroom setting. The purpose of this article is not to take sides in the methodological controversy, but to contribute to a greater awareness of terminology identification and of the tangents, plural forms and crossings between didactic strategies that draw on "induction" or "deduction". Les termes "induction" et "déduction", tels qu'une analyse de la littérature scientifique nous les révèle, renvoient souvent à des concepts différents. Il semble utile de discerner les différentes modalités, en particulier dans le domaine de "l'induction". Les comparaisons expérimentales de différentes approches méthodologiques semblent négliger, du moins en partie, les aspects complexes de la réalité en classe. Cet article ne prend pas position dans la controverse méthodologique, mais désire contribuer à une plus grande prise de conscience d'une part...
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...playand learn throught playing. They know some numbers and also how to add them. Then pupils go to a secondary school. There children don’t play as so much as it was in infant school. There are other lessons are: mathematics, science, English language reading, writing, English literature, English history, geography, Nature study, drawing, painting, singing, woodwork, and drill (physical training), consisting of Swedish exercises or organized games. Instead of woodwork, the girls' curriculum includes needlework and cooking. The first three are called “core” subjects. Pupil takes examinations in the core subjects at the age of 7, 11 and 14. Most secondary schools teach French and some other schools – Spanish, German, Italian and Russian. From the public and private primary schools children may go to the grammar schools, either to one...
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...means to learn a second language. One view holds that it means months and even years of “intentional” study, involving the deliberate committing to memory of thousands of words (their meaning, sound, and spelling) and dozens of grammar rules. The other, complementary, view holds that much of the burden of intentional learning can be taken off the shoulders of the language learner by processes of “incidental” learning, involving the “picking up” of words and structures, simply by engaging in a variety of communicative activities, in particular reading and listening activities, during which the learner's attention is focused on the meaning rather than on the form of language. These popular views on intentional and incidental learning reflect, at best, only partially the ways in which these terms have been and are being used in the academic literature. Some empirical researchers attribute to them only a specific methodological meaning, in the context of laboratory-type learning experiments. Apart from this methodological sense, incidental and intentional learning have been given various interpretations, sometimes indistinguishable from two more widely used terms, namely implicit and explicit learning, respectively. There are virtually no experimental L2 grammar learning studies which are explicitly presented as “intentional” learning studies, and only a handful which are explicitly presented as studies on “incidental” learning. There is a vast literature, however, of empirical studies...
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...[pic][pic]Preparation for AS / IB French [pic] [pic] At AS/A2 and IB level you will be exploring topics in greater detail and moving to wider issues concerning society and the world around you. Some are very broad, for example, environmental issues, world disasters and the rise of new political powers. Other topics will remain personal in nature, such as healthy living, marriage, relationships and young people’s attitudes. How will your work be different? You will be expected to work more independently and take responsibility for your own learning. This will require you to research topics, form your own opinions and develop a much wider vocabulary. Skills Required Below are some of the skills that are needed to be successful at A Level and IB. You may already be competent in some of these, whilst your sixth-form course will help you to develop others further. • To be well-informed • To be able to express opinions and reactions and to provide well-researched information • To be able to prepare a topic in detail • To respond fully when prompted, basing responses on factual knowledge • To be able to present a logical argument coherently and clearly • To be able to use abstract language • To show initiative and imagination • To use the target language spontaneously and with increasing fluency • To use formal as well as informal language • To use accurate pronunciation and appropriate intonation • To show knowledge...
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...SOCIOLINGUISTICS “LANGUAGE CHANGE” GROUP 8 : 1. Danu Alfian Baihaqi 2. Dio wahyu 3. Dedeh Y 4. Firman Setiawan Pamulang University 2015 LANGUAGE CHANGE Definition Language change is a phenomenon studied both by historical linguists and sociolinguists. Historical linguists study basically the change of languages over time (diachronic change) and examine how languages were used in the past and how they relate to one another . Eg. Old English Middle English Modern English Sociolinguists study the origins or the causes of language changes and explain how society and changes in speech communities influence language and generate sociolects . Eg. Spanish spoken by an upper class man/woman in Madrid and Spanish spoken by a working class man/woman in Andalucía. Language change is the phenomenon whereby phonetic, morphological, semantic, syntactic, and other features of language vary over time Language Change Causes * Economy The principle of least effort is one of the basic and most used explanations for many language changes . Eg. She + is = she's; we + have + been = we've been; clothes /kloʊðɪz/ - /kloʊz/; fifth /fifθs/ /fifs/. * Analogy A linguistic process that reduces words which are perceived as irregular by making them similar to other regular forms . Eg. Semantic historically “livid” meant “pale”, its similar sound with “vivid” has led to analogical semantic change. Morphological the verb “thrive” (thrive-throve-thriven)...
