...Final Current Trends and Issues in Operations Management Presented To Operations Management Respectfully Submitted By Introduction 3 A Brief History of Operations Management 4 Current Trends and Issues in Operations Management 6 Lean Operations (Just-in-time) 6 Shrinking Product Life Cycles 7 Employee Empowerment and Training 8 Globalization 9 Total Quality Management 9 Advances in Technology 10 Insourcing 10 Conclusion 11 References 12 Introduction Operations is the part of a business organization that is responsible for producing goods and services (Stevenson, 2012, p. 4). In this definition, goods are tangible items. Goods can be finished items that are sold to end consumers such as a chair, a car, a computer, or a house. Goods can also be the raw materials, parts, and subassemblies that comprise the finished goods described above. These raw materials are sold as well, but not to end consumers. They are sold to the producers of the finished products. Services, for the most part, are not tangible, but are activities that provide some combination of time, location, form, or psychological value (Stevenson, 2012, p. 4). Services such as the ability to place a cell phone call, electricity in a home, advice from a financial planner, traveling on an airline, receiving medical treatment, or staying in a hotel are all considered services directed at an end consumer. One definition for the word management is “the person or persons controlling...
Words: 2745 - Pages: 11
...NAIROBI Topic: Project Management Using Network Analysis Term paper for the course SMA 473: Network Analysis, Graphs and Scheduling Lecturer: Prof. Ganesh Prasad Pokhariyal. Name: munuhe allan ndungu Registration No: I09/1916/2012 Table of Contents Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………..………. 3 Chapter 1.Introduction …………………………………………………………………………. 4 1.1 Background Information ………………………………………………………….. 4 1.2 Statement of Problem ……………………………………………………………... 4 1.3 Objectives of Study ……………………………………………………………….. 5 1.4 Significance of Study ……………………………………………………………... 5 Chapter 2.Literature Review ………………………………………………………...………….. 5 2.1 Graph Theory ……………………………………………………………………. 5 2.2 Network Analysis ………………………………………………………………... 6 2.3 Project Management …………………………………………………………...... 6 2.3.1 Network Crashing ………………………………………………….. 7 2.3.2 PERT ………………………………………………………………. 7 2.3.3 CPM ………………………………………………………………...9 2.3.4 Gantt Chart …………………………………………………….........9 Chapter 3.Research Method …………………………………………………………………... 10 3.1 Research and Sample …………………………………………………………. 10 3.2 Instruments and Materials ……………………………………………………...
Words: 5317 - Pages: 22
...5. Project Planning and Feasibility Studies Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules such as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment. Initially, the project scope is defined and the appropriate methods for completing the project are determined. Following this step, the durations for the various tasks necessary to complete the work are listed and grouped into a work breakdown structure. The logical dependencies between tasks are defined using an activity network diagram that enables identification of the critical path. Float or slack time in the schedule can be calculated using project management software. Then the necessary resources can be estimated and costs for each activity can be allocated to each resource, giving the total project cost. At this stage, the project plan may be optimized to achieve the appropriate balance between resource usage and project duration to comply with the project objectives. Once established and agreed, the plan becomes what is known as the baseline. Progress will be measured against the baseline throughout the life of the project. Analyzing progress compared to the baseline is known as earned value management. The inputs of the project planning phase include the project charter and the concept proposal. The outputs of the project planning phase include the project requirements, the project schedule, and the project management plan. Feasibility studies...
Words: 4181 - Pages: 17
...2011 Project Management Term Paper Jenna Volk Production Operations Management 2011 Project Management Term Paper Jenna Volk Production Operations Management Project Management “Trying to manage a project without project management is like trying to play a football game without a game plan.” * K. Tate Project management, in the modern sense, began in the early 1950s, although it has its roots much further back in the latter years of the 19th century. The need for project management was driven by businesses that realized the benefits of organizing work around projects and the critical need to communicate and coordinate work across departments and professions. The government, military and corporate world have now adopted this practice. History In the 19th century, the rising complexities of the business world showed how project management evolved from management principles. In this country, the first large organization was the transcontinental railroad, which began construction in the early 1870s. Suddenly, business leaders found themselves faced with the intimidating task of organizing the manual labor of thousands of workers and the manufacturing and assembly of unprecedented quantities of raw material. Near the turn of the century, Frederick Taylor (1856–1915) began his detailed studies of work. He applied scientific reasoning to work by showing that labor can be analyzed and improved by focusing on its elementary parts. He applied his thinking...
