...Psy01 • Answer: Advance diploma in integrative counselling, Certificate in Cognitive behavior therapy, • Question: How do you approach therapy or treatment? Do you use specific modalities, techniques, or interventions? • Answer: Therapy should create a safe, confidential setting that give the client an opportunity to be heard and listened to. Counseling and psychotherapy are a little bit similar but also very different. Counseling usually refers to treatment that may focus on a certain problem and behavior, and psychotherapy focus on how problems evolve by looking at the past and any meaning that a person has given it. • Question: What ethical and legal issues do you think are the most challenging or common? • Answer: Liabilities issues are always a challenge. • Question: Do you have an opinion on where you think the field of psychology is heading? • Answer: I believe that counselling and therapy are increasingly showing us that is a smarter way of dealing with a wide variety of personal problems. With that being said I think that therapy has come a long way and will strive to continue for much longer. • Question: What do you enjoy most about your work? • Answer: I enjoy working with people and I enjoy watching people make significant changes in their lives. The world of psychotherapy and counseling is a dynamic profession and especially with all this new research, understanding, insight and developing theories. • Question...
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...Psychotropic Drugs Aren’t the Answer Johnathan Thomas COM/155 September 18, 2013 JEANNE HUFFMAN Abstract According to the National Institute of Mental Health, an estimated 17 million adult Americans suffer from depression during any 1-year period. Depression is a real illness and carries with it a high cost in terms of relationship problems, family suffering and lost work productivity. Yet, depression is a highly treatable illness. There are many types of effective therapy available. Three of the more common methods used in depression treatment include cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and psychodynamic therapy. Often, a blended approach is used. Life style changes can prevent and treat depression with proper exercise, nutrition, sleep, social support and stress reduction. Once depression takes hold there are common measures used to combat it, psychotherapy and medications. Having said that, medications without psychotherapy, is as useless as a screen door on a submarine. Psychotropic Drugs Aren’t the Answer Medications can be harmful. Medication is an important part of the therapy process for some individuals, however, psychotropic medications (like all drugs), do not come without potential risks or side effects. Physical side effects from medication may include, but are not limited to, dizziness, drowsiness, changes in appetite, sleep disturbance, and/or weight gain. Side effects can also be emotional/psychological...
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...Counseling and psychotherapy models & theories Ariam K. Frezghi Liberty University Abstract Counselors and Psychologist have different jobs and strategies but both accomplish the same outcome at the end. The terms Counseling and Psychotherapy are often used interchangeably. Though they have similar meanings with considerable overlap, there are some important distinctions between the two. Counseling is generally used to denote a relatively brief treatment that is focused most upon behavior. Psychotherapy on the other hand is generally a longer term treatment which focuses on more gaining insight into chronic physical and emotional problems. The overall aim of the article is to restimulate research and theory on the relationship. Keywords: Counseling, Psychotherapy, theories, methods Introduction Counseling sometimes is a conversation or series of conversations between a counselor and client. Counseling usually focuses on a specific problem and taking the steps to address or solve it. It often targets a particular symptom or problematic situation and offers suggestions and advice for dealing with it. Problems are discussed in the present-tense, without too much attention on the role of past experiences. Though the titles “counselor” and “advisor” are often used like synonyms, counselors rarely offer advice. Instead, counselors guide clients to discover their own answers and support them through the actions they choose to take. Psychotherapy, like counseling...
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...EROS AND THANATOS INTRODUCTION Any student of the psychotherapies would have heard of the terms: Eros and thanatos Libido and mortido Life instinct and the death instinct If they have not heard of them then they should have! Freud seized on this concept and it became central in his overall theory of human nature. In his book “The ego and the id” he discusses this theory of instincts at length. Freud[1962] in his discussion of the two classes of instincts states that the first class is the sexual instincts or Eros. This is a "...selfpreservative instinct,..."(P30). On the other hand there is the death instinct whose task it is to, "...lead organic life back into the inanimate state;..."(P30). He is thus entering into the field of the philosophy of opposites. Human nature, life and the universe is unerringly a collection of opposites. The answer to the question, “Is it possible to have something that does not have an opposite?” begs unending cognition. Hyams(1998) notes this in her article on dissociation. She says that the world is full of polarities - good/bad, inhaling/exhaling, high/low and so on. In addition the is yin/yang, protons/electrons, left/right, black/white, matter/anti-matter and so on endlessly. Does something exist that does not have an opposite? I am yet to think of one. As soon as one defines ‘x’, then ‘not x’ is immediately defined as well. However that is for the philosophers to conjugate over. THEORY OF OPPOSITES Freud’s theory of these two instincts certainly...