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... Malang Da is a multi-cultural country. Six major languages are using in this country among different groups. These languages are Akang, Dazakh, Pulao, Lua, Kaw, and French. In 2013, Malang Da receives its independence from France after many years of colonial governance. The government’s Language Planning Commission is seeking new national language and official language for Malang Da. Language Planning Commission should adopt Dazakh as the national language and French as its official language. In this paper, I will provide reasons and examples to prove why this should be the best plan for Malang Da. A national language is a language that has some connection with the people and their country. A national language instance represent the national identity of a country. National language also has some goals. First of all, it has the unifying function. It offers equal opportunities for civics in the same country. Secondly, national language has separatist function. This function affords the country its own identity, so that others know it is an independent country. Thirdly, it has the prestige function. By speaking the national language, civics feel provide and prestigious about their country and culture. Last but not least, national language has the function as a standard. It set rules for the written form, grammar, dictionary and other related matters to make the national language as a standard language. An official language has pragmatic or utilitarian role. It designed for use...
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...day do we use word "okay"? 5? 10? Or even more? But do we know anything of it except of the meaning (or only one of them)? I made this project to show you how it`s deep, how many faces it has and just to teach you how to use it in a correct way. Also i want to tell you about it`s history or rather histories, because linguists now days don`t know which of them is true. All it started when my teacher had offered me and some of my schoolmates to take participation in contest about English language and after that i found some interesting information about word "okay". It was really informative to me to read some stories about it's formation so I`ve decided to search the Web to learn more: I read some articles about it`s formation, using, grammar and so on. When it became in the big deal, in full project, I asked my schoolmates and friends both russian and foreign. The deal is that not only studying people don`t know about all ways that we can use it but sone of native speakers too. Using Melvyn Bragg`s book...
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...dialect is a mixture of French, Canary Island Spanish, German, and English. * Some characteristics include fast talking, clipped vowels and an abundance of French terms. * The /th/ sound is usually replaced with /t/ or /d/. New York: * “on line” instead of “in line” * “dungarees” instead of “jeans” * The /o/ can make an /aw/ and /th/ can make a /t/ sound. California English: * Almost 50% of the population is made up of Latino/African Americans with separate accents. * Caucasian people pronounce the vowels in hawk and hock the same as well as cot and caught. * Moving vowels forward in the mouth is resulting in changes of vowel sound Cajun: * This dialect is a mixture of French, Canary Island Spanish, German, and English. * Some characteristics include fast talking, clipped vowels and an abundance of French terms. * The /th/ sound is usually replaced with /t/ or /d/. New York: * “on line” instead of “in line” * “dungarees” instead of “jeans” * The /o/ can make an /aw/ and /th/ can make a /t/ sound. American Varieties of English American Varieties of English Linguistic Terms Linguistic Terms - Standard American English (SAE): The most even mix of all the different accents and dialect in America. - Sociolinguistics: The study on how society and all of its aspects impact how language develops. - Accent: The pronunciation of a certain language; usually effected by geographic location. - Grammar: A set of rules that...
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...Writing is so ingrained in our culture, as well as in other cultures, that it can often seem as natural as the speech that it represents. One’s own writing system is often seen as the best for accurately conveying ideas and all others are somehow less clear or concise. This idea stems from the inherent belief that one’s culture is superior to others. In our culture, our orthographic and verbal universes often do not extend beyond the languages and writing systems with which we are familiar. Our egotism for our own culture and its linguistic systems (by no means a unique feature in the world) only becomes apparent when we choose to, or are forced to interact with other cultures. At a basic and reactionary level, these other cultures with which we interact often feel the same entitlement to chauvinism as ourselves. To objectify and quantify the superiority of ourselves over the “other”, we compare features of other languages with our own. Any feature present in our language but absent in another, is a deficiency in the other language, and any feature it possesses which our language lacks, is seen as superfluous, or an aberration. When we use autometry to measure other languages against our own, those most similar to ourselves inevitably appear better than those that are more dissimilar. If a culture is missing an entire category such as a written language system, then we assume that their deficiencies must be quite fundamental. The anthropological ideas of cultural relativity...
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...King is from Indianola, Mississippi, and Morgan Freeman is from Clarksdale, Mississippi. RUN-ON SENTENCES A run-on is a sentence error caused by running one sentence into another, without putting any punctuation in between. Example: We all like grammar we all love this class. How to correct run-on sentences: • Separate them with a period, creating two complete sentences. Example: We all like grammar. We all love this class. • Link them with a semicolon; this creates two complete sentences just as a period does, but the second sentence doesn’t start with a capital letter. Example: We like grammar ; we love this class. • End the first sentence with a semicolon and begin the second with a conjunctive adverb or transitional. Example: We like grammar ; therefore, we love this class. • Join the two sentences with a comma and one of the FANBOYS. (FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, SO) Example: We all like grammar , and we all love this class. • Join the two separate sentences into one, with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Examples: We all like grammar, we all love this class. Because we all like grammar, we all love this...
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