...characteristic of grounded theory. 2. ------------------------------------------------- To critically evaluate the methodology of grounded theory. Grounded Theory Grounded theory was developed in 1960’s by two sociologist, (Glaser and Strauss, 1967) one of whom (Strauss) had strong theoretical training in symbolic interaction. One of their earliest studies was grounded theory on dying in hospitals in which the prime controllable variable was characterized as “awareness context”. Definition of Grounded theory Glaser and Strauss(1967) • GT is the discovery of theory from data systematically obtained from social research. • The strategy used in this discovery process is method of constant comparative analysis. • The purpose of GT is to explain the data (concepts) (Strauss and Corbin 1990) • GT is inductively derived from the study of the phenomenon it represents (instead of starting out with a theory and proving it) • Data, analysis and theory are constantly interacting (having a “dialogue” with each other not isolated but are parts of a conversation) • The purpose of using GT method is to develop a theory from the data being examined (theory fits what is seen in the data) Grounded theory is a type of qualitative research methodology that allows theory/theories to emerge from the data that is collected. Grounded theory research follows a systematic yet flexible process to collect data, code the data, make connections and see what theory/theories are generated...
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...head: Critical Analysis of Qualitative Research Paper. Stressors on Anesthetist student Nurse and Coping Skill Name: Angela Francis Course: NRS-433V-0101 Running head: Critical Analysis on Qualitative Research: Problem Statement: Recognized practice nurses furthering their career anesthesiology being challenged by stresses involved in the program course outline as well as post graduation stressors. The problem of this study was the fact that just a minimal awareness about post graduate nurse anesthetist educational program which is mostly entrusted to competency in cultural training, rates of attrition, curriculum of the clinical areas in other words the historic review on transformations in educational programs over a period of decades. This problem not only affect practices in nursing, rather it focuses on fears and worries and thereby discovering ways to enhance the curriculum for nurse anesthesiology by reducing stress on students. Problem of this study marches with it’s naturalism of paradigm and due to the presenting problem replies or responses could be retrieved from the students points of view. The application of grounded qualitative theory method stands as a good choice for this study as it enables the writer to stop the use of inquiry from nurses in other to get data required from participating individuals. By the applied method of obtaining data a reasonable theory came up which could...
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...Data Collection and Analysis Grid Qualitative: The study used 25 focus groups with nursing staff on medical-surgical units in 2 hospitals in southern and northern regions of the USA. The data collection method utilized was a focus group interview. Quantitative: The study used 46 women in two study groups (21 in the intervention group and 25 in the comparison group). The data collection method used was examining written text. 2. Data collection instruments Qualitative for Data Collection and Analysis Grid : The study used semi structured design focus groups interviews with nursing staff that lasted from 90 up to 120 minutes. Quantitative: The study used individual behavioral counseling sessions: five for intervention group and only on e for comparison group. A pretest/posttest comparison design was used. 3. Accuracy and reliability of instruments used Qualitative: The members of the focus groups were divided by job title in order to maximize the communication. All interviews were carefully tape-recorded, transcribed and fully analyzed. Quantitative: All behavioral counseling (BC) sessions had been conducted by an advanced practice nurse. She managed to provide to provide an established frequency (five BC sessions versus one BC session in 12 weeks), intensity (face-to-face interaction), and duration (30 minutes of BC). 4. Statistical or analytic methods Qualitative- The author of the study analyzed the interview transcripts using both qualitative analysis software (NVivo)...
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...TRANSITIONS IN TEACHING STRATEGIES OF HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY TEACHERS: A GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH Mark Joseph C. Diaz Jerah Mae G. Gilos Kenneth P. Guilan Nerissa E. Sorolla Chapter 1 Introduction to the Study Chapter One has five parts: (1) Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study, (2) Statement of the Problem, (3) Significance of the Study (4) Definition of Terms, and (5) Scope and Delimitation of the Study. Part One, Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study, justifies the need for the investigation, describes the origin of the study, discusses the importance of selecting the problem, and the reason for conducting it. Part Two, Statement of the Problem, presents the purpose and enumerates the problems answered in the study. Part Three, Significance of the Study, states and tells the importance and benefits that may be derived from the findings. Part Four, Definition of Terms, clarifies the meaning of the terms used in this investigation. Part Five, Scope and Delimitation of the Study, sets the limit and scope of the investigation. Background of the Study Throughout the history, societies have sought to educate people to produce goods and services, to respond effectively and creatively to their world and to satisfy their curiosity and aesthetic impulses. Education involves theory and empirical sets of knowledge and learning as well. Teaching is the process of helping their learners economically and efficiently. It is...