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...one’s potential. Social cognitive perspective emphasizes on learning and focuses on one’s beliefs about self-regulation. The trait perspective focuses on the exact differences in people’s personality. Sigmund Freud discusses that people go through five psychosexual stages of development. From childhood to adolescence, children will go through the oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stages. Freud expressed that after birth an infant can have sexual urges but it will not be in comparison of an adult. He believed that infants and young children looks for sensual pleasures from all areas of the body. The conflict in the psychosexual stage is when parents will thwart or spoil the child’s expression of satisfying feelings. Carl Jung’s psychotherapy method follows the one of Freud’s in which he often admitted. In the event that the Freud’s...
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...scores are high in all the areas of assessment, they are assured the job suits them. A career evaluation process involves completing career assessments. These assessments are usually administered by a career counselor. The assessments are not tests since there are no right or wrong answers. The assessment allows a person to see their scores in various careers based on how they answer questions regarding their interests, skills, values and personality traits. Most people use this as a means to make solid career choices (Deborah, 2013). Process of Assessment Standardization is a way to establish uniform procedures to be used in an assessment. Assessment results should be as objective as possible in order to be considered valid and meaningful. Standardized assessment can be ensured by procedures before, during and after testing. (American Speech- Language-Hearing Association, 2015) Before Testing Test developers should provide evidence of what the test measures and the strengths and limitations of the test including the level of precision of test scores. The content and skills that are to be tested are selected and the tests are developed. The students should well prepared with practice tests, answer sheets, manuals and score reports. The testing environment should be well selected. For a standardized assessment it should be given to a group of bout twenty five students. Each groups should have a test administrator who is familiar to the students. The test administrator are responsible...
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...is safe and accept the help offer by the therapist or counselor. One could possibly set his or her on goals for change or except those of the therapist or counselor. “Person-centered therapy holds an optimistic view of human personality and focuses on present rather than past experience. Focusing on the inner experience of persons rather than on observable behavior, it holds that behavioral change evolves from within the person rather than through the manipulation of the environment” (Parrott III, 2003). View on Helping Developing a personal theory for the way one would want to understand human nature and provide him or her with the help he or she needs takes careful consideration. From what I have learned from this counseling and psychotherapy class is that the helping professional is a complex and overwhelming process, and one has to understand the methods one uses. My view on professional help is that it be created for a reason and is there to offer the best guidance for individuals who need it....
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...has brought her to the mental health clinic to help her with these issues. Maria’s symptoms require further analysis to reach a diagnostic conclusion as her symptoms are apparent in the criteria of a variety of disorders, to include, post traumatic stress disorder, certain panic disorders, and major depression. Maria will be observed, and a complete assessment of her will be concluded. Once the assessment is complete a diagnosis will be made and a complete and effective treatment plan will be administered. What will also be included by the attending therapists is the diagnosis, along with the possible causes, names of treatment, and a copy of the treatment plan. The clinical interview is the beginning point for Maria and how she answers the interview questions applies to the analysis and diagnosis of her issues. The questions asked during Maria’s interview are as follows: 1. Why do you feel the need to seek therapy? 2. What do you expect to gain from your therapy sessions? 3. How was your relationship with your family as a child versus how it is currently? 4. How have you been during intimate relationships? 5. Have you ever experienced a panic attack and if so, what usually triggers it? 6. Give me one memory that makes you happy and why? 7. Is there any history of depression or...
