...Introduction – Quality Producing and deliver high quality goods or service is a must for any businesses. No consumers would buy poor quality goods or pay to experience poor quality service. However most consumers have a difficult time defining quality. For examples every consumers have different opinion on the quality of the sports outfit of Nike. Some may said Nike quality is better than Reebok and others may disagree. So till today quality does not have any single universal definition (Reid & Sanders, 2005). Some may view quality as performance to standards while others view it as meeting the customer’s needs or satisfying the customer (Reid & Sanders, 2005). In common, there are a series of characteristic to define quality which are (1) conformance to specifications, (2) fitness for use, (3) value for price paid, (4) support services and (5) psychological criteria. (1) Conformance to specifications measures how well the product or service meets the targets and tolerances determined by its designers (Reid & Sanders, 2005). For example if a Nike said that their sport shoes are made in light blue color but turnout navy blue then it would not consider in good quality. (2) Fitness for use focuses on how well the product performs its intended function or use (Reid & Sanders, 2005). For example if Nike watches claim to be waterproofs for 5m but turnout the real watches malfunction in 1m then it would not consider in good quality. (3) Value for price paid is a definition of quality that...
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...Total Quality Management in the Software World Abstract This paper examines total quality management (TQM) against the backdrop of the software world. First an overview of the background and evolution of total quality management will be detailed, then an article will be examined that discusses total quality management on an organizational level, and how it can be beneficial. After that an empirical study is reviewed that discusses the relationship between TQM and software quality. Finally this paper is wrapped up with a look at how TQM development methods should be introduced and the different ways in which is benefits both the employee and customer. Keywords: tqm, total quality management, software total quality management, tqm software methodologies Total Quality Management in the Software World According to Dale, Dewhurst, and Martínez-Lorente (1998), Total quality management is now being applied by a considerable number of companies and the topic itself is now a popular subject of many books and papers. While total quality management began to be used in the mid 1980’s (Dale et. al., 1998) it wasn’t until the late 1980’s it became a part of quality related language and even later still until it was put to use in the world of software and I.T. (information technology). This paper will examine the following total quality management topics: 1. What is the background and history of total quality management? 2. What value does TQM add to software quality? ...
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...restoration. It means taking responsibility for our choices. The responsibility for environmental quality should be shared by all those whose actions affect the environment. 3 Defining Environmental Stewardship Organizations putting systems in place that will enable them to: Use resources efficiently Reduce waste and minimize on the negative impacts on the environment Translate reduced consumption and waste into financial savings Provide a healthy, more efficient and effective working environment 4 Defining Environmental Stewardship Embodies the concept of a Green Office, a Green School or Green Home which is conceptualized as smarter and better as it is: Ecological - using non-toxic, recycled, environmentally friendly products and supplies Efficient – using as little energy and other resources as possible and putting out the smallest amount of waste as possible Healthy – will generate as little visual, noise and physical pollution as possible 5 Environmental Stewardship Concepts and Definitions 3Rs 6Rs Conservation Eco-efficiency Environmentally Preferred Products and Services Environmental Steward 6 Environmental Stewardship Concepts and Definitions Green Building Green Office Green Procurement Green Purchasing Life Cycle Costing Recycling Resources 7 Principles of Environmental Stewardship Core Principle 1: Resource Conservation – making the most efficient use of resources (materials, energy and water)...
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...Berkley, R. A., & Watson, G. (2009). The employer-employee relationship as a building block for ethics and corporate social responsibility. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 21(4), 275-277. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10672-009-9124-4 This article emphasises on keeping up of a good employee-employer relationship as the important element of maintaining ethics and corporate social responsibility. Employee as one of the inevitable factors of organisation should be considered as the most important stakeholder of business. Restrictive approaches towards employee will badly affect the organisation and the organisation may not be successful towards external stake holders like society as its basic duty itself towards the employee is a failure. At the same time, the employee has to be concerned about his duty towards organisation and should try to fulfil it in union with the employer. In conclusion, employee and employer relationship is an unavoidable element to secure ethics and social responsibility of the firm. This article gives a bird’s eye view about the requirement of maintaining a good employee-employer relationship, although it does not deal with the topic in a wide manner. The article consists of some relevant examples to prove the writers’ arguments. But, it does not put forward relevant suggestions to make the point practical. In spite of that, the writers have won in ascertaining employee and employer relationship as the requirement of time to secure...
