...philosophers is Hannah Arendt. Most of Hannah Arendt’s thoughts apply to totalitarianism, revolution, the nature of freedom and the faculties of thought and judgement. The power and innovative thought process is noticeable in many of her works, for example The origins of Totalitarianism, The Human Condition, On Revolution, The Life of the Mind, and a variety of her other essays. The majority of these works focused on important political events and crisis which of the time, trying to identify the meaning, historical importance and affects on the moral and political judgement of people. (D’Entreves, M. 2006) Hannah Arendt, was born on October 14, 1906, in Hanover, Germany. Born to Paul and Martha (Cohn) Arendt, she was the only child. Arendt was raised in Konigsberg by her jewish father and mother, later moving to Berlin. At the age of seven, her father Paul died due to paresis. In 1920, her mother married Martin Beerwald, whom had two of his own children Eva and Clara Beerwald , into Hannah Arendt’s home. ( Hannah Arendt - Biography.(n.d.))...
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...opposite of violence as nonviolence; to speak of nonviolent power is actually redundant. Violence can destroy power; it is utterly incapable of creating it (Arendt, 56). All too often a distinction between words such as power, strength, force, authority, and violence are not drawn. These words are rarely defined to their natural state and are commonly mistakenly used as synonyms for one another. Hannah Arendt a German political theorist finds this all too common misconception a major concern, and makes an effort to clearly distinguish between each in her work On Violence. “ Yet it is fair to presume that they refer to different properties, and their meaning should therefore be carefully assessed and examined… The correct use of these words is a question not only of logical grammar, but of historical perspective.” “To use them as synonyms not only indicates a certain deafness to linguistic meanings, which would be serious enough, but it also resulted in a kind of blindness to the realities they correspond to.”(42) The quotation at the top of the page is an excerpt from Arendt’s novel that explains the distinctions between violence and power. Arendt explains how violence and power, which are often used synonymously, are in fact opposite of one another. Power is characterized by a group’s ability to facilitate control over others. Where as violence is an action that is prompted in the hopes of gaining power. When there is power present, there is no violence, when power is up...
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...In chapter 28 of Hannah Arendt's ‘The Human Condition’, she discusses the distinctions of power and how it shapes the public realm. Entitled “Power and the Space of Appearance” Arendt also describes the significance of plurality as the modus operandi of thriving political communities by developing the consistency and yearn to break the status quo while creating a new standard in response to human improvement. Furthermore, she categorizes this as a means for Action – one of three segments on her opinion of human conditioning which she passionately identifies as Labour, Work and Action. In terms of power, it is often thought that it is a force which dictates the actions of people while disregarding the participation of the public. However as...
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...As one of the greatest and most original thinkers and political theorists of the twentieth century, Hannah Arendt's whole life may be said magnanimous, the identity of American German Jews, Heidegger's favorite pupil, experience during World War II, and the achievement in philosophy. These factors give us enough interest to find out her stories. The film "Hannah Arendt" has chosen a very important turning point in her life. The plot is about the before and after the publication about the special comment to Eickermann in “New Yorker”. The moive uses a small aspect through her life to interpret her philosophy. As the Arendt in the reality, the Arendt on the film also always carries a cigartte on her hand, especially the curl of the cigarette...
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...LK BA5/C1: PS LK - Politische Theorie und Ideengeschichte -Hannah Arendt WiSe 2010 Universität Wien Institut für Politikwissenschaft Übung 3 (Handout) Hannah Arendt (2003): Macht und Gewalt, München – Zürich, 15. Auflage, S. 36-58 Winter Semester 2010 Lv-Leiter: Matthias Falter About the Author: Hannah Arendt (October 14, 1906 – December 4, 1975) was an influential German Jewish political theorist. Arendt's work deals with the nature of power, and the subjects of politics, authority, and totalitarianism. Power and Violence: * Historically viewed, violence is not looked at as a single phenomenon. It was believed that force and power are synonymous (p. 36) * Force considered as the most blatant manifestation (form) of power. (p. 36) * In a constitutional state with parliamentary representation, the population controls the state, therefore has power. The power of the state declines as soon as it loses support of its nation. (p. 42) * Power depends on numbers and figures, whereas violence depends on numbers to only a certain extent because it depends more on the tools of violence. * Extreme case of power: All against one (p. 43) * Extreme case of violence: One against all (not possible without violent tools and instruments) (p. 43) * Reason why the keywords power, force, strength, authority and violence are used synonymous in political science is because the relevant question is “who rules...