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...Evaluating Psychodynamic psychotherapy Posted March 10, 2006 by Yousif Al Saif • Updated March 13, 2006 Sigmund Freud is one of the founding fathers of modern psychology. He started his work in psychiatry after finishing his medical training in Vienna. He was taught in Paris by one of the most influential psychiatrist in his time Charcot. Charcot tackled hysteria by using hypnosis as a treatment technique. Freud, however, thought that hypnosis is not an effective treatment approach to hysteria and decided to pursue another approach. He later adopted a method of treatment called "free association" where the client says whatever comes to his/her mind and used the resulting stream of strong conscious emotions as a helpful way to his patients (McLeod, 1998). Freud also used dream analysis as a way to enter the subconscious and unveil the suppressed thoughts and memories of patients (Freud, 1900). He also noted key psychotherapeutic phenomenons such as the client-therapist’s “transference” and “counter-transference” and the client’s “resistance”. Freud theories went through considerable modification by the neo-Freudians such as Carl Jung, Otto Rank, and Alfred Adler. Now some psychotherapists base their work broadly on Freud’s work but mainly on neo-Freudians which is called the psychodynamic approach to psychotherapy. The psychodynamic approach gives great importance to childhood experiences and believes that the client’s psychological problems are a direct result of these experiences...
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...1. Introduction Psychotherapy is a process focused on helping you heal and learn more constructive ways to deal with the problems or issues within your life. It can also be a supportive process when going through a difficult period or under increased stress, such as starting a new career or going through a divorce (Hawkins, 2010). Most psychotherapy tends to focus on problem solving and is goal-oriented. That means on the onset of treatment, you and your therapist decide up on which specific changes you would like to make in your life. These goals will often be broken down into smaller attainable objectives and put into a formal treatment plan (Hawkins, 2010). The purpose of this study was to explore public attitudes toward psychotherapy treatment and how they perceive importance of psychotherapy treatment, mental health issues are of ever growing importance in modern society. While there are numerous studies on the attitude of the general public toward psychiatry in general, little research has been done concerning the specific field of psychotherapy (Hawkins, 2010). 2. Literature review 2.1 History of mental illness in the Middle East 2.1.1 Pre-Islamic era: Ancient Egyptians believed that diseases were mainly because of evil spirits or wrath of gods. Their philosophy of the afterlife came from the idea that they were part of continuous cycle. Therefore, they believed in the physical continuation of the life after death. From this belief, they gave much attention...
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...behind it such as avoiding punishment. Everyone carries the trait of being untruthful to manipulate a situation. Pathological lying has a trait called Pseudologia Phantastica, which causes the person to believe their own lies. Pathological lying is becoming an epidemic, which is requiring a need for recognizing the problem, as being a pathological liar is a danger to one’s self or to others. There are several different kinds of liars: there are ordinary liars, compulsive liars, and pathological liars. An ordinary liar is the everyday person that tells a little white lie to avoid consequences or just to add exaggeration. For example, I asked my six year old brother, Isaiah, if he ate the doughnuts that I had in my room, and his immediate answer was no, even though I could see the white powder around his lips. Thinking he would get in trouble, Isaiah lied to avoid consequences. Compulsive liars are people who lie because it is a habit. They lie to avoid the truth, which may be uncomfortable to them. Low self-esteem is a big factor in being a compulsive liar. My cousin Cindy is an example of a compulsive liar. Back when I was living in Chicago, Illinois, there was a theme park call “Six Flags.” A new ride, Superman, had just come out that day; I asked Cindy to come with me to try out the new ride, and her response was she had already been on the ride several times. I asked Cindy how she could have road the ride several times if it just opened today, and she then said that she had...
