...Hate Crimes Kelly Brynn American Intercontinental University Abstract There are several things in this world that prejudice can lead to. One of these things and something that every person should concern themselves with, are hate crimes. Though one would think that race would be the biggest if not only target, social classes are a target as well. Hate crimes are not always necessarily random or even uncontrollable acts. Crimes that are motivated by race typically happen when a racially or ethnically person begins to notice a migration of individuals without the same racial or ethnic roots. Hate crimes with social classes happen when people feel as if they are need to improve their communities by ways of getting rid of what they would call the “trash”. Prejudice continues to exist and will always exist simply because of our own human nature. Hate Crimes Hate crimes can be described as crimes that violate the civil rights of an individual or group and feed off of aggression towards the individual’s religion, race, gender, sexual orientation, creed, origin, and/or religion. Usually when one thinks about a hate crime it is assumed that it involves only those of different races. However, many places experience...
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...and resort to violence to enforce their way of thinking hate crimes happen. Hate crimes have been around for centuries and come in many different forms such as Racial, Religious, and Sexual orientation. Congress defines hate crimes as a “criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, ethnic origin, or sexual orientation”(FBI.gov). The Hate Crime Statistics act was passed by congress in 1990 and required the Attorney General to collect data “about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, sexual orientation, or ethnicity.” In 2012 the Federal Bureau of Investigations reported 5,796 hate crime incidents in the United States involving 6,718 offenses. Throughout time the punishments for hate crimes have varied and have become harsher. The punishment for hate crimes is harsher then for crimes that are not motivated by any type of bias. Most crimes are directed at an individual for no other reason then personal gain, hate crimes are directed at an entire population segment. When a crime is proven to be motivated by hate, the punishment automatically increases in severity. In order for a hate crime to receive additional punishment, the state in which the crime was committed must have rules against that specific crime. 18 U.S. Code § 249 – Hate Crime Acts, which sets forth the minimum punishments for specified hate crimes was enacted in January of 2012. The most common form...
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...Hate Crimes COM/172 August 5, 2014 Hate Crimes The term “hate crime” may seem new, given the attention it has received in the past several years, these types of offenses have been around for many years. Ever since and before the 1964 Civil Rights Act, people have been victims of crimes and perpetrators have committed those crimes against others based mainly or solely on the victim being “different” in one respect or another from the perpetrator. With many reasons why people commit crimes against other people, the burden of proof to prove a hate crime has become easier with the wording of newer laws directed at “hate crimes.” What is the main reason hate crimes are committed? Simply because of a different race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, or other minority group status as the motivation for perpetrating those crimes against people. The world is full of hate. What makes someone hate someone else enough to kill or harm another human being? Hate crimes are criminal actions intended to harm or intimidate people because of their race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, or other minority group status. They can also be referred to as bias crimes. Hate crimes have been going on in the world for a long time. Jesus was crucified by the Romans because of religious reasons they did not agree with. Was the crucifixion of Jesus the root of hate crimes going on in our society? There is no way to say what really was the actual root of hate crimes, but there are a...
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... Sadly hate crimes like this one have been increasing over time in America since 9/11. The rise of hate crimes towards Muslims is mainly caused by Islamophobia. Islamophobia is the irrational fear, discrimination, or hatred of Islam and its followers and can be rooted so deep into people's minds, many may not know they have it. Islamophobia does not just appear from nowhere, It is caused by people unwilling to...
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...against hate speech and that such laws have sometime been passed in the United States, although not nationally. I think this is because, as mentioned by Waldron, many countries consider hate laws in Europe and in other countries in which manifestations of hate are prohibited rather than tolerated in the name of free speech. I also think this because other countries in which have these hate laws, their constitutions acknowledge that basic rights, including freedom of expression, are legitimately subject to restriction. I think it isn’t consistent because many states vary in the extent to which they allow their national legislation be guided by international human-rights laws. The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education reviews the narrow definitions of exceptions for the free-speech clause of the U.S Constitution, noting that universities frequently go beyond these exceptions in their speech codes. Those narrow exceptions include: speech that incites reasonable people to immediate violence, so-called “fighting words”, harassment, true threats and intimidation, obscenity, and defamation. I think that universities go beyond these exceptions in their speech codes because of the recent events that have happened. For example, I think the Virginia Tech massacre made a lot of universities scared that something like that could happen at their university, so they started to go beyond exceptions of the free-speech clause to make sure that nothing like that would happen. Dean of...
