...effectiveness of the group including the group composition, the establishment of long-term and short-term goals, and the therapist’s style of leading the group. I will apply these factors to a specific condition for the purpose of demonstration. Finally, I will reflect on my learning of groupwork and how it will influence my future practice. Groupwork theory and use in therapy: Groups are defined by Mosey(1973) as ‘an aggregate of people who share a common purpose which can be attained only by group members interacting and working together’( as cited in Finlay, 2001, p.3). Acording to Blair(1990, as cited in Finlay, 2001) groups are ‘intrinsic to existence’. We are involved in family groups, classroom, peer, sport, work tasks and other groups. Group work is an approach that is widely used across occupational therapy and healthcare settings. ‘Only in more recent times have group practitioners and researchers begun to explore the use of group activities as a therapeutic approach’(Barnes, Howe & Schwartzbeg, 2008). This is in line with the renewed focus on occupation-based, client-based and evidence based practice(Barnes et al., 2008). According to Yalom(1995), there is much support for group therapy in response to available research indicating the effectiveness of group therapy. Results from a survey conducted by the American Occupational Therapy Association on randomly selected practicing occupational therapists regarding the scope and nature of the groups that formed part of...
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...realistic and meaningful thoughts. Psychodrama can be very effective when used correctly and it continues to offer therapists new ways to treat patients. Therapy Psychotherapy is a technique used to change a person’s behavior, thought process, assumptions, and even sometimes their personality. Therapy is a term often used to encompass all acts of psychotherapy under one common theme, to help the client. Therapy today consists of many different types and themes. Some such as Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck suggested that our cognitive processes are responsible for our behavior, thoughts, and emotions and this developed into the cognitive model (Comer, 2004). Others such as Carl Rogers believed in a more client-centered approach that is “non-directive and based in insights gained from conscious thoughts and feelings” (Coon, 2000). Well known therapies include Freudian psychoanalysis and Gestalt therapy which is most associated with Fritz Perls. The list goes one but it is clear to see there are several methods and means to therapy today. Of these we have seen the therapies involving one client and one therapist, also known as individual therapy. Group Therapy Group therapy is a therapy session that includes several clients participating at the same time....
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...Psychotherapy, treatment of mental or emotional disorders or personal problems using psychological techniques that rely heavily on verbal and emotional communication and other symbolic behavior. Psychotherapy differs in two ways from the informal help one person gives another. First, it is conducted by a psychotherapist who is specially trained and licensed or otherwise culturally sanctioned. Second, psychotherapy is guided by theories about the sources of distress and the methods needed to alleviate it. Because communication is the primary means of healing in most forms of psychotherapy, the relationship between the therapist and patient, or client, is much more important than in other medical treatments. The therapist’s personality influences the patient and may be used quite deliberately to achieve therapeutic ends. Psychotherapy is often used in conjunction with other treatments, especially psychotropic drug therapy (seePsychoactive Drug; Psychiatry). These drugs may be prescribed by a mental health professional, usually a psychiatrist (a physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological problems). (See also Mental Disorders; Mental Health.) Attempts to ameliorate emotional and mental disorders through psychological means date from ancient time. Psychotherapeutic practices based on scientific principles date from about 1772, when the Austrian physician Franz Anton Mesmer defined and used a form of hypnosis called animal magnetism. Neuroses were treated in the 19th...
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...regarding the mechanism and effectiveness of counselling and psychotherapy. Since its development during the 19th century more than three hundred and fifty distinct popular counselling and psychotherapy strands have emerged into the modern counselling field (Sparks, Duncan & Field, 2008). The years prior to psychotherapy’s birth were dominated by psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approaches and its practice was largely restricted to physicians (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013). Psychotherapy’s arrival was not unnoticed from opposing schools of thought who were quick to question its scientific basis. Traditionally Eysenck (1952) not only challenged psychotherapy’s efficacy but also argued that it was “potentially harmful” (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013:88). However, supporters of psychotherapy refuted Eysenck’s (1952) view and debate surrounding the fields worth began to accumulate. As a result psychotherapy research for the next few decades would focus on determining whether therapy was effective (House & Loewenthal, 2009). Subsequently, a plethora of studies that demonstrated its efficacy emerged (Smith Miller & Glass, 1980; Lambert & Bergin, 1994; Ahn & Wampold, 2001). So much so, that early studies revealed the treated population fared much better in comparison to their untreated counterparts (Sparks, Duncan & Miller, 2008:1; Asay & Lambert, 1999). The finding that psychotherapy is effective was further supported by “more abstract” mathematical...
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...address the topic of ethics in group counseling. This author will define what group ethics is according to the psychological organizations such as the American Counseling Association (ACA), and the Association of Specialist in Group Work (ASGW). This author will also address what the American Association of Christian Counselor (AACC) has to say about the ethical standards for Christian Counseling. To effectively practice ethically group therapy a counselor needs to internalize the morals, values, and behavioral makeup of each individual within the group. This paper will also look at the comparison between group and individual psychotherapy and why a counselor will choose between the two. The group processes in both individual and group psychotherapy are a positive catalyst for personal growth within the individual psyche. Whereas group therapy tends to address interactional and interpersonal, individual therapy usually looks at the intra-psychic. Group therapy has been proven to have effective treatment benefits in the treatment with various psychological and personal problems. The final section will address the ethical challenges this author may face and her biblical perspective in counseling, her personal leadership qualities and her personal approach to group counseling. Counseling in our society has gone through multiple changes in the recent years. More individuals are looking into receiving support and guidance in the way of group counseling. Due to the increase...