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...5 mark questions practice What is politics? Politics, in its broadest sense, is the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live. Although politics is also an academic subject (sometimes indicated by the use of ‘Politics’ with a capital P), it is then clearly the study of this activity. Politics is thus inextricably linked to the phenomena of conflict and cooperation. On the one hand, the existence of rival opinions, different wants, competing needs and opposing interests guarantees disagreement about the rules under which people live. On the other hand, people recognize that, in order to influence these rules or ensure that they are upheld, they must work with others – hence Hannah Arendt’s definition of political power as ‘acting in concert’. This is why the heart of politics is often portrayed as a process of conflict resolution, in which rival views or competing interests are reconciled with one another. However, politics in this broad sense is better thought of as a search for conflict resolution than as its achievement, as not all conflicts are, or can be, resolved. What is the difference between power and authority? Power is the ability of an individual or institution to force people to do things, whether they wish to or not. There are various forms of power, the strongest of which is coercion – the use of physical force. The most extreme cases of coercion are seen under totalitarian regimes, where execution, torture...
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...Taylor Dordick Philosophy 320.19 December 11, 2013 Final Question 3 Friedrich Nietzsche and Hannah Arendt both wrote extensively about the foundations of moral philosophy and the formation of the ethical self. Nietzsche, in “On the Genealogy of Morals”, centers his own moral philosophy on the concept of a supra moral individual, which he specifically defines in terms of someone who is effectively free and sovereign, not bound by the bourgeois “morality of custom”. Defined as acting autonomously, capable of “measuring value” and being “entitled to make promises”, such an individual gains the cherished freedom of “responsibility” which is ultimately internalized as “conscience”. Arendt, in “Responsibility and Judgment”, focuses on the notion of a moral individual who is in “harmony” with his or herself, a state of mind that is gained from independently considering and arriving at fundamental moral guidelines. Like Nietzsche, Arendt asserts that moral beliefs and decisions must stem from this sense of internal harmony and justice, as opposed to simple obedience to demands imposed from outside. However, Arendt anchors her own portrayal of moral autonomy in more Kantian terms of a categorical imperative and ultimately a sense of dignity and self respect that derives from acting with conscience. Nietzsche begins his second essay titled “‘Guilt’, ‘Bad Conscience’, and Related Matters”, with a mixture of observation and sarcastic wit, “The breeding of an animal which is entitled to...
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...Hannah Arendt on the History of the Modern Jew and its Ties to Totalitarianism German-born, Jewish philosopher Hannah Arendt made her literary debut with her book The Origins of Totalitarianism which she published in 1951 to discuss the roots of Naziism, Jewry, and totalitarianism as present in current society. Arendt’s work can still be looked at today as an analysis of how totalitarianism can come to be. Additionally, it can be used as a warning for signs of totalitarianism today and help prevent it from coming to power. Arendt claims modern Jewry, a product of the French Revolution, was followed by the development of anti semitism which led to the Holocaust and totalitarianism in Germany. Towards the end of the French Revolution in the...
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...D.H. Lawrence, a 20th century poet, used controversy as his main weapon, “Lawrence was revered for his brash controversy.” (Lawrence) His most celebrated work is his story Rocking Horse Winner, a text about gambling, greed and luck. The poem tackles subjects that are timeless, despite its creation at a time where all of these subjects were rather sever. Rocking Horse Winter is about a boy, who lives in an upper middle class family, who starts to gamble on horse races to win money for his greedy mother. Throughout Rocking Horse Winner, Lawrence toys with the ideas of greed, gambling, and luck. The first theme is greed. Rocking Horse Winter, a story about a boy trying to please his upset mother, is pivoted around the mother, despite her only being a secondary character. Paul, the young boy, is told by his angered mother that they have no luck, and no money. This drives him to physical limits when he tries to turn those things around. Once he actually achieves turning these things around, his mother isn’t happy with the money. “I’d rather have the whole thing” (1258) In the end, the mother's greed kills Paul. I believe Lawrence is trying to convey how greed is capable of...
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...Source BBC: Adolf Eichmann did not work hard or do well at school and left without any qualifications. His father, who had meanwhile started an oil-extraction business, gave him a job. Eichmann worked on the surface and in underground oil-shale tunnels before moving to an apprenticeship with an electrical engineering firm. In 1927 his father used family contacts to get him a job with another oil company. Little attention has been paid to Eichmann's work experience, but it had a significant bearing on his career in the SS. Eichmann was adept at learning practical skills on the job, under the tutelage of seniors he respected. While he continued to live at home, he ranged over Upper Austria selling oil products, locating sites for petrol stations, and setting them up. He also arranged kerosene deliveries. On Saturday he conscientiously completed his paperwork and reported to his superiors. Eichmann did well and was transferred to the Salzburg district. But by 1933 he had tired of the job and, anyway, was laid off. He had learned a lot, though: how to identify prime sites at communication junctions, how to timetable and organise deliveries, how to sell a product and persuade people to do your bidding. During his trial he pretended to be apolitical, but Eichmann came from a strongly German nationalist family. Like many Germans his father lost his wealth during the post-war economic crisis and had the embittering experience of starting all over again. He enrolled his son in the...
