...Media B.V. 2009 Abstract This paper reviews some of the literature on the use of groupwork as a form of assessment in tertiary institutions. It outlines the considerable advantages of groupwork but also its systemic associated problems. In discussing the problems, the paper considers issues such as ‘‘free riding’’ and the ‘‘sucker effect’’, issues associated with ethnic mix in groups, and the social dilemma problem—in which students face conflicting demands between altruism and self-interest. The paper then outlines several models of effective groupwork and makes suggestions for implementing groupwork tasks. The paper also looks at the key assessment tasks which are commonly employed—namely, additive, conjunctive, disjunctive and discretionary tasks—and assesses which are most suited to groupwork. The paper considers the related issues of task complexity, recognition for effort, and strategies for minimising issues concerning group size. The paper also briefly considers strategies for implementing incentives for groupwork members, and outlines the issue of penalties for unproductive group members. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for how to maximise the advantages of groupwork while trying to minimise the disadvantages. Keywords Groupwork Á Assessment Á Free-riding Á Sucker effect Introduction: the advantages of groupwork The importance of groupwork as a form of assessment has long been recognised among educators. Its use has been justified...
Words: 11103 - Pages: 45
...4.1 Group Behavior and Nature of Groups In an organization there are different groups and these groups act distinct to each other. A group is a number of people or things that are placed together. However there are different definitions given by different authors in defining what a group is. According to author Charles Handy he defined a group as ‘any collection of people who recognizes themselves to be a group.’(1993) On the other hand Marvin Shaw, he defined a group as ‘a group is defined as two or more people who collaborate with one another in a sense that each person persuades and is persuaded by each other.’(1981) Generally groups are categorized into two main types named as Formal and Informal groups. Formal group is a type of group that is well-structured and a group established by management, subordinates or by representatives of an organization. These types of groups are established to take care of a particular task. The prime function of a formal group is to further the objectives and aims of the organization as introduced in mission statements and policies. Normally these types of groups work under a single supervisor. The following are the types of Formal groups, * Command Groups; this is a type of group in which individuals report to a given manager. In other words this is a group containing both managers and their subordinates. * Committee Groups; Committee groups are more of a formal working group. In this type of formal group individuals...
Words: 905 - Pages: 4
...QBA GROUP TASK 2 – MANAGERIAL REPORT (BASED ON VISITOR ARRIVALS TO HAWAII - JUNE 2003) 1.0 FOUR MAIN DATA VARIABLES NUMERIC VARIABLES IMPLICATIONS for HAWAII VISITORS BUREAU No. of trips to Hawaii (including repeat visits) Success of tourism promotion Hawaii as preferred destination Total No. of days in Hawaii Traveler behaviour Facilitating tourist spending NON-NUMERIC VARIABLES Reason for trip Package to offer to tourists Meeting tourist preferences Where I plan to stay Accommodation planning Promotions coverage 2.0 DESCRIPTIVE STATS For the purpose of this report we will focus only on: Total No. of days in Hawaii (numeric) Reason for Trip (non-numeric) 2.1 Total No. of Days Correct average formula is – Total days stayed\Visitors per country From our raw data (Grp Task 1) I’ve reduced it to 20 countries (and taken out Taiwan 70\Indonesia 169\Malaysia153 - as these ave. days stayed are too high) Country Ave. 1. US 1 2. Canada 2 3. Germany 2 4. China 3 5. Australia 3 6. Korea 6 7. UK 7 8. France 8 9. Philippines 8 10. Switzerland 9 11. Brazil 10 12. Japan 12 13. Mexico 14 14. Italy 17 15. Singapore 20 16. Ireland 21 17. Argentina 25 18. Hong Kong 28 19. Thailand 29 20. New Zealand 37 Total – 20countries 262 Measure Calculation Value Sample mean (total\n) 262 20 13.1 Median (sort data in order) (ave of 10th and 11th) 10th Switzerland 11th Brazil 9+10 2 9.5 ...