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...of students’ competence in practice Kathleen Duffy Caledonian Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre School of Nursing, Midwifery and Community Health Glasgow Caledonian University This study was funded by a scholarship from the Nursing and Midwifery Council (formally The United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting). January 2003 ISBN 1-903661-40-4 CONTENTS LIST CONTENT PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background to the study 1.3 Aim of study CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 2.1 Grounded theory 2.2 Data collection 2.2.1 Sampling 2.2.2 Participants 2.2.3 Methods 2.2.4 Ethical considerations and access 2.3 Data analysis 2.3.1 Rigour and trustworthiness 2.4 Chapter summary CHAPTER 3: CATEGORY ONE: THE CURRENT DILEMMAS 3.1 Existing problems 3.2 More fail theory than practice 3.3 Differing agendas 3.4 Chapter summary CHAPTER 4: CATEGORY TWO: THE PROCESS OF MANAGING A FAILED CLINICAL ASSESSMENT 4.1 Identifying the weak student 4.2 Developing a plan of action 4.3 The decision to fail 4.4 After the deed is done 4.5 Chapter summary CHAPTER 5: CATEGORY THREE: FAILING TO FAIL 5.1 Leaving it too late 5.2 Personal consequences 5.3 Facing personal challenges 5.4 Experience and confidence 5.5 Chapter summary PAGE 1 2 3 4 6 6 6 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 16 16 19 20 20 23 24 26 28 28 32 36 41 45 47 47 52 55 60 62 1 CHAPTER 6: CATEGORY FOUR: DOING ENOUGH TO PASS 6.1 Not...
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...This document is for reference & educational purposes only. Reproduction or/and copying are not authorized. Any anti-plagiarism software will flag this document or its sections as unoriginal. Coping and Resiliency Skills in African American Urban Youths Introduction Growing up with a limited understanding of how to regulate emotions and cope in the face of ubiquitous urban blight, severe socio-economic hardship, and systemic racism is difficult for many urban youths. Resiliency is a term that is frequently associated with urban youths, especially if we consider the fact that according to the U.S. Census data in today’s America approximately one third of this population group lives in urban areas (Census, 2000). Given a steady increase in the numbers of low-income children living in urban areas, efforts to understand this particular phenomenon are critical. In this context, it is important not only to examine the negative (e.g.: drug abuse, violence, etc.) but also the positive self-regulatory skills (e.g.: athletics, education, creativity, dance, poetry, etc.), which urban youths employ as coping mechanisms. Another concomitant question that needs to be explored is how urban youth exercise positive self-regulatory skills under different circumstances and in specific contexts. This study specifically examined the phenomenon of coping and resiliency skills in African American urban youths growing up in the developmental contexts of various environmental stressors...
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...Contemporary Approaches to Studying Human Communication The Experiences of Older People Who Live with a Long-Tem Condition We have come to the conclusion that the social science approach has been used. Since social science researchers focus on the causes, they seek what factors first influence communication behavior. They make hypothesis from theories and then put the hypothesis through tests using different methods. Some methods used are observing the subjects through laboratory or natural settings and then using surveys and particular interviews to get the required information. Once data is collected, researchers use the data to confirm their hypothesis whether it’s true or not. Because the article also emphasizes in-depth study of communication, we believe the interpretive approach was utilized as well. The qualitative data/tests methods used during the interpretive approach answers questions like, “what is it like?” and “how does it feel?” This particular article took that same approach with some of the questions and explanations contained within. As opposed to manipulating the research situation in the lab, the study came from naturally occurring communication settings. Demand-Withdraw Patterns in Marital Conflict in the Home This article is very in-depth as far as research and data being collected and has been studied thoroughly by some of the top psychiatrists in the world. Very informative information about the patterns of demand-withdraw patterns in married couples...
