...Henry wholly surrendered his power to Cardinal Wolsey. It is clear that Wolsey did have a huge responsibility within Tudor government. He played a substantial role in organising the logistics of the King’s foreign policy and his ambitions to conquer France form a financial perspective whilst h occupied the role as Lord Chancellor. Wolsey also played a significant part in Tudor law. His role as Chancellor bought Wolsey a great deal of wealth and meant he ‘held a dominant position in government and controlled the distribution of patronage’ (S5). This led to many people viewing him as an Alter Rex figure. This matter was successfully portrayed through a short poem written by John Skelton, ‘Why come ye not to court, to which court? The king’s court, or Hampton court? Hampton court is finer. Many ‘must have seemed that (the) self-indulgent king had wholly surrendered the cares of the state into the Cardinal’s hands’ (s4). The portrayal that Henry has wholly surrendered his power in government to Cardinal Wolsey...
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...and social and economic reform. Wolsey’s most important success in domestic affairs may well have been his handling of the royal finances as Lotherington states “Wolsey’s main concern was always foreign policy”. Royal finances served this main concern and to some degree Wolsey’s political survival depended more fully upon it. Royal Finances: most impressive? (x2 paras?) Credited with the invention of the parliamentary subsidy. Some credit must go to John Hales, he drafted it and was thus rewarded with a position on the bench of the exchequer. 1513-1523. Gets loans of 1522 and subsidy in 1523, but leads to fiscalism and the Amicable Grant debacle of 1525. The subsidy was a success. Wolsey has the help of John Hales, who was judge in the Court of the Exchequer. The subsidy was levied x4 times in 1513-1515 and 1523. In total it brought in > of 300,000 pounds. Success of clerical taxation also. 240,000 pounds or so. Synods 1519, 1523. For the first time under Henry the Crown was raising realistic sums through taxation. However, as Murphy points out … “its demands were increasingly resented by the propertied classes who had to pay these parliamentary taxes.” To a degree satisfies the problem of raising extra money to finance wars. The existing parliamentary taxes of fifteenths and tenths, were fixed and generated insufficient...
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...reign? In early stages of his reign James’ focus on progressive negotiation and tolerance was effective in limiting religious divisions. However, after the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ war, such tensions intensified and James’ strategies brought limited success as people’s religious opinions became polarised and people were less inclined to negotiate with him. It can be argued that James was not so successful in resolving religious problems throughout his reign although, I think that he was quite successful in doing just this as he was persistent in keeping his philosophy of peace. James was more successful in dealing with religious divisions due to his negotiation and emphatic actions towards the problems. For example with the Hampton Court Conference which was developed from the Millenary Petition, James was willing to listen from their standpoint which showed him to be much understanding of the circumstances. Even though little change was brought to the table, James was able to publish the common prayer book in 1611 which pleased many of the Puritans. Furthermore, James’ response to the Gunpowder plot was abstained in juxtaposition (in contrast) with his predecessors. This pursued a balance within the church and illustrated James’ disposition for reconciliation. Moreover, his appointments also portrayed his emphatic ways to solve religious divisions. For instance his appointment of Puritan, George Abbot as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1611 which was the most prestigious positon...
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...and 100 rooms in unique settings with upscale accommodations. 4. Budget hotel:- is the lowest category of hotel that provides the rooms and meals at cheap cost. Budget hotel offers the facilities which required to fulfilling basic requirements such as daily room service, telephone, television, air conditioning, mineral water, broadband connection, doctor on call, pick & drop facility etc. Some budget hotels also have a multi cuisine room and mini bar. 5. Business Hotels: - These hotels are the largest group of hotel types and they primarily cater to business travelers and usually located in downtown or business districts . Although Business hotels primarily serves business travelers, many tour groups, individual tourists and small conference groups find these hotels attractive. Guest amenities at business hotels may include complimentary newspapers, morning coffee, free local telephone calls , Break fast etc. 6. Casino Hotels :- Hotels with gambling facilities are called Casino Hotels .Although the food...