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...University of Saint Francis Abstract Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a specific type of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy initially developed by Marsha Linehan for the treatment of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and additional psychiatric disorders associated with emotion dysregulation. DBT is currently the most frequently investigated psychosocial intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). DBT’s treatment program includes weekly skills training group led by two therapists, individual therapy, telephone consultation, and consultation team meetings. Over the years, DBT has been proven to be beneficial in treating...
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...Psychotherapies Analysis Donnette Morris BEH/225 03/25/2016 Graciela Pulliam In this paper I will summarize three psychotherapies the main tenants of each therapy, their effectiveness in treating psychological disorders and their strengths. The psychotherapies that will be discussed in this essay are client centered therapy, cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. Psychotherapies are classified as either insight, action or both which describes ultimate goal of the therapy. Insight refers to the therapies goal to bring clients to a deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behavior (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Action refers to therapies designed to bring about direct changes in troublesome thoughts, habits, feelings, or behavior, without seeking insight into their origins or meanings (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Psychotherapies can be classified as directive, non-directive or both referring to the role of the therapist. Directive refers to the therapist providing strong guidance and advice. Non-directive refers to the therapist merely assisting clients, who are responsible for solving their own problems. Psychotherapy may involve individual counseling, group or both (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Client centered therapy is considered part of the humanistic school of therapy. Client centered therapy is classified as nondirective based on the insights from conscious thoughts and feelings. It can involve individuals or groups. Carl Rogers believed...
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...Depression is a mental health issue that has been around for decades and is still currently one of the leading causes of death among young people. There has been much research done on what could be the most effective treatment for this mental illness. Looking at depression throughout the years, the most effective treatments can be narrowed done to psychotherapy, medication, surgery, self-treatment, and etc. The most prevalent treatment mentioned is psychotherapy, as there are multiple ways to incorporate it. Although there are some negative outlooks of psychotherapy such as societies' negative views, effectiveness and availability. Research has also been done on whether religion or lack thereof can be a co-factor in depression. There are many methods to treating depression, psychotherapy being one of the most effective and efficient known treatment. Over the years, there has been extensive research done to find and understand different treatments for depression, although many have been lost through the ages. There are ways we can try and incorporate aspects of some older treatments into our more newly developed treatments to treat patients more effectively. For example, James Overholser mentions his research of a variety of treatments such as sleep therapy, hydrotherapy, drug treatment, treatment by surgery, etc that were more commonly used near the 1800s (Overholser. J, 2002). The treatments that are provided today are not as effective as doctors would like, and there is still...
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...section 12 (1) (a)(b) (3), for private study only by students. STUDENT LEARNING GUIDE: COUNSELLING METHODS 1 2 Table of contents How this guide works ........................................................................................................................ 10 Module Readings .............................................................................................................................. 11 Prescribed text book ......................................................................................................................... 11 Prescribed and recommended readings ........................................................................................... 11 Session One: An Overview of Theories of Psychotherapy and Counselling ..................................... 14 Reading for the session ................................................................................................................. 14 Prescribed ..................................................................................................................................... 14 Recommended .............................................................................................................................. 14 Description of the session...
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...1 An introduction to counselling Introduction Stories of counselling Paula’s story: coming to terms with trauma Myra’s story: being depressed Matthew’s story: everything is getting on top of me Laura’s story: finding the right counsellor What is counselling? Defining counselling The relationship between counselling and psychotherapy Counselling and other helping professions The diversity of theory and practice in counselling The aims of counselling Counselling as an interdisciplinary area of study A user-centred definition of counselling Conclusions Chapter summary Topics for reflection and discussion Key terms and concepts Suggested further reading Introduction Counselling is a wonderful twentieth-century invention. We live in a complex, busy, changing world. In this world, there are many different types of experience that are difficult for people to cope with. Most of the time, we get on with life, but sometimes we are stopped in our tracks by an event or situation that we do not, at that moment, have the resources to sort out. Most of the time, we find ways of dealing with such problems in living by talking to family, friends, neighbours, priests or our family doctor. But occasionally their advice is not sufficient, or we are too embarrassed or ashamed to tell them what is bothering us, or we just don’t have an appropriate 2 An introduction to counselling person to turn to. Counselling is a really useful option at these moments. In most places, counselling is available fairly...
