...USED IN ANIMAL TESTING? Thesis statement: This paper discusses research on how animal testing brings more medical advancement and less human-based experiments and sees if there are any alternatives to the use of animals in research since it is a practice of animal cruelty. Introduction Animal Testing refers to strategies done on living creatures for reasons of exploration into fundamental science and ailments, surveying the adequacy of new drugs, and examining the human health. The processes involved in this testing, even those that are seen to have no significant effect, still cause the animals bodily as well as mental pain and suffering. Often these processes cause a great deal of distress. Some animals are re-used in the succeeding experiments while others are killed at the end of the experiment. Approximately 115 million animals are estimated to be used every year in the world for laboratory experiments (Dawkins, 2012). However, only a few countries assemble and publish the data about the use of animal in testing and research. For instance, about 90 percent of the animals are used in laboratories in the United States. This statistics excludes species, for example, mice and birds, fish, reptiles and invertebrates, thus these figures presented by the U.S, Department of Agriculture is considerably underestimated. Countries in Europe such as France, United Kingdom, and Germany are among those using animals highly in their research with over 12million animals used every year (Kadambi...
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...pick it up with bare hands. * Sweep the glass into a dustpan and place in broken glass bucket. * Be careful when pouring acid or base. * If any is spilled on hands, wash thoroughly with soap and water. Materials * * Safety glasses * Tap water * Masking tape * Precision scale * Pen/pencil & paper * Egg * Buret * Buret clamp * Retort stand * 3 Erlenmeyer flasks * 10 mL graduated cylinder * Wash bottle * Distilled water * 3 Beakers * 250 mL beaker for base * 100 mL beaker for acid * 500 mL beaker for waste * Ethanol * Phenolphthalein * Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) * Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) * Hot plate * Hot hands * Scoopula * Break the egg, and get rid of the yolk and egg whites into a large beaker. Break the egg, and get rid of the yolk and egg whites into a large beaker. Wash the shell with tap water and peel off the membranes with your fingers. Wash the shell with tap water and peel off the membranes with your fingers. Pat dry with paper towel and allow the shells to dry for a few days. Pat dry with paper towel and allow the shells to dry for a few days. Crush the shells to a fine powder with a mortar and pestle. Crush the shells to a fine powder with a mortar and pestle. Procedure—Prelab Procedure—Prelab Weigh between 0.450g and 0.550g of dried shell into each Erlenmeyer flask. Weigh between 0.450g and 0.550g of dried shell into...
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...prevent and cure childhood obesity. There are several ways each study is conducted. Throughout this paper one will learn of at least one way a study was conducted, and the results of that particular study. One will learn of the information that was collected as well as the procedure to keep the results and information private. The study that one will learn about throughout this paper on childhood obesity will give one some basic information that was used to show what areas are affected by childhood obesity and will also show one that childhood obesity not only starts at home but carries over into the school life of a child. The data collected in the study of childhood obesity was collected by the use of the telephone; this method is called survey research. This type of research was appropriate for the study because it reached more subjects for the research, and the questions asked in the survey were specific. Since there are many people who believe that childhood obesity is not a real or serious problem, the survey did not require millions of dollars to conduct making the survey important at the same time reducing the amount of funds required to conduct this survey. Also, this survey and research done on childhood obesity did not require children to be seen by a physician or to be studied like guinea pigs and being poked by needles or stressed by questions. This research allowed parents to answer simple questions about the children in their home. By using the...
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...used for Research During the past ten years, a major controversy over the use of animals in biomedical and behavioral research has arisen. The debate about using animals for medical testing has been ongoing for years. The struggle is usually between animal rights activists and scientist. I believe that animal testing is imperative to the progression of medical cures, procedures and drugs. Scientists have been solving medical problems, developing new techniques and treatments, and curing diseases by using animals in biomedical research. Animal rights advocates believe that animals should not be exploited by humans, and that animals have the same rights as humans. Anti-vivisectionists oppose the use of animals in medical research. They believe that medical researchers are cruel and inhumane. Animal Welfare does not oppose all use of animals in research. They oppose inhumane and unnecessary use of animals and fight to eliminate pain and suffering of animals. On the Contrary, scientists argue that animal research is necessary because it helps them develop medications, vaccines, or new procedures to treat or prevent diseases for both humans and animals. Most research projects either do not involve pain or the pain is alleviated with analgesic or anesthetic drugs. They understand that pain causes stress for the animals, and this stress can seriously affect the results of the study. With all these controversies about this issue, why are animals necessary in research? Because...
