...What is Demography? Demography is the scientific study of human population, including its size, distribution, composition, and the factors that determine changes in its size, distribution, and composition. Objects: Dynamic VS Static Demographic Focuses 1. Size: the number of population in a given areas at a given time. 2. Distribution: population dispersion in geographic space at a given time. 3. Composition: the number of person in sex, age, and other “demographic” categories. 4. Population dynamics: birth, death, and migration. 5. Socioeconomic determinants and consequences of population change --- Population Study. Population Characteristics Population has three compositions (in terms of static): natural composition: by age and sex spatial composition: by province and by urban-rural areas social composition: by marital status, educational status, nationalities, working status, etc. Accordingly, population has three changes (in terms of dynamics): natural change: birth and death migration change: emigration and immigration social change: marriage and divorce, enrollment and drop out Population dynamics affects the population composition. Population composition can be expressed at a point of time, which was called time-point index; Population change can be expressed within duration of time, which was called period index. The Feature of Demography Demography is rarely found as an independent academic...
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...Annotated Bibliography In the essay I will argue that having a diverse heterogenic workplace has many benefits. I will be focusing on diversity in employee cultural and gender. Due to the increasingly diverse nature of Australia’s workforce, organisations will have to use strategic tactics such as successful Human Resource Planning, in order to attract, select and retain a diverse workplace. A company with employees that bring different perspectives is presented to be able in finding more efficient ways to operate and grow (Wojcik 2012). Diversity programs enhance the ability of an organisation to meet client needs, which can improve its profits (Wojcik 2012) Dwyer et.al (2001) discusses the potential benefits of gender diversity, such as novel insights, perspectives, creativity, and experience appear to foster and support expansion into new markets. Finding a similar association between racial diversity, growth, and firm performance, This insight will assist me to form an argument to why organisations should select a diverse workforce. Management teams with higher proportion of women promote more interpersonal channels of communication, employee participation in decision-making and monitor feedback and development more intensely (Melero, E 2010) Communities and consumers want to engage with and do business with organisations that reflect themselves and the current population (Lieber 2012). Attracting diverse employees to organisations has a flow on effect on the...
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...Population growth presents the Australian government with many challenges. The changes to the demography of the country will mean slower economic growth as a result of high public demand. It has been argued that population growth is advantageous however, most people would believe that overpopulation has a negative impact on the liveability of Australian cities. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that the population growth has had a negative consequences on the liveability and stability of Australian cities. In particular it will focus on the impact of population growth on the liveability and its effect on household incomes, government expenditure and safety of cities. A significant rise in housing costs as a result of population...
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...were only tiny minority of the population. In 1935 when Social Security Scheme was introduced to prevent poverty in old age elderly people accounted for only 3 to 4%of the population. Nobody suspected that in the future the developed world would face pension crisis caused by shifting demographic. Rising longevity and falling birth rates would cause a lower ratio of workers per retire,which will result in difficulty in paying for state or federal pension. Nowadays people are living longer than ever before and retirement pensions have become a problem. At present “developed countries are experiencing a dramatic and unprecedented demographic transformation” (Jackson and Howe, 2008) which may lead to pension crisis in the nearer future. This essay highlights two key problems that are causing development world aging and emphasise the importance for solution to prevent developed countries from pension crisis. The fact that developed countries are aging is a result of two fundamental trends like falling fertility and rising longevity. Falling fertility is reflected in a decrease in the number of young people. Declining birth rate is a result of changes in women`s life styles. Nowadays women in developed countries getting higher education and taking paid jobs; career comes before having babies. This means getting married later and compromising on having only one child. A declining birth rate leads to fewer young people. According to Jackson and Howe, (2008) in Britain there are more...
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...Immunization act as one of the enormous achievement of preventive health care and is a dominant factor that divides the child health demography of the developed countries from those of developing countries. Immunization protects from the several dangerous diseases so in order to prevent these kind of life threatening diseases it is important to get the child immunized on the routine basis. There is the possible risk of every vaccination and it should be informed prior to the immunization as in specific there are lot of controversies about Measles Mumps Rubella immunization leading to autism. Therefore, this research essay will focus on the issues related to conflict of autism as a side effect of measles mumps rubella vaccine. The PICO process is the method to develop a framework and answer to a clinical question using evidence based practice based on literature research. The acronym PICO stands for P (Population/patient)-this addresses the specific population. From the scenario, it can be identified that the 11month baby as the patient or population. I (Intervention) – intervention can be treatment, procedure, diagnostic test, and risk or prognostic factors. In this scenario the intervention will measles mumps rubella vaccine immunization. C (Comparison) –not to immunize O (Outcome)- is the effect of the intervention. For example, it is the risk that comes after certain comparison. Therefore, the outcome in the scenario is causes autism. Hence, the question that was developed...