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...Syllabus-MBA (Hospital Administration) PAPER – I: BASIC CONCEPT OF HEALTH -Code MHA 101 Concept of Health and Disease • Concept of health & disease and well being. • Natural history of disease and role of hospitals to offer various levels of care • Prevention aspect of diseases • Dynamics of disease transmission • Changing pattern of diseases • Concept of health indicators Preliminary Human anatomy and Physiology • Basic concepts of human anatomy • Basic concepts of human physiology Suggested Reading: Human Anatomy- Prof. Samar Mitra Human Anatomy- Prof. A. K. Dutta Text Book of Human Physiology- Dr. C. C. Chatterjee Common Pathological Conditions • Basic concepts of pathogenesis of common diseases • Basic concepts of interpretation of investigations reports Suggested Reading: Robbin’s Textbook of Pathology – Robbin, Cotran, Kumar Textbook of Microbiology – Ananantanarayan & Paniker Basic concepts of Pharmacology: Commonly used Medicine in a hospital, Narcotic drugs, use and abuse of drugs. Dispensing of medicine, Drugs store, drug stock / purchase of medicine, oxygen, I/V Fluid, Chemicals etc. Suggested Reading: Textbook of Pharmacology: Dr. K. D. Tripathi PAPER – 2: Hospital Based Healthcare & Its changing scenario-Code MHA 102 Overview of Hospital • Concept of Modern Hospital & Privatization in Health Sector • Public Sector Hospitals and Level of care / offered facilities ...
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...Introduction to Quality Chapter 1 The History and Importance of Quality In a broad sense, quality assurance refers to any planned and systematic activity directed toward providing consumers with products (goods and services) of appropriate quality belong with the confidence that products meet consumers’ requirements. Quality assurance has been an important aspect of production operations throughout history. * The Age of Craftsmanship During the middle ages in Europe, skilled craftsperson, adequately trained by craft guilds, served as both as manufacturer and inspector. Quality assurance was informal; every effort was made to ensure that quality was built into the final product by the people who produce it. These themes which were lost with the advent of industrial revolution are important foundations of modern quality assurance efforts. * The Early Twentieth Century In the early 1900s, the work of Frederick W. Taylor, led to new philosophy of production. Taylor’s philosophy was to separate the planning function from the execution function. Managers and engineers were given the task of planning, supervisor and workers took on the task of execution. Inspection was the primary mean of quality control during the first half of the twentieth century. * Post- World War II After the war, during the late 1940s and early 1950s, Quality was not a priority of top managers. Top management showed little interest in quality improvement on the prevention of defects...
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...significance of management MEANING Management is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources and natural resources. -Wikipedia According to Harold Koontz, "Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organised groups." Harold Koontz gave this definition of management in his book "The Management Theory Jungle". Management involves the activities to control and monitor the people in an organization to achieve the desired goals of the organization. The roles of management include planning, organizing, staffing, directing and monitoring the employees. A manager directs the people to perform the tasks which ultimately result in gaining the goals of the company. Management also deals with the allocation, planning, and manipulation of the resources available to the organization. In the recent years the concept of management has changed because of the decentralization in the organizations. Today, management facilitate the activities of the workers instead of controlling them. There is no universally accepted definition for management, therefore...
