...There have been many examples in history of oppression. A clear example would be when certain societies look at women as property. There, the women are oppressed. 5. Hard Determinism vs. Compatibilism: Hard determinism is the belief that a universal cause law preplans every human action for a reason. Free will is not an option in hard determinism. Many philosophers, like Sigmund Freud, believed in hard determinism. In opposition to hard determinism was soft determinism, otherwise known as compatibilism. Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism can be compatible. Cause and freedom can affect our human actions. An example of hard determinism vs. compatibilism would be in many court cases when the verdict of the criminal sentence is decided. When criminals claim their actions were out of their control and instead of jail time they get psychiatric help. 6. Virtue for Aristotle: Aristotle believed a virtuous person would be someone with morals represented through their character traits. He also believed that virtuous people determined the morally right actions. Virtue is defined as a trait or characteristic deemed righteous and morally good. An example of a virtuous person would be an inspirational teacher. A teacher shares their wisdom and wants to better others knowledge. 7. Hypothetical vs. Categorical Imperatives for Immanuel Kant: Immanuel Kant’s theories on deontology are based of his Categorical Imperative. His Categorical imperative focuses on a law...
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...A2 Religious Studies Revision Booklet To be used alongside the textbook and your classnotes. Contents G581: Philosophy of Religion Religious Language......................................................………p.1 Religious Experience........................................................…...p.7 Miracles..................................................................…………...p.12 Nature of God............................................................………...p.16 Life and Death.........................................................…………..p.20 G582: Religious Ethics Meta-ethics...........................…………………………………….p.25 Free Will and Determinism………………………………….……p.28 Conscience.......................…………………………………….…p.32 Virtue Ethics………………………………………………………..p.36 Sexual Ethics…………………………………………………...….p.40 Environment and Business Ethics……………………………….p.44 Religious Language Introduction The problems of religious language: • If we use language univocally about God, then we are limiting him / making him like a human • If we use language equivocally about God, we cannot be sure what the word means when applied to God • Are statements about God supposed to be cognitive – if so, what evidence proves / disproves them? • Are statements about God supposed to be non-cognitive – if so, do they have any meaning? The Verification...
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...VOLUME EDITOR S. WALLER is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Montana State University Bozeman. Her areas of research are philosophy of neurology, philosophy of cognitive ethology (especially dolphins, wolves, and coyotes), and philosophy of mind, specifically the parts of the mind we disavow. SERIES EDITOR FRITZ ALLHOFF is an Assistant Professor in the Philosophy Department at Western Michigan University, as well as a Senior Research Fellow at the Australian National University’s Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics. In addition to editing the Philosophy for Everyone series, Allhoff is the volume editor or co-editor for several titles, including Wine & Philosophy (Wiley-Blackwell, 2007), Whiskey & Philosophy (with Marcus P. Adams, Wiley, 2009), and Food & Philosophy (with Dave Monroe,Wiley-Blackwell, 2007). P H I L O S O P H Y F O R E V E RYO N E Series editor: Fritz Allhoff Not so much a subject matter, philosophy is a way of thinking.Thinking not just about the Big Questions, but about little ones too.This series invites everyone to ponder things they care about, big or small, significant, serious … or just curious. Running & Philosophy: A Marathon for the Mind Edited by Michael W. Austin Wine & Philosophy: A Symposium on Thinking and Drinking Edited by Fritz Allhoff Food & Philosophy: Eat,Think and Be Merry Edited by Fritz Allhoff and Dave Monroe Beer & Philosophy: The Unexamined Beer Isn’t Worth Drinking Edited by Steven D. Hales Whiskey & Philosophy:...
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