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...A World of Hate Ever wonder what influences a hate crime? Crimes committed through acts of violence because of differences sometimes result in fatalities. It is because of one’s belief, morals, feelings and teachings that influence hate toward others. Populations such as race, sexuality and religion are targeted by hate crimes because of bias, discrimination and prejudice which encourage hate. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, hate crime is defined as any of various crimes (as assault or defacement of property) when motivated by hostility to the victim as a member of a group (as one based on color, creed, gender or sexual orientation). Diversity plays a major role when it comes to hate. Differences among each classified group (named above) are reasons why prejudice, discrimination and stereotypes take place causing ill feelings toward these groups. A person’s prejudice may lead to an act of aggression, but hate crimes are mainly caused by a feeling of being threatened by the combination of a certain group of people which the perpetrator is already prejudiced against. Bias-motivated crimes are designed to intimidate the victim and members of the victim’s community in which it leaves them feeling isolated, vulnerable, and unprotected by the law. Hate groups take advantage of economic pain and conspiracy theories. Many of those involved with these hate groups are living in neighborhoods that are decreasing economically and at the same time, demographics rapidly...
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...Hate crimes will likely continue to exist in our society based on the socio-economic factors that influence the nature of these crimes. Hate crimes have long been a problem in American society. This paper will look at some incidents of hate crimes and how they are classified. In this paper, I will also explore who the perpetrators are and how socio-economic factors affect the types of motives that are responsible for these crimes. I will also examine how the legislature chooses which prejudices they want to associate with hate crimes. In order to understand hate crimes, there are a number of factors that you must consider and understand. Primarily, you must first understand what a hate crime is and how it is classified. When considering both crime and law, hate crimes occur when a perpetrator targets a person or group because of their perceived social group. This could be racial, religious, sexually orientated or gender based. The term “hate crime” generally refers to criminal acts that are motivated by a perpetrators conscious or unconscious prejudices. While there are many different classifications of hate crimes, racist anti-black bias is the most frequently reported hate crime motivation in the United States. Of the 8,208nhate crimes reported to the FBI in 2011, 48% were race related- 70% having an anti-black bias. Hate crimes are classified based on whether the crime is motivated by the victims actual or perceived personal characteristics. It must be prove that the perpetrator...
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...Research Study #1: Victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation By: Herek, Gregory M., Cogan, Jeanine C., Gillis, J. Roy2 Universities Affiliated: University of California, Davis., University of Toronto Abstract: Using interview data from a convenience sample of 450 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults, the varieties of victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation are described. Most crimes were perpetrated in public settings by one or more strangers, but victimization also occurred in other locales, and perpetrators included neighbors, coworkers, and relatives. In deciding whether a crime was based on their sexual orientation, victims tended to rely primarily on contextual cues and perpetrators’ explicit statements. Victims’ concerns about police bias and public disclosure of their sexual orientation were important factors in deciding whether to report antigay crimes, as were beliefs about the crime’s severity and the likelihood that perpetrators would be punished. Reflection: The method used in this research study is the interview method. They collected a sample size of 450 willing volunteers (224 men: 204 gay, 20 bisexual and 226 women: 202 lesbian, 24 bisexual). They all were asked to describe their experiences with hate crimes and there was a split between people who knew for sure they were attacked by biased views and those who knew their attacker did not have any biased views against them. Many volunteers felt they were most likely...
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...about that particular group or person for example saying all white people are uncaring or stating all children are loud and obnoxious. This might fit some individuals characteristics but it would be stereotyping the whole group if stating everyone of that age or race acted or did the same things. * From Ch. 3 of Racial and Ethnic Groups, describe at least one cause of discrimination and one effect of it. There are multiple reasons why one might be discriminated against it could be there genger, race, beliefs, sexual origin, or their age. These types of reasons would used to prevent people from participing in activities with others or from getting employment. One cause of discrimination is Hate Crimes. Hate Crimes are when offenders are motivated to choose a victim because of some characteristic—for example, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or disability—and provide evidence that hatred prompted them to commit the crime. Hate crimes also are sometimes referred to as bias crimes. Because of this many effects can happen. The most prominate effect is that many innocent people...
