...AFRICA VS UNITED STATES In our world each country has a set of standards to follow in order to establish health care insurance for people in different communities. The state contributes about 40% of all the expenditures on health while the public health sector delivers 80% of the population. Many resources are concentrated in the private health sector. These resources see to the health needs of the remaining 20% of the population. Public health consumes around 11% of the government’s total budget. The way the resources are allotted, and the standard of health care delivered, varies from country to country. Although there are similarities between South Africa and the United States regarding healthcare, South Africa remains at a lower level than the United States because of funding, education, medical supplies, and equipment/ machines to complete diagnostic testing. South Africa has a private and public healthcare system. There are more than 200 private hospitals owned by different private physicians or large corporations. Private hospitals have 24,537 beds while public hospitals have 110,143, according to David Hidler of PHNP. Public health care is free to pregnant women and children under the age of six. Other patients receiving care pay on a fee for service basis. This means that the patient’s pays for only treatment received while under the physicians care. The gross inequity between the two sectors has led health ministers to threaten regulation that requires the private...
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...result of poor health care. Introduction. Africa is a third world continent meaning that all African countries are not yet fully developed and are still in the development stage. The underdevelopment makes Africa a victim of poor health care. Only a few have access to proper adequate healthcare leaving masses with poor healthcare Health conditions in Africa lag behind all other developed Eastern and Western countries and life expectancy is far less than that of developed countries (Health Poverty Action, 2015). Poverty and health worldwide are inextricably linked (Health Poverty Action, 2005). This assignment will be looking at those factors caused by poverty that lead to poor health. Poor sanitary conditions. Poor sanitary conditions in Africa have led to a lot of health problems leading to poor health conditions across the continent. In 2008, approximately sixty two percent of Africans did not have access to improved sanitation facilities such as proper toilets that separate human waste from human contact (WHO, 2008). In the rural parts of Africa, sanitary problems are particularly common especially in drought times when water is unavailable for domestic uses (Ademuluyi and Odugbesan, 2008: 812). Sanitation conditions worsen if clean water supply is low or unavailable. Many African countries suffer from this lack of clean water to use and waste disposal systems. Food shortages. Then there is food shortage in Africa which has left a lot of communities hungry...
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...South Africa Strayer University SOC 300: Sociology of Developing Countries Professor T. Taylor August 31, 2015 South Africa South Africa is located at the southern tip of Africa. It is made up of a unique demographic, and is approximately twice the size of Texas (Cia.gov, 2015). The death rate in South Africa is the highest of any country (Cia.gov, 2015). AIDS is very prevalent, with South Africa having the fourth highest rate of any country in the world (Cia.gov, 2015). Economic growth is slow, and unemployment is around 25% (Cia.gov, 2015). While the economy of South Africa is experiencing slow growth, they still use the benefits of funding from banking institutions. It is important to understand whether funding from these banking institutions, as well as the general health of the population, affects the economy and politics of the country of South Africa. The World Bank and IMF have the potential to positively impact the economy in South Africa. According to Olawale and Garwe (2010), it is essential that more small and medium enterprises (SME’s) are started in South Africa. They posit this idea due to the high unemployment rate plaguing South Africa. While the World Bank is in full support of more SME’s being opened in South Africa, South Africans fear corruption will prevent them from beginning new SME’s. On the other hand, one could draw the conclusion that loans from the World Bank and IMF are allowing the corrupt South African government to continue thriving...
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...published on 11 November 2011, is aimed at steering South Africa along a new path and will attempt to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality in the country by 2030 (National planning commission, 2011). This document has received vastly differing reviews from various sectors of society ranging from unequivocal support from big business, to downright antagonism from trade unions. What is clear from the document is that South Africa’s current trajectory is not desirable, nor is it sustainable in the long term. The NDP outlines a failing healthcare system as one of its nine “central challenges”. Debate around the world still rages around the private sectors role in delivering healthcare to the masses, especially in developing economies (Hanson et al., 2008). Universal coverage in these countries is virtually non-existent, and it will take strong collaboration between the private and public sector in South Africa in order to provide broad access to healthcare. An extension of this debate is how healthcare should be financed and whether it should be totally financed by the public or private sector (Bennett, Ellias, & Ole, 1994). This paper seeks to explore the potential use of Social Impact Bonds (“SIBs”) in the financing of healthcare projects in South Africa, as well as the potential benefits that may be achieved in mitigating widespread corruption in the country. The NDP highlights the need to analyze the current healthcare system as a whole, which includes the financial mechanisms...