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...life. We meet every day needs for nutrition, hygiene and personal care with brands that help people look good, feel good and get more out of life.” (Unilever, 2011)This statement thus identifies with the Flora brand. The flora brand is the biggest seller in the butter and margarine category and also the leader in the health category. In this essay, a critical analysis of Flora’s marketing strategy, how effective it is in terms of segmentation, competition, positioning and targeting will be made, including the strengths and weaknesses of this campaign. The Flora brand has managed to position itself in the mind of consumers as a pioneer for health in the butter and margarine category and, in so doing, has become a true heavyweight in its respective market segment. Unilever by introducing Flora has played a leading role in helping consumers choose foods that are good for their hearts. They do these through their partnership with the World Health Federation and thus help raise awareness and profile of heart disease in our country. Flora brand helps us realise the fact that heart disease is largely preventable by taking simple day-to day measures and steps towards health eating. They have used a number of education campaigns such as ‘Love your heart’; in detail, this campaign aims to bring consumers to the realisation of the dangers of some fats in our diets,...
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...Making A Global Pitch Introduction Advertising is a message designed to promote a product, a service, or an idea. It is designed to inform, influence, or persuade people. To be effective, an advertisement must first attract attention and gain a person’s interest. It may then provide reasons for buying a product and for believing the advertiser’s claims. Advertisers use a variety of techniques to create effective advertisements. They start with a basic appeal, which is the main selling point, or theme, of an advertisement. They then use certain specific techniques. The most commonly used techniques include (1) attention-getting headlines, (2) slogans, (3) testimonials, (4) product characteristics, (5) comparison of products, and (6) repetition. Task Your group, employees of the Acme Advertising Agency, has just been assigned to design a new campaign promoting one of the products of the Columbian Exchange as being the most influential to world history, affecting the largest number of people. The products are cassava, the potato, the trade in silver, the Atlantic slave trade, and sugar. To add to the mix of products, an old time favorite commodity is offered as well, silk. Your group must present its advertising campaign, its pitch for the product that your group is assigned, to company executives trying to decide which product to represent in an international advertising promotion. Your “global pitch” must include a poster-size ad and...
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...Using material from item A and elsewhere, assess the view that overconsumption is now more of a threat than overpopulation to world development The sociological study of population is called ‘demography’, sociologists believe that it is important to study demographic trends such as those associated with birth and fertility etc. such trends can produce insights into why societies experience social change, for example, overconsumption and what demographic changes have brought about this change. Sociologist Paul Ehrlich studied the figures for birth rates and death rates of developing countries and compared them with food production and malnutrition rates, he concludes that the birth rate ‘must be brought into balance with the death rate or mankind will breed itself into oblivion’. As item A states ‘the developed world consumes 5/6 of the world’s resources and each person in the developed world consumes around 20 times as much as a person in the developing world’, to understand the causes of such figures claimed in item A and the predictions made by Ehrlich, we must look at the demographic causes linked to both population and overconsumption. This essay will assess whether or not overconsumption has in fact become more of a problem than overpopulation to the world’s development and what such sociological views and perspectives support this view, focusing particularly in dependency, modernization and Malthusian views. Firstly we look at the Malthusian view of population growth...
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...in America are aging. Describe how this might affect the marketing mix for the following. (it is estimated that over 45% of the US population will be over 65 in 2030). Be sure you cover the WHOLE marketing mix – product, price, distribution and promotion for each. (12 pts) * Bally’s Health Clubs * McDonald’s * Whirlpool Corporation * Nike athletic footwear demography is an uncontrollable variable in the external environment such as age, People are directly or indirectly the basis of all markets, making population the most basic statistic in marketing. in 2012, there were approximately 75 million baby boomer,their ages range from the late-forties to the mid sixties. .Clearly, boomers and seniors are still a huge market with significant needs. Product : bally’s health clubs :since their getting old, they start care about physical problem, pay attion to work out program. as a fitness club, it could offer membership package such as fitness program , or yoga class to attract them. McDonald’s : decades ago, McDonal’s only offer unhealthy fast-food. However. nowadays, McDonal’s change their menu. they offer different menu . such as health salad , or low-fat meal. So the middle age who concern about their healthy, will consider get a meal from McDonald’s. Whirlpool Corporation: middle age control about 80 percent of personal wealth in the United States , which means , many of them had a family . they spend money on...
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...Employment generation and expansion: Abstract Creating employment is vital on many levels. Politically, employment opportunities give the population a stake in the peace process by providing young men and women with alternatives to violence. Economically, employment provides income to poor families, revives domestic demand for goods and services, and stimulates overall growth. Socially, employment promotes social healing and improves social welfare. This essay focuses on how we can create and expand employment opportunities in Nigeria in order to solve Nigeria’s security challenges. This essay starts by giving an overview of the Nigerian employment landscape since Independence, it then adapts Joachim Von Braun’s Employment generation chain to schematically explain the economic impact of employment creation, and finally it proffers solution on how Nigeria can create jobs for its population in order to live in a safer Nigeria. The Nigerian Employment Landscape Employment generation is a primary economic development goal of every industrializing nation. More jobs generally mean more economic activities, more tax revenues for the government, and less idle time. Job growth permits the expansion and improvement of public goods and services, leading to an improved quality of life and enhanced prospects for future employment growth. In addition, a vibrant job market provides an incentive for citizens to continue their education since the rewards for such are evident in better employment...