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...Westland families, this project examines how rural families bring balance to aspects of the three actions defined by Arendt as being essential to “the human condition”: family, work and community life. The findings reveal significant insights into how social capital is effectively reproduced in times of change. These insights are discussed in terms of their social policy implications. Fifty years ago Hannah Arendt (1958) published The Human Condition. In this work she contended that there are three types of action required to be “fully human”. The first two of these actions, engagement in family life and paid work, are necessary for human existence in contemporary society. The third action she called vita activa, or public life: a life that is actioned within jointly built civil spaces. Within these spaces we are capable of debate, we share actions and we resolve collective dilemmas (Arendt 1958). Arendt reminds us that the absence of, or over-attention to, any one aspect of the human condition is likely to be problematic. A half a century on from Arendt’s original thesis, public policy continues to debate aspects of vita activa and democratic governments still seek to engage vita activa in economically and socially productive ways. Working out the shifting balance between family life, paid work and vita activa is a crucial aspect of responding effectively to significant social change, be it local issues (such as natural disaster relief) or meeting the challenges that arise...
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...in his totalitarianism aims, we must first define what totalitarianism is. The essence of totalitarianism can be seen as a regime’s total control of the everyday life of its citizens, of its control, and more particularly of their thoughts and attitudes as well as their activities *3. A totalitarian dictatorship must have an elaborate ideology, a single mass party which is led by the ‘dictator’, a system of terror, near complete control over weapons of armed combat, control over all means of effective mass communication including the press, radio and cinema, and finally central control over the entire economy*3. While Mussolini dabbled in all of these areas he failed to execute them in an effective manner. It is interesting to note Hannah Arendt’s theories on totalitarianism, like Mussolini, she believed that the masses were a destructive force and she depicted them as entirely negative. Arendt also felt that that totalitarian propaganda can be considered as compelling for the mass, the idea of using endless repetition of a few key ideas, something which Mussolini fixated upon*4. Mussolini took his role as a...
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...ISSN 1648-2603 ● VIEŠOJI POLITIKA IR ADMINISTRAVIMAS ● 2004. Nr. 13 Accountability and Responsibility in Organizations: the Ethics of Discretion Raymond W. Cox III University of Akron Akron, Ohio, USA The article presents a comprehensive approach to the administrative discretion. The objective of the paper has been to outline a perspective and patterns of behaviour, which are helpful defining "discretion in action". Theoretical discussion on the issue has been extended towards practical implications. Author stresses, that establishing a decision-making architecture, leaders of the organization can create learning and supportive environment, which encourages appropriate and limited use of discretion. Raktažodžiai: atskaitomybė, atsakomybė, diskretiškumas, etika, korupcija, sprendimų priėmimas. Keywords: accountability, responsibility, discretion, ethics, corruption, decision making. Introduction Few aspects of Public Administration engender more controversy than the idea of discretion. For most, the attitude toward the exercise of discretion must be described as ambiguous and even ambivalent. While the necessity of the exercise of discretion is not disputed, there is little agreement on the normative foundation (Bryner, 1987) for that activity. Yet without a normative foundation, there is little basis upon which to judge the exercise of discretion. Recent literature on ethical practices in the governments of Africa has boldly asserted that discretion leads to the breakdown...
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...CRIME, PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE IN A COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT This book aims to honour the work of Professor Mirjan Damaška, Sterling Professor of Law at Yale Law School and a prominent authority for many years in the fields of comparative law, procedural law, evidence, international criminal law and Continental legal history. Professor Damaška’s work is renowned for providing new frameworks for understanding different legal traditions. To celebrate the depth and richness of his work and discuss its implications for the future, the editors have brought together an impressive range of leading scholars from different jurisdictions in the fields of comparative and international law, evidence and criminal law and procedure. Using Professor Damaška’s work as a backdrop, the essays make a substantial contribution to the development of comparative law, procedure and evidence. After an introduction by the editors and a tribute by Harold Koh, Dean of Yale Law School, the book is divided into four parts. The first part considers contemporary trends in national criminal procedure, examining cross-fertilisation and the extent to which these trends are resulting in converging practices across national jurisdictions. The second part explores the epistemological environment of rules of evidence and procedure. The third part analyses human rights standards and the phenomenon of hybridisation in transnational and international criminal law. The final part of the book assesses Professor...
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...Philosophy and Design Pieter E. Vermaas • Peter Kroes Andrew Light • Steven A. Moore Philosophy and Design From Engineering to Architecture Pieter E. Vermaas Delft University of Technology Delft the Netherlands Andrew Light University of Washington Seattle USA Peter Kroes Delft University of Technology Delft the Netherlands Steven A. Moore University of Texas Austin USA ISBN 978-1-4020-6590-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-6591-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007937486 © 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Contents List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design in Engineering and Architecture: Towards an Integrated Philosophical Understanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Kroes, Andrew Light, Steven A. Moore, and Pieter E. Vermaas Part I Engineering Design ix 1 Design, Use, and the Physical and Intentional Aspects of Technical Artifacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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