Words: 505 - Pages: 3
...Tute Group: (Day)______(Time)______ Group Member Being Evaluated Name:________________________ ID:_________ Meeting Attendance | Completed Agreed Tasks | Met Agreed Targets | Communicated Effectively | One or only a few meetings attended | | One or only a few agreed tasks completed | | One or only a few agreed targets met | | No communication with the group after the first meeting | | More than half meetings attended | | More than half agreed tasks completed | | More than half agreed targets met | | Infrequent communication with the group after the first meeting | | All meetings attended | | All agreed tasks completed | | All agreed targets met | | Frequent communication with the group | | Instructions * Complete one form for each of your assignment group partners. Place a tick next to the relevant description of your group partner’s behaviour for each of the categories. * When evaluating the completion of agreed tasks, focus on both task completion and task quality. For example, an agreed task may be to write a section of the report. If the task is completed, but the work done by the group member is not referenced, has spelling mistakes and poor English expression, then the task is not fully completed. * When evaluating if communication has been effective, focus on both the frequency of communication and communication quality. For example, a group member may answer emails and other messages. However, if the communication by the group member...
Words: 307 - Pages: 2
...NT2799 NSA CAPSTONE COURSE TEAM AGREEMENT & WORK PLAN [COMPANY NAME] [Date] I. TEAM AGREEMENT A. Individual Contribution This document should be a guide for individual tasking for the current team assignment. Through your chosen collaboration platforms and tools, each group member must individually enable your instructor to determine your level of involvement and contribution to the final team product. Individual team members who do not document their level of team involvement and contribution to the final team product may have their individual grade reduced, at the discretion of the instructor. Each group must seek and acknowledge their instructor’s preference on this point. B. Desirable team behaviors Examples of desirable behaviors are punctuality, effective "listening," no harmful "group think," systematic documentation of important team communications and decisions, etc. C. Submission of Final Document Team members will post all individual contributions to the team assignment in the team study group conference. Team members may find it helpful to use email to improve timeliness for review of deliverables. Your team should ensure that the final assignment that has been reviewed by all team members before submission to the instructor. Each member must upload the final paper in the dropbox under the assignment tab. D. Team Contact Information |Member Names |Telephone Numbers ...
Words: 703 - Pages: 3
...Community (CLC) * Introduction: * Group work can seem like a daunting task, particularly in an asynchronous environment in which communication occurs primarily online or, at a distance. Even if you are enrolled in a course that meets weekly, conflicting schedules can make it difficult to arrange outside meetings with your group members. However, with proper planning and clear communications, teams can work effectively and efficiently with little or no face-to-face contact. Achieving good outcomes requires that individuals with different strengths, weaknesses, and perspectives come together to arrive at consensus. Several tools have been created to help your group get started, get organized, and stay on task. With these tools and tips, you will find that working as a team of educated professionals is not only more efficient but more rewarding as well. This professional collaboration is after all, the nature of nursing. Nurses work with others to help others. Working in teams produces the best outcome for patients and the nursing profession. The first step in working effectively as a team is to arrive at consensus. Before the real work begins, the entire group must agree on fundamental aspects of the work to be done. Together, the group must decide: What the outcome or final product should look like? What the objective is and what method should be used to achieve it? Who should be responsible for doing what tasks, given their experience and talents? What approach...
Words: 605 - Pages: 3
...conclusions based on evidence presented can be drawn. SAMPLE CASE STUDY FOCUSING ON MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: Management Case Study Introduction Throughout the study, Shelley’s class was well managed. Explanations and evidence to support the following six assertions regarding Shelley’s management style are presented: 1. Shelley did not focus extensively on behavior management; 2. Shelley monitored student behavior throughout lessons; 3. Shelley promptly dealt with potential disruptive behavior; 4. Shelley reinforced acceptable behavior; 5. Shelley was very tolerant of student interaction and discussion; and, 6. Shelley devoted a great deal of time to task management. Assertions and Evidence Throughout the study, Shelley did not focus extensively on behavior management. On most days, the students in Shelley’s class were very well behaved and seemed to be familiar with Shelley’s rules regarding classroom behavior. On occasions when Shelley considered student behavior to be inappropriate, she provided corrective feedback in the form of non-verbal gestures or short reprimands. Once the feedback was provided, Shelley continued with instruction and did not dwell on behavior. Examples of corrective feedback statements regarding the behavior of the whole class included, “Let’s get back into control,...