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...Global warming has now become a very captivating breathtaking topic to all human ears although the more it is talked about; the less is done to prevent it from happening .It has been described as the greatest threat facing humanity. Many agree that the earth is warming, but they are uncertain of both the causes and consequences. Nonetheless, it cannot be wholly avoided but it can be lessened by taking diverse measures. This essence of this essay is to describe what global warming is, firstly by pin pointing different definitions of global warming, articulating its causes and effects and further analyze measures to curb global warming. Secondly the essay will demonstrate further on how the knowledge of demography contributes to the understanding of global warming by giving relevant examples across the globe. Finally, the essay will draw a conclusion depending on the context. Global warming is the increase in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere caused by the greenhouse effect. Kapargam, (1999:218); defined global warming as the condition that is caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere that causes a slow but sustained increase in the global average temperature over a long period of time. According to www.WeatherQuestions.com; global warming is the gradual warming of global-average temperatures due to the slowly increasing concentrations of man-made atmospheric greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide. But global warming can alternatively refer to...
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...“Australia is a Classless Society” Discuss. It is this ideal that has in fact attracted many migrants to Australia over the course of its history. This essay will discuss some of the theories and definitions of class, then examine how they relate to Australian society, and whether Australia does indeed have a class system, arguing that in many ways, it does. It will discuss people’s perception of classes and their position in them, mobility between classes, and the impact of class on health, education and crime. It will show that there is a direct correlation between class and the level of crime, the health of an individual and the level of education attained. At its federation in 1901 the new nation of Australia was founded on principles of equality, although as Belinda Probert points out in her lecture ‘Class in 2001’, (Probert, 2001) this equality did not extend to women, Aborigines or people from non Anglo races. This egalitarian belief was founded on the notion of a fair and decent wage, an ideal proposed by Justice Higgins of the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration in 1907, when he set the first minimum weekly wage. This wage 1 was to reflect the cost of living, the amount of money required by an average person for the basic necessities of life; food and water, housing and clothing. This was called the Harvester Judgment. What is class? It is a division in society of a group of people who all have a similar social and economic status. For Karl Marx this...
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...What is the significance of Research Skills and Academic Integrity for successful study in Higher Education? Academic studies require a vast amount of research. This essay will cover the importance of research skills aspects in academic development, to avoid any misconduct and not be accused of cheating, such as plagiarism and collusion. Scholars studying in higher education must have intellectual honesty also known as academic integrity. This helps pupils on being more ready when operating as an independent thinker and help one develop skills such as referencing, citation and as you absorb information, paraphrase ideas and quote the words of other researcher in the academic environment. Business students require research skills because it provides them opportunity to develop and improve. Examples including their abilities to check significance of developing research skills; find proper date resources for use in business study and practice. Obtaining information from many sources at times is difficult; the data obtained has to be correct and collected from sources which are reliable and valid. When conducting research, information can be collected from different sources such as historic documents, artistic work or even the use of own personal gathered data by investigation or observation. Since data sourcing methods are different we can categories them by where it’s accessed from either by primary or secondary data. According to Booth et al (2008) defines “Primary data as...
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...education, which includes primary education, secondary education and higher education. The French revolutionary Danton said more than two centuries ago, "After bread, education." Education, especially elementary education, which makes people are able to read and write, is universally recognized as one of the most fundamental building blocks for human development and poverty reduction (World Bank, 2010). The development of a country can be defined to make nation grow stronger and more harmonious. It is measured with the sustaining improvement in the standard of living and the quality of citizens’ life such as income per capita (per person GDP) growing, medical security consummating, having the right to vote, et cetera. It will be argued in this essay that education is beneficial to different countries’ development in the areas of economics, society, politics and technology. Gary (1964) states that the education level of a country determines a country’s knowledge level and human capital which affect the growth of economy. More specifically, education and training of a country's workers are two major factors in determining the success of the country's economy will do. Furthermore, educated workers who are able to read and write always have more accessible way to master the latest technique and they will be more innovative to come up with many creative ways to do their job better or produce goods using less time with higher quality than those uneducated people (Ashton et al, 1999). In...
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...Are people with mental health problems at increased risk of committing violence? | Holly ButlerCCJ10January 27, 2015 | Abstract There has been significant interest in Australia and indeed the world as to whether people with a mental illness are at increased risk of violence. In particular, the diagnosing of current or even future offenders has offered a wide insight not only into mental illness as a stand-alone but to whether it is a major trigger in acts of violence. Offenders with mental illness have attracted substantial attention over the recent years, given their prevalence and poor outcomes. A number of interventions have been developed for this population (e.g., mental health courts) and they share an emphasis on one component as the foundation of the problem: mental illness. Focusing soley on psychiatric services inadequately tie in with the policy goal of reducing recidivism. The validity of mental illness being linked t criminal behavior points towards moderated arbitration techniques and the effect of mental illness on other “recidivism” is to some extent interceded by system impartiality and shame. The recognition of mental illness being tied to offenders been identified as a feasible tool to decrease the escalating level of offending amongst juveniles, and indeed has been implemented in varying forms as a diversion away from the criminal justice system. In this essay, the notion of people with mental health problems are not at increased risk of committing...
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