...First Heart-Lung Machine was used for open heart surgery 1953: John H. Gibbon Jr. was the first successful human-heart surgery assisted by the heart-lung machine. You take the arteries and veins from the body and it oxygenates and pumps blood to the heart from a machine. The idea was to take blood out and push oxygen gas into, and send it back out, so the machine could keep feeding the body while the surgeon was doing his work. Developed mainly by using a lot of animals for their research. “John Gibbon had been moved by the death of a patient during cardiac surgery. Convinced the patient would have survived if their blood circulation had been artificially maintained, he began to investigate the possibility of building an external device that...
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...Circulatory and respiratory Blood carries all the nutrients ingested in food around our bodies, its main function is to carry oxygen around our body this is so our cells can function properly. Blood is pumped around the body by the heart which is connected to the body by lots of different vessels. Blood also collects oxygen from the lungs and delivers it to the body. Veins are tubes which form part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying mainly oxygen-depleted blood towards the heart. Arteries are the blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. Every artery is a muscular tube lined with smooth tissue and has three layers: * The intima, the inner layer lined by a smooth tissue called endothelium * The media, a layer of muscle that lets arteries handle the high pressures from the heart * The adventitia, connective tissue anchoring arteries to nearby tissues The largest artery is the aorta, the main high-pressure pipeline connected to the heart's left ventricle. The aorta branches into a network of smaller arteries that extend throughout the body. The arteries' smaller branches are called arterioles and capillaries. The pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs under low pressure, making these arteries unique. Capillary’s are extremely small blood vessel which are located within the tissues of the body, they transport blood from arteries to veins. Capillaries are most abundant in tissues...
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...Anatomy and Physiology Task 1 1. Discuss your dissection of the sheep heart and the cardiovascular system of the fetal pig by doing the following: a. Describe the similarities and differences between the fetal pig heart and the sheep heart. Differences: 1. Size 2. The left ventricular wall is thicker in the sheep than the fetal pig. Similarities: They both have 2 atria and 2 ventricles. b. Describe the four valves of the heart, including their name, location, and function. The four valves of the heart are the tricuspid valve, the pulmonic valve, the mitral valve, and the aortic valve. The tricuspid valve: It is located between the right atria and the right ventricle. It is comprised of three “flap-like cusps” which when in its closed position, prevents the deoxygenated blood entering the heart from the body, from backing up in the right atrium from the right ventricle (regurgitation). http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/tricuspid-valve The Pulmonic Valve: This valve is found between the right ventricle and the lungs. As the deoxygenated blood continues on its journey through the heart from the right ventricle, it makes its exit by way of the pulmonic valve. This structure is a one-way valve with prevents the flow of blood back into the right ventricle once it leaves the heart. http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/pulmonary-valve The mitral valve: This valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. As the now oxygenated blood flows...
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...According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, there are a variety of symptoms that can point toward a diagnosis of CF (n.d.-a). These symptoms can include a dry or productive cough, salty tasting skin, recurrent lung infections, difficulty breathing, wheezing, inability to gain weight in the presence of an adequate appetite, and difficulty with bowel movements (Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, n.d.-a). Very salty sweat is often the first sign of a problem ((National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2013c). Lung problems are probably the most well recognized and associated with cystic fibrosis (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2013c). Thick mucus builds up in the chest, not only making it difficult to breathe but also trapping bacteria (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2013c). These bacteria can lead to chronic infections and may cause permanent damage to the lungs over the years (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2013c). These infections can also be resistant to the drugs typically used to treat the infection, further complicating issues (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2013c). According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, the mucus buildup can also interfere with digestion and nutrient absorption due to the mucus buildup in the pancreas (n.d.-a). These issues can lead to further issues with pancreatitis, diabetes, liver disease, and even gallstones...