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...Reflections on Individual Assignment 1 This document provides examples of student critiques prepared for individual assignment 1. I have selected examples of satisfactory and unsatisfactory critiques supplemented by some comments. Hopefully this will assist in preparing for the second individual assignment and the final exam. 1. Literature review (objectives and motives) Satisfactory critique Critique: Jones and Solomon (2010) do not explicitly mention the aim of their research, but rather refer to the nature of the research. This is not seen as a weak point as the authors make use of grounded theory in their study. The authors do however identify their motivation of conducting this research quite well by stating: “However, to our knowledge, there has been little research (...)” (pp. 21). Furthermore, the authors link their motives to prior research by stating that there has been a lack of interview-based work in prior research (Ball et al, 2000; Deegan et al, 2006; O’Dwyer and Owen, 2005). I do see this link as a strong point in contrast to the objective of this article. The objective of this article is not clearly formulated. The authors mention: “We address the fundamental question on (...)” (p.21). However, immediately afterwards they state: “In addition, we shed light on several important questions such as (...)” (p.21). These additions are not related to previously identified questions by the authors but to the themes that derived from the interviews in this study. Therefore...
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...ADVANCED NURSING The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies Hung-Lan Wu & Deborah L. Volker Accepted for publication 24 July 2009 Correspondence to D.L. Volker: e-mail: dvolker@mail.nur.utexas.edu Hung-Lan Wu PhD RN Nursing Instructor Meiho Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan Deborah L. Volker PhD RN AOCN Associate Professor The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, Texas, USA W U H . L . & V O L K E R D . L . ( 2 0 0 9 ) The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies. Journal of Advanced Nursing 65(12), 2719–2732. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05157.x Abstract Title. The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies. Aim. This paper is a report of an analysis of the use of theory in qualitative approaches to research as exemplified in qualitative end-of-life studies. Background. Nurses researchers turn to theory to conceptualize research problems and guide investigations. However, researchers using qualitative approaches do not consistently articulate how theory has been applied, and no clear consensus exists regarding the appropriate application of theory in qualitative studies. A review of qualitative, end-of-life studies is used to illustrate application of theory to study design and findings. Data sources. A review of theoretical literature was carried out, focusing on definitions and use of theory in qualitative end-of-life...
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...surgery because they saw it as a form of risk management. Fears of cross-infection and neglect in in-patient care generated by high profile press reports made them believe day surgery was a less risky option for surgical care. They also needed “to have a say” in their treatment options especially in relation to anaesthesia. Conclusion: Patients are no longer passive recipients of health care but wish to have a say in their treatment options. Risk is linked to trust so day surgery personnel must ensure that full information, welcoming attitude and pleasant environment is presented to patients. Pai, M. S., Bhaduri, A., Jain, A. G., Kumar, V., & Sethi, S. (2008). The experiences of mothers of pediatric surgery children--a qualitative analysis. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 23(6), 479-489. Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of mothers of children admitted in the pediatric surgery ward. Respondents consisted of a...
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...Reporting qualitative evidence assignment (25%) This assignment consists of conducting a small qualitative research project and writing a report using the grounded theory approach. This paper should meet the requirements for reporting qualitative research and can be written individually or in pairs of students. The maximum number of words for this paper is 3000, excluding interview transcripts. The deadline for the paper is 30 March and must be submitted to Blackboard by 17h on that day. Each paper must include the name(s) of the author(s) clearly at the beginning. Read the assignment carefully! 1. Students must form groups of six individuals and choose a (student-related) research theme. A list of possible themes is provided below. Each group must e-mail the names of its members and the chosen theme to Daphne van Kleef before 11th of February. 2. Each group member will be interviewed by another group member. Within each group, students will break into three pairs, and each pair will develop a unique research question (different from the other pairs in the group) related to the chosen research theme. The three pairs make one topic lists which covers all the topics that need to be discussed. Interviews will be conducted based on these topic lists. The result will be six interviews, one for each group member. The transcripts of these interviews should be included in the research reports as appendixes (these will not contribute towards the word count). To keep the interviews...