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...beneficial to the client for the therapist to use a more multi-disciplinary approach. To be able to discuss this subject, it is important to describe first what we mean when discussing PCT. Person-Centred Therapy, also known as client-centred, non-directive, or Rogerian therapy, is an approach to counselling and psychotherapy that places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a non-directive role. PCT emphasises person to person relationship between the therapist and client and focuses on the clientâs point of view; through active listening the therapist tries This essay is intended to explore the statement that Person-centered therapy offers therapists all they need to treat clients. In order to do this I intend to further explore the opinions of other individuals practicing and researching counseling therapies. My first thoughts are that if the Person centered approach was sufficient, there might not have been such a great variety of other approaches such as Cognitive therapy, Existential therapy, Rational Emotive Behavioral therapy, Psychotherapy etc. Hence, we are embarking a course on Psychotherapy. A large part of therapy is set in taking individuality into consideration as clients may not respond to certain types of therapy, and therapists themselves may find that they excel more in other approaches and deliver...
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...Multiculturalism: The Suppressor of Universality in all Counseling Krystin Warden Indiana University, Bloomington November 12, 2013 Abstract Multiculturalism is a widely-known issue in psychotherapy. Therapists have a hard time counseling culturally diverse clients, especially when they are unaware of their values, beliefs, and perceptions. There is debate on whether or not therapy works equally well for different populations; such as age groups, racial/ethnic groups, sexual minorities, different genders, socioeconomic class, and disabled bodies. Although some therapies might not work as well as they do with certain populations, techniques within those therapies can be taken and worked with multiple populations. Keywords: multiculturalism, psychotherapy Multiculturalism Original and traditional definitions of counseling, therapy, and mental health practice arose from a White-Euro American society; a single culture with specific norms, beliefs, and values (Sue & Sue, 2013). In other words, these long-established definitions excluded other cultures of the world. Our knowledge in such topics stems all the way back to a society that took up 5% of the world’s population, therefore we are not taking into account the other 95% of the world’s beliefs and values that also play a role in therapy (Sue & Sue, 2013). What is considered to be “good therapy” in context is in actuality “good therapy” to only the society whom the context originated from, giving misrepresentation...
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...There are two main types of therapy, individual psychotherapy and group psychotherapy. Group therapy could be considered more useful than individual therapy because group therapy gathers people with similar problems and allows them to have a discussion about them rather than a one-on-one session with a therapist. If a patient chooses to participate in group therapy, they should be aware that it is most effective if it is long term and can be combined with some individual therapy. Group therapy can help a person break out of their comfort level and improve their social skills. It is important for the patient to realize that they are not alone and that there is nothing wrong with asking for help. Advantages of group therapy: 1. Group Therapy usually costs much less compare to individual therapy. 2. Meeting different people with the problems can give a wider perspective of your own problems. 3. Listening to other people helps understand that you can view and handle problem more than one way. 4. Others people can provide more encouragement and emotional support. 5. Group therapy is of special value in treating problems involving communication with others, such as social phobia. Disadvantages of group therapy: 1. The most common disadvantage of group therapy is that the therapy is generalized, and not always specific to the needs of the individual. Not all clients receive any more attention than any others, so it is often unfocused and impersonal. 2. In any situation...
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...article Does Psychotherapy Help Some Students, Eder and Whitson (2006) provided an overview of 75 studies of outcome research on the effects of psychotherapy on children. Eder and Whitson (2006) discussed the dilemma of students unable to learn because of emotional or behavioral issues while “No Child Left Behind {is} requiring that all children succeed academically” (Eder and Whitson, 2006, pp. 337). While the American School Counselor Association National Model lists the responsibilities of a school counselor as “promoting the academic, career, and personal/social development of all students,” a study reviewed in this article indicated 17% to 22% of school-age youth have developmental, emotional, or behavioral issues (Eder and Whitson, 2006, pp. 337). The authors’ intent was to research the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions on adolescents and youth to determine, for school counselors and school administration, if school counselors should increase these types of interventions in a school setting or refer more students for appropriate treatment. The compilation of data from the research outcome studies typically used a control group and a treatment group of children ranging in age between 3 and 15 years old with a wide range of clinical issues. Eder and Whitson (2006) detailed the multiples studies areas of positive and negative effects with emphasis on client factors, counselor factors, treatment factors and process factors. Various forms of psychotherapy were utilized...
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...TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER Antisocial Personality Disorder: Also referred to as sociopathy or psychopathy interventions for people with antisocial personality disorder are poorly researched and direct evidence on the treatment of this population is scarce (British Psychological Society; 2010). it is also hard to assess how effective the available treatments are in dealing with APD’s symptoms. Antisocial personality disorder is one of the most difficult personality disorders to treat. People with the disorder rarely seek treatment on their own. Treatment is usually by force for eg. when required to by a court, the threat of termination of employment, impending divorce etc. (Grossmann, 2004 pg. 182). Treatment Even when diagnosed it can be difficult to treat the disorder. This is largely because by definition people with the disorder do not care that they are causing pains and problems, “they are possessed of an absent or defective conscience, restraints must usually be provided by external forces” (Grossman et al. 2004 pg. 182). Incarceration/criminal justice system: Sometimes hospitalization in a mental facility or incarceration during the most active criminal periods in a prison facility are necessary treatment steps. The majority of individuals receiving interventions for APD and associated problems will be in the criminal justice system – with the intervention provided by the probation or prison services. The aim being to reduce the offending...
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