Words: 2450 - Pages: 10
...A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DISPARATE SCHOOLS OF MANAGEMENT Scholars in the field of management, from the late 19th century till modern times, have come up with different perspectives on how to manage people and organizations. These gave rise to what is called ‘Management Schools of Thought’. This study looks at the Classical School of Thought in relation to modern day management, as it pertains to the built environment. Though so many years have passed since the Classical School of Thought was developed, it is widely used in modern day management as the preferred choice by many organizations in the built environment. One major area that arose from the Classical School of Thought is productivity and efficiency in the workplace [http://www.cliffnotes.com/study_guide/topicArticleId-8944,articleId-8851.html]. Managers were so much inclined to assign workers to areas that best fitted their expertise. This was in order to increase their productivity and efficiency in their various responsibilities. A facilities services provider, ISS, uses a system that effectively manages its workers and all facets of a worker’s responsibilities by placing the right people in the right positions, based on their qualifications (BOOTY, 2008). This is also evident in Faceo FM UK, according to its Chief Executive, Chris Kenneally. In his words, “Our focus has been on the sustainability of our customers and putting the right people in the right positions to deliver what the client wants, as evidenced...
Words: 1605 - Pages: 7
...efficiency and includes scientific, bureaucratic and administrative management. Bureaucratic management needs a rational set of structuring guidelines, such as rules and procedures, hierarchy, and a clear division of labor. Scientific management focuses on the "one best way" to do the job. Administrative management emphasizes the flow of information in the operation of the organization. The first management theory approach to emerge was scientific management.[1] It was introduced in an attempt to create a mental revolution in the workplace. It can be defined as the systematic study of work methods in order to improve efficiency. Frederick W. Taylor was its main contributor. Other major contributors were Frank Gilbreth, Lillian Gilbreth, and Henry Gantt. Scientific management has several major principles. 1st - it calls for the application of the scientific method to work in order to determine the best method for accomplishing each task. 2nd - scientific management suggests that workers should be scientifically selected based on their qualifications and trained to perform their jobs in the optimal manner. 3rd - scientific management advocates genuine cooperation between workers and management based on mutual self-interest. 4th - scientific management suggests that management should take complete responsibility for planning the work and that workers' primary responsibility should be implementing management's plans. Other important...
Words: 1768 - Pages: 8
...Running head: Evolution of Management Principles The Evolution of Management Principles Tim Akers American Public University 20 April 2013 ABSTRACT In this paper I will be explaining the evolution of management from the beginning of the industrial revolution to present which includes Classical School of Management, the Human Relations/ Behavioral School of Management, Theory X and Y, the Scientific Approach, Contingency Approach, and Theory Z. I will also be comparing the classical style and the present style to each other and to my current work environment. The Evolution of Management Principles The Classical school of thought began during the Industrial Revolution around 1900 and continued into the 1920s when new problems related to the factory system began to appear. Managers were unsure of how to train employees (many of them non-English speaking immigrants) or deal with increased labor dissatisfaction, so they began to test solutions. Traditional or classical management focuses on efficiency and includes scientific, bureaucratic and administrative management. Bureaucratic management needs a rational set of structuring guidelines, such as rules and procedures, hierarchy, and a clear division of labor. Scientific management focuses on the "one best way" to do the job. Administrative management emphasizes the flow of information in the operation of the organization. The first management theory approach to emerge was...