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...can cause you a different disease like; Increased heart rate and blood pressure, coronary heart Disease, arteriosclerosis, chronicbronchitis, emphysema,Asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Please, avoid smoking to have a healthy lifestyle. #3RDYEARSILVER. Using cigarette can cause you a different disease like; Increased heart rate and blood pressure, coronary heart Disease, arteriosclerosis, chronicbronchitis, emphysema,Asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Please, avoid smoking to have a healthy lifestyle. #3RDYEARSILVER. Using cigarette can cause you a disease like; Increased heart rate and blood pressure, coronary heart Disease,chronicbronchitis,emphysema,Asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Please, avoid smoking to have a healthy lifestyle. #3RDYEARSILVER. Using cigarette can cause you a different disease like; Increased heart rate and blood pressure, coronary heart Disease, arteriosclerosis, chronicbronchitis, emphysema,Asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Please, avoid smoking to have a healthy lifestyle. #3RDYEARSILVER. Using cigarette can cause you a different disease like; Increased heart rate and blood pressure, coronary heart Disease, arteriosclerosis, chronicbronchitis, emphysema,Asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Please, avoid smoking to have a healthy...
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...3 Cardiovascular The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a system of the body comprised of the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels. This system is responsible for transporting blood. As the cardiovascular system moves blood throughout the body, cells receive oxygen and nutrients. Carbon dioxide and other wastes are removed from the body as well. Carotid artery The function of this carotid artery is that it carries blood away from the heart. The arteries are made up from blood vessels and these supply blood to the head neck and brain. The artery is on each side of the neck, left and right. Each carotid artery branches into internal and external vessels near the top of the thyroid. The only important function that the carotid artery has is to carry the blood to the head, neck and brain to supply it with blood. The right hand side and left side carotid arteries both link off. The right side is known as the internal carotid artery which supplies blood to the brain and the eyes. The left side of the carotid artery supplies blood to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear and scalp. They both have different jobs where they have to supply blood too, both these jobs are important to supply the top half of our body with blood. Subclavian arteries the Subclavian arteries carry blood away from the heart. Subclavian arteries are both on the right and left side of the body. The right Subclavian artery extends from the brachiocephalic...
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...Group 3 Respiratory System * Consists of organs responsible for carrying oxygen from the air to the bloodstream and for expelling the waste product carbon dioxide. * Air passes from the nose or mouth via various respiratory passages, to millions of balloons like sacs, the alveoli in the lungs. Respiration -term for the processes by which oxygen reaches body cells and is utilized by them in metabolism bywhich carbon dioxide is eliminated. Parts of the Respiratory System * Nose-The uppermost part of the respiratory tract bearing the nostrils, the outer opening for entrance of air and the organ of smell. Functions of the Nose: * Organ of Smell * Protecting the Lungs * It is also a resonator Parts of the Nose: * Nasal Septum- is the central partition inside the nose that divides it into two cavities, the right and left passages called fossae. * Nasal Cavity- a sticky mucous membrane lines the nasal cavity and traps dust particles. * Nose Hairs- hairs at the entrance to the nose trap the large inhaled particles. * Internal Nares- posterior opening connected to the pharynx. * Facial Sinuses- these are air spaces in the bones of the skull which communicate with nasal cavities and make it lighter. * Sinusitis- the inflammation of the membrane lining the facial sinuses caused by infection. * Rhinoplasty- an operation that alters the structure of the nose to improve its appearance or to correct a deformity caused...