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...The meaning of quality in terms of business and services has changed significantly. There are different definition of quality, however, each of the organisation interpret it as per their needs and requirement. According to Peter Drucker, quality in terms of products and service is not what is put in by the supplier but it is what is given to the customer or what the customer is willing to pay for the quality. While on the other hand, the American Society for Quality defined it as the subjective term for each of the individual because everyone has his or her own definition of quality. However, in technical terms quality is considered as the characteristics of the product or service through which ability to satisfy the need is achieved. Moreover,...
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...ESTABLISHING QUALITY POLICY What Does this Mean? ISO 9000:2005 defines a quality policy as the overall intentions and direction of an organization related to quality as formally expressed by top management. It also suggests that the policy be consistent with the overall policy of the organization and provides a framework for setting quality objectives. Furthermore, ISO 9000:2005 advises that the eight quality management principles be used as a basis for forming the quality policy. The quality policy can therefore be considered as the values, beliefs and rules that guide actions, decisions and behaviours. Why is this Necessary? Defining the purpose or mission of the business is one thing but without some guiding principles, the fulfilment of this mission may not happen unless effort is guided in a common direction. If every manager chooses his or her direction and policies, the full potential of the organization would not be realized. The purpose of corporate policies is to influence the short- and long-term actions and decisions and to influence the direction in which the mission will be fulfilled. If there were policies related to the organization’s customers, they could be fulfilled at the expense of employees, investors and society. If there were policies related to profit, without other policies being defined, profit is positioned as a boundary condition to all actions and decisions. Clearly this may not direct the organization towards its mission. How is this Demonstrated...
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...before the letter for the choice. Multiple Choice Question: 1) The view that defines quality as the goodness of a product is referred to as the _____ definition of quality. a. user-based b. transcendent (Correct) c. incidental d. imminent Multiple Choice Question: 2) The _____ perspective is based on the presumption that quality is determined by what a customer wants. a. user-based (Correct) b. value-based c. judgmental-based d. manufacturing-based Multiple Choice Question: 3) Conformance to specifications applies to which quality definition? a. User-based b. Product-based c. Manufacturing-based (Correct) d. Value-based Multiple Choice Question: 4) Which of the following is a criticism of the product-based definition of quality? a. Quality is often mistakenly assumed to be related to price. (Correct) b. Not all products are fit for use. c. Consumers frequently confuse products with services. d. Quality cannot be defined precisely; you just know it when you see it. Multiple Choice Question: 5) The _____ definition of quality is that it is a function of a specific, measurable variable and that differences in quality reflect differences in quantity of some product attribute. a. manufacturing-based b. product-based (Correct) c. value-based d. user-based Multiple Choice Question: 6) The _____ definition of quality is of little practical value to managers as it does not provide a means by which quality can be measured or assessed as a basis for decision making. a. transcendent (Correct)...
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...Determinants of Critical Success Factors of Quality Management in Higher Education Institutions in Morocco Using DELPHI method by: Youssef Loutfi Supervised by: Dr. Abderrahman Hassi Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Business Administration Al Akhawayn University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master of Business Administration Al Akhawayn University Summer 2014 iii Dedication In conducting this process, I would like mention people to whom this work is dedicated. To my parents, Habiba Hamdi and Abdessamd Loutfi, who instilled in me very young the thirst for knowledge and determination. Your values, your humility and generosity have always guided me and represent what I most admire in a human being. Here I take a special place to celebrate the sacrifices you have made to educate us and to enable us to follow our dreams. Thank you dear parents for this unique feeling of success and excellence, thank you to support me when I doubted especially you believed in this dream despite all the sacrifices it required. Thank you to believe in this project, our project. To my sister and brother, Ijlal and Ahmad Amine. Thank you for your patience and your great sense of humor. To Sofia, my treasure. My apologies for any breach of my duties. You have come to accept my frequent absences and my moods. Thank you Sofia. To Mr. Hassi Abderahman, you felt my ambition, you have believed in me and you opened the doors of knowledge. To...