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...EMR 6400 Fundamentals of EMR Guidelines for Literature/Review Proposal DUE APRIL 9, 2008 Introduction The introduction to the literature review/proposal orients the reader to the problem under study and has three parts. First, you need to provide a statement of the problem. This statement sets out the general reasons that the research area is important. You might indicate the prevalence of the problem, its relevance or cost, its importance to theory, the relative absence of knowledge, some contradictory research, etc. Prevalence statistics, knowledge gaps, contradictory research, the need for theory testing, presence of puzzling anomalies, etc. help to make your case here. Secondary sources (books, chapters, review articles) or tertiary sources (newspapers, magazine articles) can be helpful in making a general case for research in his area. However, do not rely on tertiary sources to make your case. I expect you will use a majority of primary sources with a limited (small) number of secondary/tertiary sources. The second section of the Introduction sets out the purpose of the proposed study. This can be brief and simply clarifies how your proposed study will address the problem you have identified. The third part of the Introduction is a statement of the research question (or hypotheses). Write your research question according to the guidelines for good research questions discussed in class. Parts one and two set the stage for the research question. Recommended length:...
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...qualitative and quantitate data. The voluntary participants consisted of sixty under graduate of mixed genders and races. Methodology The students were asked to write specific learning goals and learning outcomes on test performances. During the course of the semester when the students received their classroom exams back with feedback they were asked to review the exams and also reflect on their performance on their goals, strategies and reflections sheet. This reflection sheet was designed with a Likert scale in order to evaluate and compare the student’s performance, strategies and learning goals with their initial responses. The reflections lasted about 10-15 minutes. Since this was a mixed methods research design several different analysis were used in order to retrieve the quantitative and qualitative data. For the quantitative aspect of this study the researchers used ANOVA procedure of the General Linear Model on SPSS to examine how students’ perceived achievement goals and importance of different study strategies evolved over the semester. The researcher’s also used a Chi square procedure in order to examine the extent to which students intended to change their goals and study strategies. The third, method used was the Pearson correlation and logistic regression procedures. This was used in order to examine the relationships between achievement...
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...Research Critique, Part 1 Kathleen J. Good Grand Canyon University: NRS 433 October 19, 2014 Problem Statement In 2010, after the earthquake that struck Haiti, thousands of nurses and healthcare workers traveled to Haiti to volunteer to help with relief efforts. In the year and a half after the earthquake, when looking through peer-reviewed literature, it was revealed that “all of the publications are anecdotal in nature” and “there was no original research using scientific methods that systematically explore volunteers’ experiences. In addition, none of the publications specifically addressed the issues faced by nurses caring for children. This is where this study being discussed saw a gap in knowledge. “Research that focuses on the pediatric population in disasters is generally lacking” (p. 242). Worldwide, children comprise a huge population, so knowing how to care for them, especially in disaster relief, is important. “This study sought to fill part of the knowledge gap about nurse volunteers who care for children in disaster situations.” The authors of this study point out that filling this gap in knowledge is important because “it takes a scientific approach to nurses’ experiences and will help inform nurses who consider volunteering in future humanitarian missions” (p. 243). In a grander scheme, it also gives aid agencies, such as the Red Cross, more information on how to treat children post-disaster. Purpose and Research Questions Clearly stated, “The purpose...
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...[pic] Exploring qualitative research online The aim of this document is to provide students with some extra insight into qualitative research methods by guiding them to specific, useable, and comprehensible websites. It aims to provide a series of ‘snippets’ of information that should broaden and deepen students’ knowledge of this subject area. This document is designed primarily to extend students’ learning and should be completed in conjunction with other course material such as textbooks. Students should click on the links and answer the questions, expanding the boxes as they go. |Participant observation, grounded theory and action research | | | |Click on the Wikipedia entry for participant observation: | |http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participant_observation | | | |What is participant observation? ...
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