Words: 1264 - Pages: 6
...TASK P6-PART B To: Store Manager From: Charlie Boorman Date: 12th November 2015 Subject: Blacklands Farm Overview of the task Firstly, we decided on doing a Bridge building task. The aim of this task was to build a bridge out of the resources provided. Our bridge had to be strong enough so it could to manage to hold a glue stick and other objects the bridge could hold. We first decided to a draw a plan for the bridge on a piece of paper. We then decided to distribute roles based on the skills certain individuals had. Freddie was the leader of the team; he started by rolling the paper to make pillars to support the bridge. At first we struggled to work as a team so he was the one that got the team focused and on track. Jack then started by building the main part of the bridge, which the glue would balance on. I then started cutting off strips of sellotape which we would use to connect the pillars to the main structure of the bridge. On Wednesday 11th November I attended a trip to Blacklands Farm where we had to work in teams to achieve a certain goal. Before we started the team building activity we had to select a leader, so as a group we decided that Alex would fit the role perfectly. We had to deal with situations in which Communication and teamwork was very important. For example, in the team building task we had were given slabs of wood which had to lay down a path to get from one side to another, but if our we took our foot off one of the slabs then they were taken...
Words: 1681 - Pages: 7
...delivery. Governments in the vastness of their administration requirements are often unable to maintain either everyday or random tasks of service delivery. This could be due to various reasons, such as; lack of communication, misunderstanding the chain of command, individuals or groups being appointed to complete such tasks that have insufficient knowledge and/or authority required for the fulfilment of such tasks etc. etc. Such shortfalls on tasks as vitally important to a country as service delivery can cripple Government infrastructure and create political unrest amongst unsatisfied citizens. When we are referring to ramifications of this extent, it is imperative that governments / organisations implement safety measures that cover and maintain the correct execution of service delivery. Project management is a clear and concise method that can be implemented simply and cost effectively, and integrate simply into existing infrastructure. Basically what Project Management boils down to, is a simplified process of getting the right person, with the required authority and capability to manage a need, and ensure the fulfilment of said need. So instead of having various groups, reporting to various authorities, with regards to multiple tasks, you have one group of individuals, who have the relevant authority to delegate specific tasks. Service Delivery of Basic Education Curriculum Reform In a nutshell, service delivery of Curriculum Reform is referring...
Words: 1094 - Pages: 5
...1. How should you as the leader make decisions to resolve the situations in the survey? I should make the decisions based on the readiness level of the group, since according to Levi (2014), the appropriate style depends of the readiness level of the group, which refers to the skills of group members, their experience with the task, their capacity to set goals, and their ability to assume responsibility (p.191). 2. Do you have a preferred leadership style? Based on the result of the survey, I got 3 points for supporting leadership style, 2 points for both coaching and delegating leadership styles, and 1 point for directing leadership style. The result indicates that my preferred style is supporting, which emphasizes less on task, but more on relationship (Levi, 2014, p.191). 3. How flexible are you with your leadership style? In which situations is this leadership style most appropriate? * I think I can use different leadership styles for different circumstances. Here is my experience that led a team in my undergraduate school. In 2009, when I was a freshman, I joined a club called Professional Association in my college. One year later I was selected to be the leader of one of departments in the association. In 2010, my department had three main activities: held a seminar of internship experience sharing, organized a Flea Market in school, and invited Meizu Co. Ltd. and China Unicom to make a career talk. We had to write a proposal for the activity...
Words: 661 - Pages: 3
...General Outline for Business Consulting Reports Management 451 Your group’s report will follow a similar format. Sample consulting reports from previous semesters are available in the library on course reserve. I. Cover Page Covers are usually printed on heavy, flexible pieces of paper called “coverstock.” The main reason that “coverstock” is used is so that it can protect the document. The cover should carry the title of the report along with some extra information that will help people who may want to file it for later use. For example, you might want to list the members of the team, show off the company logo, and list the date of the final submission of the report. For more on creating a good title, make sure to carefully review section 3 (Title Page) You can create your cover by preparing your material with a word-processing program. If your computer’s printer won’t print on “coverstock,” you can print it on regular paper, and then photocopy it on heavier paper (Paula Lewis in the EMA office can help you out with this). II. Disclaimer Page A disclaimer is a statement that the company or organization hopes will limit its liability for the product or service it provides (as your instructors, we certainly do not want to be held responsible for any bad advice or research you provide your clients ☺ ). The disclaimer statement is fairly typical in consulting projects, and if nothing else reflects the seriousness of writing at a professional level...