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...one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The rapid spread of this virus is largely due to unprotected sex, blood transfusions, IV drug use, and mother to child. A lack of education, social economics, and access to health care are among the major factors that play a large role in this Global epidemic. Underdeveloped countries such as South Africa, Brazil, and Kenya are among some of the largest prevalence. The United States is not excluded from the list of countries facing this wide spread disease. This disease has no boundaries and affects every country. The lack of education in the subject of how the virus spreads as well as the lack of literacy in a nation is an important factor in the spread of the HIV virus. Due to the high stigmatization of people living with HIV and the world wide misunderstanding of the disease causes many people and governments to just ignore this disease. Fear of the unknown adds to the fuel and causes an ignorance or toleration to the epidemic. Many governments are working hard to add sex education programs in public schools. This will target children in underdeveloped countries like South Africa as well as developed countries such as USA and produce a more educated world. Problem with this is that, not all children have the availability to attend schools to learn about sex education,...
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...AFRICA VS UNITED STATES In our world each country has a set of standards to follow in order to establish health care insurance for people in different communities. The state contributes about 40% of all the expenditures on health while the public health sector delivers 80% of the population. Many resources are concentrated in the private health sector. These resources see to the health needs of the remaining 20% of the population. Public health consumes around 11% of the government’s total budget. The way the resources are allotted, and the standard of health care delivered, varies from country to country. Although there are similarities between South Africa and the United States regarding healthcare, South Africa remains at a lower level than the United States because of funding, education, medical supplies, and equipment/ machines to complete diagnostic testing. South Africa has a private and public healthcare system. There are more than 200 private hospitals owned by different private physicians or large corporations. Private hospitals have 24,537 beds while public hospitals have 110,143, according to David Hidler of PHNP. Public health care is free to pregnant women and children under the age of six. Other patients receiving care pay on a fee for service basis. This means that the patient’s pays for only treatment received while under the physicians care. The gross inequity between the two sectors has led health ministers to threaten regulation that requires the private...
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...GlaxoSmithKline and AIDS Drugs for Africa GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd Trimester 1 Project – Division D Prepared By (Group 4) :Nakul Agarwal Sanket Guhagarkar Tanvi Gupta Piyush Jain Saurabh Jain (D004) (D020) (D026) (D029) (D030) Table of Contents Company Overview....................................................................................................................... 1 HIV / AIDS in Africa ................................................................................................................... 1 Core interest of GSK in Africa .................................................................................................... 1 Criticism of GSK ......................................................................................................................... 1 Access to Medicine (ATM) Outlook ............................................................................................ 2 Governance .................................................................................................................................... 2 Management Structures....................................................................................................... 3 Performance Management & Incentives ............................................................................. 3 Stakeholder Engagement..................................................................................................... 4 Innovation in General Access to Medicine...
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...leadership and management are about providing direction to, and gaining commitment from, partners and staff, facilitating change and achieving better health services through efficient, creative and responsible deployment of people and other resources. While leaders set the strategic vision and mobilize the efforts towards its realization, good managers ensure effective organization and utilization of resources to achieve results and meet the aims. Public health management is really needed in Africa. For active and resourceful nursing management in Africa, competencies are vital. It is important to know the expertise of the managers on these competencies. It is also important to know if there is a gap between what managers think they know and what they really know in regards to skills. The role of public health for case management is to upkeep early identification of possible circumstances and persons under investigation (PUI) via investigation, mapping communication, awareness activities to healthcare workers and the public. Public health experts can also partake in updating the channeling of PUIs’ likely plus confirmed cases to health care facilities ideal IPC methods can be applied. Affiliated hospitals can also arrange in regard to the cases (“Public health,” 2014). There are certain features that are vital in public health management. In planning, a vision and precise planning along with evaluating throughout the association is a must. Establishing includes financing, human...