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...W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington could be considered the “twin towers” when it comes to black history in America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although from different generations, their attention focused on the African-American struggle for political, social and economic equality. However, they sharply disagreed on strategies for black social and economic progress; to better understand their opposing philosophies, it is helpful to also consider their radically different backgrounds, which influenced their world-views. W.E.B. Du Bois was born in Massachusetts, three years after the end of the Civil War. His great-grandfather had fought in the American Revolution and his family had been part of the community for generations. Du Bois learned of his African roots from his grandmother, and was given a sense of destiny from his mother, who raised him after his father left home. Du Bois was a brilliant young man, working as a correspondent for New York newspapers while still in high school, and, with the help of influential members of his community, went to Fisk University in Nashville. His years at Fisk changed his life – there Du Bois met sons and daughters of former slaves, who embodied the cultural and spiritual tradition that Du Bois had glimpsed as a child. He also encountered the White South, and saw how they were destroying the achievements of Reconstruction. He saw the suffering of rural blacks when he taught school during the summers...
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...How successfully did James deal with parliament during the period 1603 – 1616? * James faced many difficulties with Parliament during his reign in England. The king and parliament followed two mutually, extended exclusive views about the nature of their relationship. James believed that he owed his authority to God-given right, that the laws in his kingdom were only an extension of his royal prerogative, and that parliament was in essence a lower court to him, its laws and opinions always subject to his oversight and review; and that he was free to revise or overrule them completely whenever he wished. However, parliament believed that its rights were equal to those of the king. They also believed that in return for grants and subsidies to the crown, the king should take its views on policy formulation and execution into account. The end result of this fundamental disagreement was a series of difficult parliaments, two of which James dissolved in frustration. The first parliament brought in the idea of ‘The Great Contract’. This meant that they wanted James to give up the right to feudal dues, such as wardship and purveyance, in exchange for a fixed sum per annum to be raised in taxation. They offered him £200,000 after a lot of argument. They didn’t want to give him too much money because he wouldn’t need to call parliament. James didn’t like this idea as he thought that £200,000 wouldn’t be enough. The contract was finally sunk when James made a demand for another £200,000...
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...How successfully did James I deal with the problems he inherited James had to deal with major inherited problems such a lack of substantial income, religious divide the three main religious factions; Armenians, Catholics and Protestants, James also inherited a weak foreign policy plagued by war. James inherited from Elizabeth I both a substantial debt of around four hundred and twenty thousand pounds, a crown suffering from the effects of serous long-term under-funding, and a lack of a substantial lack of income due to selling of crown estates. It would not be right to describe James’s financial worries as a small factor in his list of his problems, however, it cannot be seen as the unsolvable problem that many people describe it to be. If one takes into account the fact that the three hundred thousand pounds that Parliament had recently voted Elizabeth had not yet been received at the time of her death, and that another hundred thousand pounds. of the money owed had been collected in the late 1590s as forced loans which nobody realistically expected the crown to repay, it could be argued that Elizabeth died leaving England in not a too bad financial situation as people normally describe. In addition, the effect of the lack of crown estates problem would not be felt in the first reign after Elizabeth’s because James also continued in the practice of selling off royal lands for quick injections of capital thus the problem of a lack of income was negated by this. However, despite...
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...Neighborhood Project Report The Town of Addison is located in an area once called Peters Colony. It was settled as early as 1846 when Preston Witt built a house on White Rock Creek. The area was not known as Addison until 1902. Addison was named after Addison Robertson, who served as the community's second postmaster from 1908-1916. With more than 170 restaurants, there is a restaurant for every 79 Addison residents. Addison is a popular location for many Dallas-area restaurants. Addison has 22 hotels, featuring a total of at least 4,000 hotel rooms and meeting facilities. Addison Airport consumes roughly half of the city's 4.4 sq mi and is the third-largest general aviation airport in the nation. Major corporate headquarters in Addison include Dresser and Mary Kay Cosmetics. Other major employers in Addison include Bank of America. Other companies based in Addison include Jani-King and Palm Harbor Homes. Martinaire has its headquarters on the property of Addison Airport. Compuware has offices in Addison. At one time CompUSA and Pizza Hut had their headquarters in Addison, Now located in Plano. Addison is located in close proximity to the headquarters of HP Enterprise Services, JC Penney, and Frito Lay in Plano. From the readings it can be assumed that Addison became incorporated as a city during the white flight phenomenon. White flight began on a large scale after the Second World War, when African-Americans began to try to establish homes in America's cities. Many of these...