Words: 2133 - Pages: 9
...Muhammad Abu Noyeem (1101567) Research and Critical Skills in Environmental Sciences (IE 5511) Research Proposal Research Title: Regional Poverty Disparity in Bangladesh for Climate Change Author: Muhammad Abu Noyeem Abstract Whilst Bangladesh is considered one of the most climates affected and vulnerable country in the world has made commendable progress in poverty reduction. But the proportion of poverty reduction is not equal everywhere in the country, particularly the coastal regions - having vicinity to the Bay of Bengal differs from the rest of the country in terms of highest vulnerability for climatic change impacts and highest poverty levels as well. It is predicted that frequent extreme events in coastal regions are the main impediment to attain national poverty levels. This research proposal aim is to establish a relationship between climate change impacts and change in poverty disparity by comparing coastal areas with other regions in Bangladesh over the last 20 years. The study will be based on year-wise comparative data analysis regarding affected areas, damages, development activities, socio-economic variables and poverty levels since 1991 to 2011. This research hypothetically foresees that higher extreme events affect and much damage will be created higher poverty gaps and disparity in coastal areas than the other parts of the country. Keywords: climate change, poverty disparity, coastal areas, Bangladesh. Proposed Supervisor: Dr. Ariana Zeka Lecturer...
Words: 2836 - Pages: 12
...A BRIEF HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT “Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it.” —George Santayana The World of Work: Tony considers his style O n the way home from the restaurant—soon to be his restaurant, Tony thought—the news of his Whenever she visited the restaurant, she and Jerry would always end up huddled in one of the corner booths over her laptop screen or a spreadsheet printout discussing numbers—food costs, labor costs, and the figures for the latest marketing campaign to increase sales. Dawn always ended her visit by walking around and checking in with everyone to make sure they were doing okay. Since Jerry ran such a good crew, there were never any problems, but Tony wondered what Dawn’s reaction would have been if she had found any. Jerry’s style always seemed to Tony to be more about the people than the numbers. He obviously hit promotion finally started to sink in. Jerry’s promotion to regional manager didn’t give either of them a lot of time to manage the transition, so the day had been filled with a lot of information—forms, rules, regulations, guidelines, and plenty of tips and tricks from Jerry on how to cope with the unexpected. In the peace and quiet of his apartment, Tony started thinking back to his earlier days at the Taco Barn and to the many lessons he had learned from both Jerry and Dawn. They were very different in their approach to their jobs. Dawn was all about the numbers. 26 LEARNING objectives CH A P T ER ...
Words: 11545 - Pages: 47
...Schools of Management Thought SCHOOLS OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT Structure 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Objectives Introduction Historical Perspective Theory in Management Classification of Management Theories Classical Management Theory 4.5.1 Scientific Management 4.5.2 Administrative Management 4.5.3 Bureaucratic Organization 4.5.4 Criticisms on Classical Management Theory 4.6 Neo-Classical Theory 4.6.1 Human-Relations School 4.6.2 Behavioural Schools 4.7 Modem Management Theory 4.7.1 Systems Theory 4.1.2 Contingency Theory 4.7.3 Organizational Humanism 4.7.4 Management Science 4.8 Other Schools of Thoughts, Styles and Approaches 4.9 Problems and Conflicts in Management Theories 4.10 Summary 4.11 Key Words 4.12 References and Further Reading 4.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this Unit, you will be able to • know the historical development of schools of management thought; • explain what a theory in management is; • outline the classification of management theories; • describe important schools of management, their contributions and limitations; • elaborate problems and conflicting issues in management theory; and 4.1 INTRODUCTION In the preceding three units of this block you have learnt various scientific principles of management, management functions and what constitutes managerial quality and leadership as propounded by management experts. In this Unit you will have a historical perspective of management approaches or thoughts. The block in toto will set the background about various...
Words: 10432 - Pages: 42
...Schools of Management Thought SCHOOLS OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT Structure 4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Historical Perspective 4.3 Theory in Management 4.4 Classification of Management Theories 4.5 Classical Management Theory 4.5.1 Scientific Management 4.5.2 Administrative Management 4.5.3 Bureaucratic Organization 4.5.4 Criticisms on Classical Management Theory 4.6 Neo-Classical Theory 4.6.1 Human-Relations School 4.6.2 Behavioural Schools 4.7 Modem Management Theory 4.7.1 Systems Theory 4.1.2 Contingency Theory 4.7.3 Organizational Humanism 4.7.4 Management Science 4.8 Other Schools of Thoughts, Styles and Approaches 4.9 Problems and Conflicts in Management Theories 4.10 Summary 4.11 Key Words 4.12 References and Further Reading 4.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this Unit, you will be able to • know the historical development of schools of management thought; • explain what a theory in management is; • outline the classification of management theories; • describe important schools of management, their contributions and limitations; • elaborate problems and conflicting issues in management theory; and 4.1 INTRODUCTION In the preceding three units of this block you have learnt various scientific principles of management, management functions and what constitutes managerial quality and leadership as propounded by management experts. In this Unit you will have a historical perspective of management approaches or thoughts. The block in toto will set...