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...GLOBAL INEQUALITY Global inequalities among nations are the outcome of centuries of nations’ struggle over global supremacy, forced circumstances and mismanaged priorities by the nations themselves and world as a whole. Historically global inequality refers to the three-world model and includes "World System Theory."The three-world model assumes that the entire world was once agrarian. Most of the worlds’ work involved farming, which was the most advanced type of economic activity. Around the middle of the eighteenth century, Europe began the transition to an industrial economy. The countries of Western Europe adopted the economic policy of capitalism and coupled it with factory technology. These (and their offspring: United States, Canada, and Australia, principally) became the wealthy countries of the world and are referred as the first world countries. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Russia adopted the socialist economic model and began to industrialize. However, it was a century and a half behind Western civilization, and socialism did not turn out to be effective in a world that was geared toward capitalism. The countries that followed this model (U.S.S.R,China, Cuba, etc.) became the Second World Countries. Countries that were unaffected by the two great revolutions (Industrial Revolution in the West and Communist Revolution in the East) are today's Third World Countries, the poorest countries in the world. World System Theory postulates that the vast majority...
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...The impact of HIV & AIDS in Africa Two-thirds of all people infected with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa, although this region contains little more than 10% of the world’s population.1 AIDS has caused immense human suffering in the continent. The most obvious effect of this crisis has been illness and death, but the impact of the epidemic has certainly not been confined to the health sector; households, schools, workplaces and economies have also been badly affected. During 2008 alone, an estimated 1.4 million adults and children died as a result of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.2 Since the beginning of the epidemic more than 15 million Africans have died from AIDS.3 Although access to antiretroviral treatment is starting to lessen the toll of AIDS, fewer than half of Africans who need treatment are receiving it.4 The impact of AIDS will remain severe for many years to come. The impact on the health sector In all heavily affected countries the AIDS epidemic is adding additional pressure on the health sector. As the epidemic matures, the demand for care for those living with HIV rises, as does the toll of AIDS on health workers. In sub-Saharan Africa, the direct medical costs of AIDS (excluding antiretroviral therapy) have been estimated at about US$30 per year for every person infected, at a time when overall public health spending is less than US$10 per year for most African countries.5 The effect on hospitals [pic] Nurses working on the HIV ward at Kisiizi Hospital in Uganda ...
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...com/p0168574-summary/Country-Analysis-Report-South-Africa-In-depth-PESTLE-Insights.html Introduction The country analysis report on South Africa provides a wide array of analytical inputs to analyze the country’s performance, and the objective is to help the reader to make business decisions and prepare for the future. The report on South Africa analyzes the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) structure of South Africa. The report provides a holistic view of South Africa from historical, current and future perspective. Insightful analysis on critical current and future issues is presented through detailed SCPT (strengths, challenges, prospects and threats /risks) analysis for each of the PESTLE segments. In addition, the PESTLE segments are supplemented with relevant quantitative data to support trend analysis. The PESTLE country analysis report series provides an in-depth analysis of 50 major countries. Features and Benefits • Understanding gained from the country analysis report on South Africa can be used to plan business investments or market entry apart from a holistic view of the country. • Political section on South Africa provides inputs about the political system, key figures in the country, and governance indicators. • Economic section on South Africa outlines the economic story of the country to provide a balanced assessment on core macro-economic issues. • Social section on South Africa enables understanding of customer demographics...