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...estalt Therapy Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that relates to the process of human perception and works on a basic concept of the Gestalt approach «The whole is different from the sum of its parts.» This approach in Gestalt psychotherapy describes the process of perception in addition to the psychic equipment in general. The Gestalt approach originated from research that was initiated by psychologists specializing in human perception which demonstrated that humans do not recognize objects as separate elements and instead organize the objects into significant totalities via the process of perception. The concept of Gestalt psychotherapy was then formally developed by Fritz Perlsduring the 1950s, a well known psychiatrist and psychotherapist that initiated an entirely new approach to psychotherapy. The name «Gestalt» means «form» and is derived from Hans-Jurgen Walter's «Gestalt Theory Psychotherapy» which is based on Gestalt psychology. Gestalt psychology relates to the interconnection of the individual and the increase in awareness where the individual's senses and behaviors merge together. Gestalt therapywas created to help individuals with problem solving. Fritz Perls noticed that the concept of individualism was a positive one but there was also a reverse side to this theory. The people who were looking for the answer to their hopes and dreams looked to Gestalt therapy as the answer which eventually became a weak point in the methodology. He added that for a...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Psychotherapy has different approaches depending on the school, theorist, or person administering the therapy. Is one approach better than the other? This is an extremely difficult question to answer. The best way to determine which approach to administer is by using knowledge coupled with unique information in regards to the individual seeking psychotherapy. For psychotherapy to work effectively, one must first evaluate the psychological issue at hand. Every individual has a personality that is uniquely made up eight key aspects that are the unconscious, ego forces, biological, conditioning, cognitive, traits, spiritual dimension, and interaction. Although there might be similarities between personalities, it is impossible to have the same eight key aspects on more than one individual. Personality psychology truly is fascinating and is defined as the scientific study of psychological forces that make individuals unique. This paper will compare and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler. These three theorists devoted much of their time and energy developing unique approaches, methods, and techniques of psychoanalytic theory used to treat patients today. Sigmund Freud was the true founder of the psychoanalytic theory. Later, his student’s Alfred Adler and Carl Jung questioned Freud’s interpretation of dreams resulting in the Adler and Jungian theories. The psychoanalytic theory developed by Freud encouraged patients...
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...Examination of Clinical Psychology Lisa Brown PSY/480 April 6, 2015 William Philadelphia Examination of Clinical Psychology This paper will be providing an examination of clinical psychology. This examination will include discussing the history and evolving nature of clinical psychology, the role of research and statistics in clinical psychology, and the differences between clinical psychology and other mental health professions such as social work, psychiatry, and school psychology. History of Clinical Psychology The field of psychology was born in 1892 with the American Psychological Association being founded. Clinical psychology was born four years later, in 1896 with the first psychological clinic being opened at the University of Pennsylvania. Lightner Witmer opened this clinic and provided the ability to apply psychological philosophy to human illness (Reisman, 1991). Many of Witmer’s colleagues did not like the idea of using the science of psychology on real clinical problems. Even though Witmer’s thoughts and ideas were not well received at that time, he was still able to open the clinic and provide programs for children struggling with school-related issues (Plante, 2011). The development of tests to help explore the mental abilities in children grew with the Binet-Simon intelligence scale that was created for testing children in 1904. The scale was renamed Stanford-Binet in 1916 when a psychologist at Stanford University revised the scale...
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...Name: John M. Mwangi Course Name: Depression and Anxiety Course Number: BC 504 Assignment Number: 2 Audio Number: Project Number: Date of seminar (if applicable): Course instructor for seminar (if applicable): Location of seminar (if applicable): **The Assignment Number, Audio Number (if applicable), and Project Number (if applicable) must be accurate in order to process the lesson and record the grade. The correct information is stated in the Course Study Guide. --------------------------------------------------------------- SECULAR AND BIBLICAL APPROACHES TO DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIOUS PROBLEMS Table of Contents: * Introduction * Dysthymia * Diagnosis * Combined efficiency * Different Views * Sufficient and insufficient of medicine * Conclusion * Bibliography A comparison of the effectiveness of medical vs.non-medical treatments for any of the mood disorders or anxiety disorders listed in the DSM-IV-TR Introduction In order to understand the person that God created am going to use an analogy of a computer in comparison with the human being. Computer has two important sides; the outer part or the monitor and the inner part or the central processing unit (CPU). The Bible teaches us that man is a duplex being with two distinct aspects of a body or the outer person and the spirit or the inner person. The outer person is what everyone looks at all the time and people judge by looking at the outer side and identifies us...
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