Words: 9513 - Pages: 39
...is the function of industry concerned in the determination of corporate policy, the co-ordination of finance, production, and distribution, the settlement of the compass of the organization, and the ultimate control of the executive. Meanwhile, management is the function in industry concerned in the execution of policy, which is within the limits set up by administration, and the employment of the organization for the particular objects set before it. Although literature on the field of business management dates back to the late nineteenth century, the study of human service management and administration is relatively recent. Most of the literature has come from the field of non-profit management such as social work, the arts, education, research, science, religion, philanthropy, and other such activities. It can be seen through some evidences of buildings from which many of them we can admire nowadays. These includes Egyptians pyramids, Colosseum, Chinese great wall, Taj Mahal, cathedrals, and many others great buildings. These buildings must have been built by a thousands of workers or slaves, which is certainly leaded by someone. Therefore, managerial activity has...
Words: 6466 - Pages: 26
...Project management From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Business administration | | * Company * Business * Conglomerate | Business organization * Joint-stock company * Limited liability company * State-owned enterprise * Privately held company | Business entity * Cooperative * Sole proprietorship * Partnership * Corporation | Corporate governance * Annual general meeting * Board of directors * Supervisory board * Advisory board | Corporate titles * Chairman * Chief executive officer (CEO) * Chief financial officer (CFO) * Chief information officer (CIO) * Chief human resources officer (CHRO) * Chief business officer (CBO) * Chief technology officer (CTO) | Economy * Commodity * Public economics * Labour economics * Development economics * International economics * Mixed economy * Planned economy * Econometrics * Environmental economics * Open economy * Market economy * Knowledge economy * Microeconomics * Macroeconomics * Economic development * Economic statistics | Corporate law * Commercial law * Constitutional documents * Contract * Corporate crime * Corporate liability * Insolvency law * International trade law * Mergers and acquisitions | Finance * Financial statement * Insurance * Factoring * Cash conversion cycle * Insider dealing * Capital budgeting * Commercial bank * Derivative * Financial statement analysis...
Words: 6480 - Pages: 26
...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you will be able to: • Understand the growing need for better project management, especially for information technology projects • Explain what a project is, provide examples of information technology projects, list various attributes of projects, and describe the triple constraint of project management • Describe project management and discuss key elements of the project management framework, including project stakeholders, the project management knowledge areas, common tools and techniques, and project success • Discuss the relationship between project, program, and portfolio management and the contributions they each make to enterprise success • Understand the role of the project manager by describing what project managers do, what skills they need, and what the career field is like for information technology project managers • Describe the project management profession, including its history, the role of professional organizations like the Project Management Institute (PMI), the importance of certification and ethics, and the advancement of project management software 2 OPENING CASE Anne Roberts, the Director of the Project Management Office for a large retail chain, stood in front of 500 people in the large corporate auditorium to explain the company’s new strategies. She was also broadcasting to thousands of other...
Words: 16882 - Pages: 68
...PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT 1. Define production: According to Elwood Butta “production is a process by which goods or services are created”. Production involves the step by step convertion of one form of material into another through chemical or mechanical process with a view to enhance the utility of the product or services. 2. Characteristics features of production system? 1. Production is an organized activity. 2. The system transforms the various inputs into useful outputs. 3. Production system does not operate in isolation from the other organizational systems. 4. There exists a feed back about the activities which is essential to control and improve system proformation. 3. Define production management: “Production management deals with the decision making related to production process of that the resulting goods and service is produced according to specifications in the amounts and at the scheduled demanded and at minimum cost” – Elwood Butta. 4. What are the difference between production management and operation management? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Production mgmt It is concerned with manufacturing Out put is tangible In this, job useless labour and more equipment There is no customer participation 1. 2. 3. 4. Operation mgmt It is concerned with services Output is intangible In this, job use more labour and less equipment Frequent customer participation What are the functions of production mgmt? 1. Production planning 2. Production control 1 3. Factory building 4. Provision...
Words: 6088 - Pages: 25