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...CURRICULUM VITAE Graeme Anthony CROOK June 2013 PERSONAL DETAILS NAME CROOK Graeme Anthony PRIVATE 12 Wood Cres, One Tree Hill ADDRESS South Australia, 5114 TELEPHONE Home (08) 8280 7670 Mobile 0417 805 422 EMAIL gcrook@internode.on.net DATE OF BIRTH October 1, 1955 BIRTH PLACE Hampton Court, Middlesex, England Australian Resident since August 1964 MARITAL STATUS Married with two children, aged 24 & 18 EMPLOYMENT RECORD * July 2011 – present Research Manager – CRC for High Integrity Australian Pork (Pork CRC) * Manage a Portfolio of Research Projects in the Pig Industry to be valued at $138m over the eight year period - 2011-2019 * Manage the transition of 25 projects from previous CRC (2005-2011) * Develop and implement a Project evaluation process * Manage the Project evaluation and approval process for the four Research programs * Conduct an annual strategic review and Economic Impact assessment of portfolio * Develop, implement and manage a Web-based Research Project Portfolio Management system * Manage a project involving research infrastructure with eight organisations nationally * Manage a national benchmarking project * Develop and manage the Corporate website – www.porkcrc.com.au December 2007 – June 2011 ...
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...CONVERSATION Paper delivered at Conference on “The Limits of the Criminal Law” at Leiden University, January 23, 2008 and subsequently published in Cupido (ed), Limits of Criminal Law (Nijmegen, 2008).[1] Tom O’Malley Senior Lecturer in Law National University of Ireland Galway First, I would like to extend my warmest congratulations to the students of Leiden Law School for having organised this conference. Thanks to their vision and energy, representatives from several European countries have gathered in this historic venue to discuss some key aspects of criminal law and criminal procedure. More often than not, we think of European law solely in terms of European Union law, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights or both. Needless to say, the study of European law even in this limited sense is of the highest importance given its impact on our national legal systems and our daily lives. However, growing levels of legal and political integration now demand that we broaden our vision of European law to encompass the domestic legal systems of individual European states. Some work has already begun in this regard,[2] but it is only on rare occasions such as this that we can engage in a meaningful exchange of ideas and information on areas of common concern. Criminal justice is a most appropriate and worthy topic with which to begin. In times past, sentencing would not have featured very prominently at a conference of this kind. Back in 1965 when...
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...2007 Pearson Education Case: Amber Inn & Suites, Inc.* *This case was prepared by Professor Roger A. Kerin of the Edwin L. Cox School of Business, Southern Methodist University, as a basis for class discussion and is not designed to illustrate effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. All names and the company data have been disguised. Copyright © 2005 by Roger A. Kerin. No part of this case may be reproduced without written permission of the copyright holder. Late in the afternoon on April 4, 2005, Kelly Elizabeth, Senior Vice-President of Sales and Marketing at Amber Inn & Suites, Inc., met with Catherine Grace, Vice-President of Advertising. The impromptu meeting followed a day-long senior vice president conference with Joseph James, the company’s new president and chief executive officer. Mr. James, a seasoned hotel financial executive with 40 years of hotel management experience, was appointed the previous week following the sudden resignation of his predecessor. The charge given each of the company’s four senior vice-presidents was to prepare a one-hour presentation that described (1) his or her initiatives, expenditures, and outcomes for each of the past two fiscal years, and (2) planned initiatives and budgetary needs for fiscal 2006, beginning June 1, 2005. Mr. James also requested that each presentation provide the motivation for initiatives and expenditures so he could familiarize himself with company operations. Presentations would be made...