Words: 3435 - Pages: 14
...up, everyone agreed and very excited. During the forming stage, we discussed about our purpose, set and assigned tasks, and established timelines. We don’t have to start forming personal relationships since we are very close. We have known each other for more than 8 years. Then, the need of clarity about our activities and goals as well as guidance how we will work led us to the second stage as “storming”. We have set up a meeting daily to share and confront one another’s ideas. Some conflicts occurred almost in every meeting but, unlike many others, the problems surprisingly can be solved quickly. It’s said that you should “never do business with friends.” I wholeheartedly disagree. After months that we gathered together, we have already proved that it doesn’t always true. At the third stage “norming”, we have set role for each member according to each specialty. One member is assigned to be an accountant while one is a chef and the other is a marketing director. When we successfully established strategy for achieving our goals, we then moved to the fourth stage, which is “performing”, as we are now “performing” very hard towards our goal. At present, our first branch is successfully launched and we also plan to open our second branch by next year. These steps might be repeated again when there are new plans such as for festive seasons. Each member in our groups is unique yet unity. We play more than one role, at the same time or over a period of time. Each member’s roles depend...
Words: 499 - Pages: 2
...ways to describe the term team, which involve a group of people with different skills and tasks, work together on common project, services or goals fusing skills together for mutual support. Teams operate with a high degree of independence, sharing authority and responsibility of self-management working towards a common goal and shared rewards. A team becomes more than just a collection of people when a strong sense of mutual commitment creates synergy which generates a performance greater than the sum of the performance of its individual members. • Formal Formal teams or groups are created deliberately by managers and charged with carrying out specific tasks to help the organization achieve its goals. The most prevalent type of formal group is the command team, which includes a manager and all employees who report to that manager. In some organizations that want to de-emphasize hierarchy, the titles may change. For instance, at MBA (basketball), the managers of command teams are called “coaches” and the team members are called associates. The benefit of a formal team is that the organizational structure clearly to the superior subordinate relationship such as team players report and get told what’s what by the coach. • Informal An informal team work group is a group formed by employees of an organization that is created under no directive from management but simply because group members have a shared common interest. The group may focus on issues that run counter to organizational...
Words: 1427 - Pages: 6
...Information | Title | Assessment task 3 | Type | Role Play – Resolving Conflict | Assessment Number | 3 of 3 | Due Date | Week 14 – 16 Marks 25 | General Information | Decision Making RulesAll assessment criteria within the task must be satisfactorily completed for the task to be assessed as satisfactorily completed.Reasonable adjustmentA student may request reasonable adjustment for assessment tasks by contacting AccessAbility Services. Consideration will then be given by the teacher for the methods by which evidence is collected. However, the evidence criteria for making competent/not yet competent decisions (and/or awarding grades) must be the same irrespective of the group and/or individual being assessed.Reasonable adjustment usually involves varying: * the processes for conducting the assessment (eg: allowing additional time, varying the venue) * the evidence gathering techniques (eg: oral rather than written questioning, use of a scribe, modifications to equipment)Special ConsiderationStudents can apply for special consideration if personal circumstances or illness have adversely affected their result in an assessment, or their ability to undertake an assessment. If they wish to seek special consideration, a special consideration form must be completed no later than 3 days after the due date of the assessment and submitted to the relevant Senior Educator.Re-submission if not satisfactorily completed Assessment tasks that are not satisfactory can be resubmitted...
Words: 1692 - Pages: 7
...discuss each of the following and why you think you could be well matched to this profession: * Tasks, Tools, & Technology * Knowledge, Skills, Abilities * Work Activities and Context * Wages & Employment Trends, State and National Availability The profession I chose was Child, Family and School Social worker. The task for this profession include counseling individuals, groups or families in a wide range of issues from unemployment to health/ mental issues. Another task would be to ask as a link between students, schools, family services, child guidance clinics, courts, protective services and doctors to help children with various issues. Because almost everything is now electronic; computers, printers, and fax machines are the tools to complete this job, as well as Microsoft software (excel, word, etc.) To be able to be successful in this profession I would need knowledge in therapy and counseling. I would also need to know quite a bit about sociology and anthropology as well as legal codes and government regulations. The skills needed are pretty much basic. They include reading comprehension, active listening, monitoring and social perceptiveness. Work activities include organizing, planning and prioritizing work. You would also need to analyze and evaluate situations for the best possible solution. There is a lot of communication involved. The work context is done through a variety of sources. Telephone, face to face, fax and electronic email...
Words: 298 - Pages: 2