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...Health Inquiry, Global Health Inequities Introduction: The Millennium Development Goals (or MDG) are a set of 8 goals set by the world’s nations in hope of reducing poverty by 2015. These 8 goals address poverty, education, equality, disease and the environment. Each goal has a targets and indicators we are aiming to achieve by 2015. The purpose of this report is to report on the history, objectives and constitution of the MDG’s and the success and effectiveness of the MDGs. History of MDGs: In the 1990’s the United Nation (UN) member states went through a historically extraordinary UN press conference process. This conference was aimed at building consensus on development priorities for the 21st century. However, at the end of the 1990’s the governments of the conference experienced conference fatigue and feared the process launched by the conferences was losing steam. In September 2000 in New York there was a large gathering of world leaders called the Millennium Summit. This was the largest gathering of world leaders in history including 189 UN member-states. At the Millennium Summit the United Nation Millennium Declaration was adopted as a result of a series of global conferences held during the 1990’s. The UN saw the Millennium Summit as an opportunity to bring back the development of priorities for the 21st century. It was at this Millennium Summit that the Millennium Declaration set in motion a global partnership and was signed by 147 heads of states....
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...HIV virus entering the bloodstream, usually by sexual intercourse or the use of contaminated needles. Africa, Asia, and Latin America have been hit the worst by the pandemic, accounting for roughly 85% to 90% of total world infections (The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa p.7). Furthermore, Africa is home to over 68 per cent (22.5 million) of people living with HIV/AIDS, and in 2005 alone, about 2 million Africans died as result of AIDS (An Empirical Analysis p.387). Although this disease affects all areas the data seems to show that Sub-Saharan Africa has been hit the worst. As discussed earlier, there are roughly 33 million Africans infected with HIV/AIDS and currently, it is the leading cause of death in Africa (The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa p.10). There are several reasons for Africa’s severe problem with the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Civil unrest, territorial wars, rape, lack of education, poverty, female status, male migration, poor health care, and nutrition all account for the spreading of the HIV/AIDS virus (The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa p.8) Research conducted by The International Monetary Fund predicts GDP growth to fall from 5.5 percent a year without AIDS to between 1.5 and 2.5 percent a year with AIDS (The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa p.2). The macroeconomic effects of HIV/AIDS have been substantial, especially in Africa, where the average marginal impact on income per capita of a 1 percent increase in the HIV prevalence rate...
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...Scott Reeves – History 122 Final Exam Stop Pulling “a LeBron James” and Stay Home The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa said, “The emigration of African professionals to the West is one of the greatest obstacles to Africa’s development.” Colonialism was a major influence on the development in Africa. Since there were so many setbacks in multiple African countries, such as Belgium in the Congo, France in West Africa, and the British in places all over the continent, it has caused countries to have trouble economically and politically. Whether or not there are greener pastures in foreign lands, the people of Africa are hurting the continent’s growth by leaving, even if they come back years later. The continent needs workers, intellectuals, and professionals to stay at home in order to help Africa develop and become industrialized. Africa has to figure out a plan to avoid pushing their own people away, since there are multiple factors that are pulling them away to distant areas. If Africa was able to have similar incentives as foreign places, fewer people would leave, and that would help Africa develop. People who leave negatively affect their own families, as well as all of the people in their homeland. Difficulty supporting those who are left behind, and the overall idea of staying united as a country, are problems that Africans face. The consequences of “brain drain” threaten to stunt the overall development of the continent. People should not be leaving...
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...With a population of 48 million, South Africa represents 10 per cent of Africa’s population and 45 per cent of the continent’s gross domestic product (GDP). Its GDP is almost as big as the rest of sub-Saharan Africa’s 47 countries combined. As the engine of growth for Africa, South Africa recently has been growing at 5 per cent annually. It is the largest economy in Africa, and is among the top-ten emerging economies. Before 1994, South Africa had been ruled by a white minority government that earned notoriety for its apartheid (racial segregation) policy. In 1986, international sanctions led many multinationals to divest their South African operations. In 1994, South Africa accomplished a peaceful transition of power, with a government of national unity led by the African National Congress (ANC) taking over power. ANC’s leader, Nelson Mandela, a Nobel peace prize laureate, served as its first post-apartheid president. Since then, South Africa has embarked on a new journey of political reconciliation and economic liberalization. Yet, doing business in South Africa has always been risky. Although the risks associated with apartheid are well known, managing risks in the postapartheid era is no less challenging. Since 1994, South Africa has introduced fundamental and comprehensive changes to its ‘rules of the game’, creating both uncertainties and opportunities. The democratically elected ANC government has adopted a Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policy...
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