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...according to structure or function The cardiovascular system comnsists of blood, the heart and blood vessels which are divided into arteries, arterioles capillaries, venules and veins (Ingram, 2011). Structurally consists of two parts, the upper respiratory system and the lower respiratory system. The upper respiratory system consists of the nose, the nasal cavity, pharynx and associated structure and the lower respiratory system consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. (Tortora and Derrickson, 2012). Functionally the respiratory system consist of two zones, the conducting zone and the respiratory zone. The conducting zone consists of a series of connecting cavities and tubes and their main function is to filter warm and moisten air and filter it to the lungs and the respiratory zone consist of tubes and tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. In brief the main functions of the respiratory system is to provide for gas exchange, intake oxygen for delivery to the body cells and remove carbon dioxide produced by the body cells. It also helps regulate blood pH and contains receptors for sense of smell, filters inspired air, produce vocal sounds and excretes small amounts of water and heat. (Tortora and Derrickson, 2012). The heart is the primary organ in the cardiovascular system. It’s a pumps up to 14,000 litres of blood around the body each day.(Tortora and Derrickson, 2012). The heart is split into four chambers, two chambers which remove poorly oxygenated blood...
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...9 Science Learner’s Material Module 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Working with Other Organ Systems This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@deped.gov.ph. We valueDepartment of Education your feedback and recommendations. Republic of the Philippines Science – Grade 9 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2014 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC Undersecretary: Dina S. Ocampo, Ph.D. Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council...
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...Summary Circulatory System The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels known as arteries, capillaries and veins. The heart pumps blood throughout your body through the blood vessels. Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and carries away carbon dioxide and other waste materials. The heart looks like an upside-down pear. It is about the size of your closed fist. It is almost in the middle of your chest. The heart is made of muscle divided into four parts called chambers. The chambers are hollow inside. The two chambers on top are called atria. The chambers on the bottom are called ventricles. The heart also has four valves that let blood in and out of the chambers. The blood vessels are the arteries, veins and capillaries. Arteries are blood vessels that convey blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. Two arteries have direct connection with the heart: (1) the aorta, which, with its branches, conveys oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to every part of the body; and (2) the pulmonary artery, which conveys blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, whence it is returned bearing oxygen to the left side of the heart. The arteries expand and then constrict with each beat of the heart, a rhythmic movement that may be felt as the pulse. Veins, on the other hand, returns blood to the heart from other parts of the body. This false-color electron micrograph shows red blood cells packed into a capillary, the smallest type of blood...
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...Individual Project 5 12/22/2014 High blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs is called pulmonary hypertension. The right side of the heart has a harder time pumping blood to the lungs when this happens. Cor pulmonale is failure of the right side of the heart. ... Any chronic lung condition that causes prolonged low blood oxygen levels can lead to cor pulmonale. Pulmonary hypertension is a type of high blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs and the right side of your heart. Pulmonary hypertension begins when tiny arteries in your lungs, called pulmonary arteries, and capillaries become narrowed, blocked or destroyed. Then the blood passes into the right ventricle, which pumps the blood to the lungs. ... The oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart through the left atrium and then ... From the left side of the heart, blood is pumped through the main artery of the ... are a class of drugs that block certain hormones that can put stress on your heart. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart does not pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body's tissues. It can have a number of causes. Heart failure can develop slowly over time as the result of other conditions (such as high blood pressure and coronary artery disease) that weaken the heart. It can also occur suddenly as the result of damage to the heart muscle or an acute valve problem. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart does not pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body's tissues. Define...
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...What is the respiratory system? The respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, bronchi and lungs. Their function is to filter warm and moistened air and conduct it into the lungs. The respiratory system contributes to homeostasis (highly complex interactions to maintain balance) (Wiki) by providing for the exchange of gases, - oxygen and carbon dioxide, - between the atmospheric air, blood and tissue cells..It also helps to adjust the Ph of body fluids. Your body cells continually use oxygen (O2) for the metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules. At the same time these reactions release carbon dioxide (CO2). Because an excessive amount of co2 produces acidity that can be toxic to cells excess co2 must be eliminated quickly and efficiently (Tortora & Derrickson, 2006). What is the cardiovascular system? The heart is the primary organ of the cardiovascular system It is a beating muscle that continually pumps blood to the rest of the body. (Tortora & Derrickson 2006)Oxygenated blood, which is pumped through the body via the arteries, supplies the body's tissues with oxygen that they need to live. Blood in the arteries is under high pressure; however, which could damage the tissue, so this oxygenated blood first needs to go to the capillaries, which are very small and low-pressure blood vessels that are responsible for supplying the oxygenated blood to the tissues. . Once the capillaries have delivered their oxygen, they also absorb excess...
