From ancient Greeks to the internet age, the medicinal properties of metals play key roles in human health, from ensuring healthy bones to helping making red blood cells. There are nearby thirty chemical elements that have their vital importance in various biochemical and physiological mechanisms in living organisms, and considered as essential elements for life.
Heavy metals have great impact on human health and even those considered as essential, can be toxic if present in excess. Generally, humans are exposed to these metals by ingestion and inhalation. The term ‘‘heavy metals’’ refers to any metallic element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous even at low concentration. ‘‘Heavy metals’’ in a general collective …show more content…
To remove toxic effect of drug, for example, scorpion and snake are burnt to remove their poison. 16, 64, 66
5. To decrease the intensity of the effect of a drug.16, 64, 65, 66, 67
6. To increase the efficacy and potency of a drug.16, 64, 66, 67
Advantages of kushtajat
1. Low dose, highly efficacious in action,33 and can be taken by the patient in diseases where the intake of large doses of medicine is not possible.
2. Use is easy as compared to other dosage forms.33
3. Some kushtajat are unparalleled as aphrodisiac.33
4. Most of the kushtajat stimulates innate heat of the body.33
5. Kushtajat are more stable than other dosage forms.33 Shelf life of kushta is believed to be infinite and they became more potent with the advent of time. The older the kushtajat the better the effect.20
6. Only dosage form in which a bio-incompatible substance is made biocompatible.33
7. Only dosage form that can be given in acute conditions.
8. It is a dosage form which induces the change in the temperament of the drug e.g. the temperament of sadaf is sard wa khushk but its kushta has temperament garm wa khushk.68
9. All the kushtajat are very potent by their actions. This property of kushtajat is used to treat severe diseases.51
General precaution to be taken during calcination …show more content…
Kushta should be prepared by an experienced person only.33
2. The drug of which kushta is to be prepared should be of best quality and it is better to purify it.33
3. The weight of the drug mentioned in the formulation should always be followed and should not be changed.33
4. If the intensity of heat used in preparation of kushta is not known then it should be experimentally determined starting from giving low intensity heat then gradually increasing the intensity of heat.33
5. The herbs used in preparation should also be of good quality and their murawwaq should be used.33
6. While preparing kushta using classical method it is advised that half of the cow dung cakes are placed first in pit then followed by drug and then it is covered with remaining half of the cow dung cakes. While preparing kushta from modern method the sample of drug should be placed in crucible and directly kept in MF.
7. The pellet of triturated dry sample should be placed in center of the crucible.
8. Recently prepared kushta should never be used especially if it is prepared form toxic drugs. If needed then the kushta should be placed under the namnaak zameen (moist land) for 3-4 days then it should be