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...Prisoners of Henrietta Lacks, and the Value of Their Fate Inquiry Question: How does Rebecca Skloot’s depiction of prisoner experiments and research change the way we think about how early medical developments were first brought to life, and who really took the risks we should credit for them? Hypothesis/Working Thesis: Considering the reduced liabilities, rights, and public outreach of prisoners in the past, using prisoners as test rats was viewed as highly unethical and forceful by many. Skloot, Rebecca. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. New York: Crown Publishers, 2010. Print. In the Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Rebecca Skloot not only argues her point, but also does a great job at informing and teaching her readers the vast risks prisoners were susceptible to while being used by doctors as human guinea pigs. Skloot makes many references to different potentially deadly diseases that were injected into prisoners for further research. The public’s opinion on this happening was shocking; many thinking it was highly unethical and forceful of the doctors. Skloot makes claims about how prisoners were viewed as vulnerable inmates who were unable to give informed consent. Regardless of how the treatment was viewed, prisons and doctors did what they wanted to do in those days ranging from diseases, to chemical warfare agents, to deterring how X-raying testicles affected sperm count (Skloot 129). Throughout her study of how HeLa cells have expanded, and where they...
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...“What’s that?” you wonder as you look out your window. A small group of people is gathered on the sidewalk at the end of the wisteria gardens in front of the main headquarters of Procter & Gamble. If you squint, you can see they’re holding signs, but the only text you can make out is the word “PETA” in big letters across the bottom. “Just great,” you think to yourself. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, the animal-rights group more commonly know by the acronym PETA, raises more than $25 million a year from its 1.6 million members and supporters. PETA not only campaigns for animal rights but also funds less known animal-rights groups to engage in activism. PETA is extremely adept at organizing public campaigns and mobilizing the public to boycott companies. Its public-relations tactics include celebrity endorsements, traveling displays of animal abuse, and creative on-site demonstrations. Even large international companies like McDonald’s, Burger King, and KFC have bowed to pressure from PETA. In response to aggressive campaigns, all three have issued strict humane animal handling guidelines to suppliers of beef, pork, and chicken and enforce those standards with unannounced audits of production farms and processing plants. PETA has been known to use pretty crude tactics. In one instance, a viral ad featuring scantily clad women with cow udders instead of breasts was distributed in the UK as part of a campaign against milk drinking and production. PETA had hoped...
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...Animal testing research paper Throughout history animals have been unfairly tested on. As early as 384 Bc animal testing has occurred (Hajar). In 1980 Henry Spira, an animal rights activist, took an ad out in the New York Times with the slogan “How many rabbits does Revlon blind for beauty's sake?” That is what started the campaign to stop animal testing. Animals are tested on to make products such as shampoo, makeup, and sunscreen. When you test on animals 50% of the animals that get tested die during the study. The ones who survive are later killed. The main animals that are tested on are monkeys, rats, mice, lizards, guinea pigs and baboons but are not limited to those animals. Animal testing should be banned because it is unnecessary and cruel to animals. Different procedures are done to animals that are painful and would be considered animal abuse in any other situation. To test products and chemicals on animals there are many procedures that are done. One procedure is vivisection, which is the act of cutting or experimenting with live animals or putting harsh chemicals on the animals. Another procedure that is done is a Draize test. A Draize test involves dripping substances in rabbit or other animals eyes causing pain and in serious cases blindness. These procedures should be stopped because it is hurting live creatures and is cruel to...
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...Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Rohan Lalani Sociology 1301-304 San Jacinto College Professor Ann Reynoso Semester- Fall 2017 10/5/2017 This research article is about the experiment initiated by the U.S public health services in 1932 in Macon county, Alabama. The experiment was to determine the natural course of untreated, latent syphilis in black males. The test included 400 syphilitic men, and in addition 200 uninfected men who filled in as controls. The main distributed report of the investigation showed up in 1936 with resulting papers issued each four to six years, through the 1960s. At the point when penicillin turned out to be generally accessible by the mid-1950s as the favored treatment for syphilis,...
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...desperation, that’s when it isn’t so great anymore. As Frances Cheng wrote and quoted in his article for PETA, “Almost 20 years ago, former National Cancer Institute Director Richard Klausner stated ‘We have cured mice of cancer for decades – and it simply didn’t work in humans.” This implies that testing was done on mice multiple times with various researchers and results that worked for mice, even past the time when it was proven that the cures for mice didn’t work for humans. Repeating tests a million times won’t give different results, in fact, it will probably lower the moral of any research facility that is continuing to perform tests that have had negative results and continue to show negative results. Tests are expensive for multiple reasons; bills for the researcher, the equipment, the technicians, the lab, the paperwork, the interns, the animals themselves, the proper papers that allow experiments to happen; all of these things have to be payed for. When there are known results from multiple sources, paying for the tests is redundant in some form, as well as wasteful and unnecessary, for the animals and for humans. If there is going to be animal testing, at least let it be tests that have not been...