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...Quality Improvement Report Quality Improvement (QI) is an organizational approach that leads to the quality of patient care and services through use of specific set of guidelines, principles, and methodology. This is so that there is assurance that quality care is provided for every patient. Principles of quality improvement focus on measurements. These measurements involve data collection used to improve the quality of care, and patient outcomes. Any good quality improvement program ensures strengthening the systems through analyzes and processes. This quality improvement discussion will review the purpose of quality management in health care industry and why it is needed. Included in this QI report will be an explanation of the differences in stakeholder definitions of quality. Also the explanation of the various roles involved with QI will be reviewed. Explaining what areas must be monitored to ensure quality improvement standards will be addressed. Furthermore, identifying roles of the various accrediting and regulatory organizations will be evaluated. Finally, this QI report will identify helpful resources and organizations that affect QI and outcomes. Purpose of Quality Management and why it’s Needed in Health Care Quality management is essential to the success of the quality improvement of the health care industry. “Management uses management and planning tools to organize the decision making process and create a hierarchy when faced with competing priorities...
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...Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition Paper MGT 449 SylviaWilkerson April 5, 2010 Quality Management must contain all aspects of the company’s operations in order for an organization to be competitive in the domestic and global market. Quality Management involve management and employees involvement of producing goods and services that continuously satisfy the needs of the customers. As well as providing employees with working environments which is healthy and enables employees to perform above and beyond. To maintain competitive in the business environment, the organization must constantly look out for the opportunities to grow as well as reduce costs. The automobile industry is a competitive organization domestically and globally. By applying the combination of quality and management Toyota Motor Corporation has been voted the most admired motor vehicle company globally by Fortune magazine in 2005 and Ford Motor Company has been recognized as one of the worlds ethical companies. Both companies has been recognized in the automobile industry for their industry quality, global care, and social responsibility. Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) is one of the global leading manufacturing companies with nearly 70 years in the market and has become the world’s third largest vehicle manufacturer with a wide range of models and high technology. Ford Motor Company have 90 plants world wide. Both automobile companies is recognized globally for their...
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...(for 2011-12) SUB : Quality Control & Quality Assurance Sub. Code: ETME – 402 Total Lecture Available: Total Teaching Weeks in Semester: weeks Total Tutorial Classes : |S.No. |TOPICS TO BE COVERED |Lecture | |FIRST TERM | | |1 |Introduction | | | |Introduction, Definitions & Need of Quality | | | |Quality Design, Quality of Conformance, Quality of Performance |1 | | |Quality Characteristic, Specification of Quality, Quality Function | | | |Cost of Quality, Value of Quality, Optimum Quality of Design |1 | | |Inspection & Types of Inspection | | | |Concept of Quality Control & Its Objectives, Inspection v/s Quality Control ...
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...RE-ENGINEERING TO TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT: AN EXAMINATION OF THE ISSUES J. Gonzalez Benito* A. R. Martinez Lorente, E.U.EE. Empresariales, Cartagena, University of Murcia, Spain. B. G. Dale, Manchester School of Management, UMIST, Manchester, UK * Corresponding author. Address: BUSINESS PROCESS RE-ENGINEERING TO TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT: AN EXAMINATION OF THE ISSUES ABSTRACT This paper examines two research questions. Firstly, is a re-engineered company a suitable platform for the subsequent application of TQM principles? Secondly, is BPR an appropriate means to transform an organisation operating along traditional lines into one which is managed using TQM principles? It is argued that these questions have been given scant attention by the academic fraternity. The analysis presented in the paper indicates that the application of BPR can provide the base for the subsequent development of TQM. KEY WORDS Business Process Re-engineering, Total Quality Management, Continuous Improvement. INTRODUCTION In response to the globalization and growing competitiveness of world markets, companies are continually looking for different management recipes to get improvements into their business operations. A wide range of new philosophies such as lean production, world-class manufacturing, Total Quality Management (TQM) and Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) have been deployed as drivers to improve competitiveness, see Lee and Oakes (1996). Total Quality Management and BPR have been...
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