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...atherosclerosis — the buildup of fatty substances in the arteries — which can lead to coronary heart disease, heart attack (myocardial infarction) and stroke. Controlling or reversing atherosclerosis is an important part of preventing future heart attack or stroke You can modify or control six major independent risk factors for coronary heart disease: • • • • • • Cigarette and tobacco smoke High blood cholesterol High blood pressure Physical inactivity Overweight or obesity Diabetes Smoking by itself increases the risk of coronary heart disease. When it acts with the other factors, it greatly increases your risk from those factors, too. Smoking decreases your tolerance for physical activity and increases the tendency for blood to clot. It decreases HDL (good) cholesterol. Your risks increase greatly if you smoke and have a family history of heart disease. Smoking also creates a higher risk for peripheral artery disease and aortic aneurysm. It increases the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease after bypass surgery, too. Smoking is also an important risk factor for stroke. Inhaling cigarette smoke produces several effects that damage the cerebrovascular system. Women who take oral contraceptives and smoke increase their risk of stroke many times. Cigars and pipes aren't a "safer" alternative to cigarettes. People who smoke cigars or pipes seem to have a higher risk of death from coronary heart disease (and possibly stroke), even though their risk isn't as great as that of cigarette...
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...A baby is born with a hole between the right and left atrium. Thinking of the anatomy of the heart, what symptoms would you expect to see? How would the symptoms be different if the hole was located between the right and left ventricles? Blood from the body will enter the heart through vena cava to the right atria through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle and to the lungs. This blood is deoxygenated or it lack oxygen. In the lungs, carbon dioxide will be removed and replaced by oxygen in the process called oxygenation. Then oxygenated blood will flow out of the lungs via pulmonary vein to the left atria, to the left ventricles and to the body via Aorta. Left and right atria are separated by the septum. When there is a “hole” between right and left atrium, blood will flow from left to right atrium instead of flowing to the body. This is called atrial septal defect (ASD). According to American Heart Association (AHA), “this defect allows oxygen-rich blood to leak into the oxygen-poor blood chambers in the heart”, hence reducing oxygen circulating in the body. When there is less oxygen in the body, the patient will have the following symptoms; dizziness, shortness of breath, lung problems including pneumonia, and change in heart and lung sounds due to accumulation of blood in the heart. If there is a “hole between right and left ventricles, the blood will be flowing from left to right ventricles due to high pressure on the left ventricle compared to that of the right...
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...Each part of the human body is engineered to do a job and for each job there is a particular structure engineered to do it. Homeostasis is the control of internal conditions, be it temperature, specific blood conditions or other variables within living organisms. The term ‘Homeostasis’ was first defined by the French physiologist, Claude Bernard, in 1865.The purpose of homeostasis is to provide a consistent internal environment for set processes to occur. The body is started by a singular cell called the zycote cell, it contains all the essential factors for human development. The zycote cell subdivides into many smaller cells through the process mitosis. Cells are made up of plasma membrane which encloses organelles. Orgnelles are small organs which have individual and specialised functions and are often enclosed in their own membrane within the cell. All cells with the exception of red blood cells have a nucleus. The nucleus is thelargest organelle and contains the body’s genetic material. Most damaged and dead cells can be replaced aged cells are programmed to self destruct. Cells are thebody’s smallest functional units, grouped toether they form Body tissue. There afre four main tissues in the body, epithelium, muscle, connective and nervous tissue. * Epithelium tissue functions – protects from the outside word (skin), it absorbs (stomach and intestinal lining), filters and secretes * Muscle tissue functions – responsible for body movement, moves blood...
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