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...Hate Crimes- Are they that common? Dr. Joseph Carrier – Multicultural Diversity In Columbia Missouri, we pride ourselves on making national news for our sports programs, academics and becoming one of the top places to live in the country. We live by a code of inclusion and acceptance and have become a liberal Mecca. However, recent events in the growing city have shown another, less attractive side to the home of the University of Missouri. With making national headlines and social media uproars, Mizzou has become a symbol for the fight against hate crimes. However, these crimes aren’t just happening in small towns and conservative states; hate crimes are everywhere. With the introduction to the internet and social media taking off like wildfire, the past twenty years that should have created progress, have created convenience. It’s now easier than ever to target and seek out individuals and to receive recognition for these crimes. Many people have heard the term, but few know its actual definition. A hate crime is defined as a criminal offense committed against persons, property, or society which is motivated, in whole or in part, by offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin according to the Missouri State Highway Patrol website. In 2007, a hate crime occurred once very hour of everyday, totaling an estimated 7,600 crimes. That is a staggering number when you think about all of those crimes being motivated by prejudice...
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...Crimes that result because of hatred or prejudice against others has been a reality for thousands of years, beginning as far back as the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (maybe even further), with the crimes committed against Native Americans by the Europeans and continuing on until today. Most of them stem off of religious and ethnic biases, especially those committed in the United States. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), however, the term Hate Crimes did not become a part of national vocabulary, specifically in the United States, until the 1980s, when emerging hate groups, like the Skinheads, began committing numerous bias-related crimes. The first recorded "Hate Crime" occurred in 1922 when the Federal Bureau of...
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...Chapter Seven: Deviance Deviance is recognized as the violation of cultural norms. Norms help guide us thought life activity. Crime is an act of violation of society formally enacted criminal law. Criminal deviance is divided into a wide range of offenses, from minor traffic violation to sexual assault to murder. In general that we would normally view nonconformity as breaking the rules, or regulation, like driving while under the influence of alcohol, stealing which is viewed as someone is negative or an bad person. On the other side we view someone that is good as a nerd that doesn’t do anything but think about computer software and programs, and someone that does a lot of volunteer work. Deviance doesn’t have to involve our actions or even choose. Some deviances action can be detached on how we all think about others and if we don’t like a certain people because of the person’s disability race, and other difference. This means that racial hate groups are performing a deviance act against other unlike racial groups. Social control is subjected to everyone in a society. Social control is an attempt to control people’s thoughts and behavior to standards of the society. Unfortunately social control has been able to control all of those murders and other people that constantly break the rules and regulation. In cases of serious deviance, however may bring action by the criminal justice system, which is a formal response by police, courts, and prison official to alleged...
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...because of their color, heritage or beliefs. Immigrants are in constant fear of being the target of a hate crime. Global News reported that “The number of police-reported hate crimes targeting Muslim-Canadians more than doubled over a three-year period.” The hate crime rate across Canada is 3.7 per 100,000 people. Ontario has the highest...
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...Racism in my 21 years. this is my take on racism in the USA from what I have seen and heard. I would like to think that racism has gone away but it is hard to tell. in 2017 we have a hired towards ieligle immigrants, mainly Mexicans who come accross the border eligible. Also possibly towards homeless people. People are concerned that elgle immigrants are taking away jobs form Americans. It is hard to think that because if you look at the jobs they take. I don't think a good portion of Americans would want the work that they are doing. Here are some of the jobs Immigrants take orchards, janitor, some trade jobs in eluding constrchon. In modertimes we may no longer have to deal with lyanching or public hangings of slaves....
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...police officers and firefighters. Arabs and Muslims living in the United States became victims of hate crimes. The anti-Muslim hate crime in the country increase really high in 2000 it was 28 and in 2001 it was 481(Kaushal, 276). After the 8 months of attacks, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has received 488 complaints of September 11th employment discrimination, of which 301 involved people fired from their jobs (Kaushal, 276). The earnings of Arabs and Muslims in America decreases but the reason was their education, and it was board-based, but in the larger areas where the hate crimes were higher earnings decrease. In Chicago police department reported 51 anti-Muslim hate crimes during September-November 2001 as compared to with only four cases during the entire year 2000 (Kaushal, 276). September 11th also affected Arabs and Muslims to move to state with lower hate crimes. Other people couldn’t tolerate so they move back to their own country. “Sept. 11 was a major rude awakening. All of a sudden our religion was hijacked by someone who flies into buildings,” said Mohamed El Filali, the outreach coordinator for the Islamic Center of Passaic County in Paterson (Hannan). Muslims who were not involved in 9/11 attack, but they were punished as much as people who were involved in it. Before 9/11 attack Muslims were not questioned about their religion and why do they were hijabs but after 9/11 they had to answer everyone question. “They don’t feel the way...
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