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...Unit I - The Uneasy Constitutional Location of Agencies in the Executive Branch Unit One in a nutshell: Types of Agencies: - Departments - Independent (article I courts) - Other (mistretta, sentencing guideline commission, etc.) Presidential power - Removal (Meyers, Humphreys) Separation of powers - Mistretta at pg. 19 Non-delegation - J.W. Hampton, Mistretta at 15. APA design; three functions of agencies: 1. make rules 2. adjudicate 3. gather information There are not very many legal issues with information gathering, so the class will not focus on it. Rule making and adjudication is done formally and informally | |Rule Making |Adjudication | |Formal |§ 553 |§ 554 | |Informal |§ 553 |§ 554 | Rulemaking = making little laws. Same effect as anything congress passes. Adjudication = making an order Introduction to Administrative Law - F&S pp. 1-22 The Administrative Procedure Act - Act, Chart and Sample Rule The Grouper Handout and the APA §553 §553 doesn’t say where the rule comes from (i.e. employee of the U.S. or anything), but does say publish in the federal register. §553(b) §553(b)(1) - time/place/etc/nature. The grouper rule - March 4, 1992, to the mailroom, by mail = time, place, nature. Does this constitute...
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...A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO THE SIGNET CLASSIC EDITION OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON’S UP FROM SLAVERY By VIRGINIA L. SHEPHARD, Ph.D., Florida State University S E R I E S E D I T O R S : W. GEIGER ELLIS, ED.D., ARTHEA J. S. REED, PH.D., UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, EMERITUS and UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, RETIRED A Teacher’s Guide to the Signet Classic Edition of Booker T. Washington’s Up from Slavery 2 INTRODUCTION Booker T. Washington’s commanding presence and oratory deeply moved his contemporaries. His writings continue to influence readers today. Although Washington claimed his autobiography was “a simple, straightforward story, with no attempt at embellishment,” readers for nearly a century have found it richly rewarding. Today, Up From Slavery appeals to a wide audience from early adolescence through adulthood. More important, however, is the inspiration his story of hard work and positive goals gives to all readers. His life is an example providing hope to all. The complexity and contradictions of his life make his autobiography intellectually intriguing for advanced readers. To some he was known as the Sage of Tuskegee or the Black Moses. One of his prominent biographers, Louis R. Harlan, called him the “Wizard of the Tuskegee Machine.” Others acknowledged him to be a complicated person and public figure. Students of American social and political history have come to see that Washington lived a double life. Publicly he appeased the white establishment...
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...The Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee exhibited a classic parent child relationship. The baby is born, you do your best to shape their minds and show them good v evil; then it happens one day that they grow up and the ideas, once known as the wisdoms of mom and dad, are suddenly reshaped by the environment surrounding them. The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. along with other ministers and civil rights leaders founded the SCLC, whereas African American college students with the support of and a small donation from the SCLC founded the SNCC. Thus the idea that the SCLC the parent of the civil rights movement whilst the SNCC was looked at as the youth movement for the cause. For a time, the two organizations shared the same philosophies of especially with respect to the overall mission of both the SCLC and SNCC which was to redeem “the soul of America” through non-violence. Though sharing a common purpose, the two groups operated very differently which would perhaps play a role in the ideology which would later come from the SNCC. The SCLC operated as an umbrella organization of affiliates. Rather than seek individual members, it coordinated with the activities of local organizations like the Montgomery Improvement Association and the Nashville Christian Leadership Council. ‘‘The life-blood of SCLC movements,’’ as described in one of its pamphlets, ‘‘is in the masses of people who are involved—members of SCLC and its...
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...Public Relations Review 34 (2008) 399–402 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Public Relations Review Short communication Issues management and inoculation: Tylenol’s responsible dosing advertising Shari R. Veil ∗ , Michael L. Kent 1 Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Oklahoma, 395 West Lindsey, Norman, OK 73019, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Issues management developed as a long-term process interested in the continued health and success of organizations. This essay presents a contemporary issues management case that uses inoculation and a priori solutions as issues management tactics. The case study involving Johnson & Johnson’s responsible dosing campaign demonstrates that organizations perceived to have a high standard of corporate social responsibility are not above using deceptive tactics to protect their brand. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 29 April 2008 Received in revised form 11 July 2008 Accepted 28 August 2008 Keywords: Issues management Corporate social responsibility Inoculation Crisis communication Public relations practitioners increasingly need to serve as ethical counselors to the dominant coalition (Health, 1994) and as the ethical conscience of the organization (Ryan & Martinson, 1983; Wright, 1996). Despite the role of issues management in guiding ethical decision making (Bowen, 2005), some communication campaigns have suspended...
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