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...Writing English for Speakers of Other Languages You have chosen to pursue a college education, which is admirable. College classes are rarely easy, and since your native language is not English, you have extra work to do— but you are more to be admired for the extra effort. Interestingly enough, although you have an additional hurdle of writing in English, your study of the language as an English as a Second Language (ESL) learner puts you ahead of most native speakers: (1) you do not automatically learn the bad habits and slang that native speakers assume are correct, (2) you acquire an understanding of the elements of grammar that native speakers rarely bother to learn, and (3) your perspective of communication and your thought processes are different from those of native English speakers, so your writing easily can be more interesting and fresh than that of native speakers, who too often rely on clichés and old, tired phrases. Officially denied (but known by experienced students) is that good, clear writing can cover a multitude of content weaknesses—in other words, even the most austere and reserved of teachers cannot avoid being affected ever-so-slightly toward the positive if the essay he or she is reading is well written and errorless—even if the premise of the essay is that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1992 in the Pinta, the Niña, and the Andrea Doria. The Key to Good Writing in English is Simplicity but The Great Golden Doorway to Good Writing is Rewriting...
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...In May 2004, Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy News reported the death of a Russian Scientist who was doing research on Ebola virus after accidentally injecting herself with the deadly virus. The scientist was carrying out an experiment on guinea pigs infected with the virus at a laboratory in Siberia. There are many other hazards associated with performing research in laboratories, they may include: fires, explosion (with or without an accompanying fire), gas leaks, spills, power outages or release of hazardous or infectious material. It is therefore imperative that institutions develop standard safety operating procedures for personnel, and offer continuous training on the proper ways of handling materials in the laboratory. General personal safety includes not eating, drinking, smoking or applying cosmetics or chewing on pens in the laboratory. Food and drink are not stored in refrigerators or anywhere in the laboratory. Laboratory workers should also ensure that proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn at all times. PPE include; Laboratory coats which should be worn at all times inside but not outside the laboratory, footwear should be closed shoes to protect the foot from possible punctures from sharp objects or corrosive reagents. Protective eyeglasses should be used to protect from hazardous...
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...is animal experimentation and why is it important? The use of animals in scientific research has greatly contributed to the medical and educational progresses that were achieved until now. There is a long history of using animals in scientific research, along with it a debate concerning its moral and ethical justification dates back to the moment, when animals were first used. Attitudes towards testing on animals scoped from absolute acceptance to absolute rejection and this seemed to have logical explanation. Both sides had strong arguments. For instance, involving animals in research has a positive effect, resulting in increasing of human health standards. Experience obtained from working with animals helped scientists to improve their general knowledge of mechanisms of how do living organisms function. On the other hand, the remaining scientists claimed that methods used to obtain those results were not only cruel and inhumane, but the majority of them could have been done using non-animal methods. This essay will prove that animal experimentation is a necessity, having led to numerous breakthroughs, it will also provide information about animal testing and alternatives that are now used to make the use of animals less harmful. Animal experimentation refers to any type of experimental procedures carried out on living animals. Using living animals in research started long ago, in ancient times. The main aim was to satisfy the curiosity of scientists in...
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...My paper is about the significant decreasing of animals because of animal testing. Animal testing is killing animals and is unfair and inhumane. Animals don’t get the choice of whether the want to die or not and they also don’t get the choice if they want to get tested on or not. According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation, prolonged periods of physical restraint, the infliction of burns and other wounds to study the healing process, the infliction of pain to study its effects and remedies, killing by carbon dioxide asphyxiation, neck-breaking, decapitation, or other means. People are talking about how animal testing is cruel...
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...DIGITAL MEDIA 1 Over Exposure to Digital Media Can Cause Changes in the Brain Liberty University OVER EXPOSURE TO DIGITAL MEDIA 2 Abstract This paper explores lesson two, about a balanced use of educational media. The lesson states that a predominance of television viewing leads to passivism and narcissism, and that reading literature invites mental involvement and is an investment in self. This paper examines briefly the case that digital media is changing the minds of humans and that we are not absolutely sure what result this “mind change” will have on future generations. OVER EXPOSURE TO DIGITAL MEDIA 3 Over Exposure to Digital Media Can Cause Changes in the Brain As I went over lesson 2, there were several things that got my attention. One of the main points put forth in lesson 2 was that excessive television viewing is bad for a person. The reason it is bad for...
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...Ethical Treatment of Animals I. Introduction Animals have played an important role in many aspects of this world; some look upon these roles with favoritism, some with disgust. Animals give live birth and are considered different from humans by some people because of their behavior. Some animals are consumed as food by humans and other animals or trapped for their furs. Many times people get animals as pets and neglect them. Some animals are pulled out of their habitat and are used as research yet; some humans think they don't deserve any rights because they are animals. A. Thesis Statement Throughout this paper I will examples of possibilities that can be used to change the life of an animal in the food industry, as a pet and as research, we need to help them have a better life even if we are going to use them as food and pets. II. Body paragraph #1 - Topic Sentence #1 On today's factory farms, animals are crammed by the thousands into filthy, windowless sheds and confined to wire cages, gestation crates, barren dirt lots, and other cruel confinement systems. A. Supporting Evidence PETA made a investigation at Agriprocessors in 2004 revealed almost 300 instances of inhumane slaughter, in which cows' sensitive faces were shocked with electric prods, fully conscious cattle had their tracheas and esophagi ripped from their throats with meat hooks or knives, and they writhed in pools of their own blood, trying desperately to stand up for up to three minutes as...
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