...Energy optimization in Mobile Networks University of Greenwich MSc Wireless Mobile Communication Systems engineering By: Basel Barakat I. Part one i. Introduction A. Research Area Wireless communication industry is growing exponentially. Today there are over 5 billion people use cellular phones and it is estimated that in the next four years there will be a 7 trillion wireless devices (LI-CHUN& RANGAPILLAI, 2010).The wildly spreading smart phones require a relatively high data rate, which eventually causes more power consumption. Recent studies are trying to develop a new technique for reducing the power consumption in cellular networks and making it more environment friendly, with taking the efficient power transmitting to the user on their consideration. The first mobile network consisted of only one base station; currently there are more than 4 million base stations worldwide to satisfy the huge demand on the mobile networks. On average each base station is using about 25MWh per year, which is about 60 percent of the total power consumption of mobile network (NAHAS et al., 2012). The focus of the proposed project is to increase the energy efficiency of the mobile networks without decreasing the quality of service of the mobile networks; it is combining and improving of suggested mechanisms to improve the existing mobile networks and hopefully to be implemented on future networks. B. Problems to be addressed The main issue that faces the decreasing of...
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...Energy optimization in Mobile Networks University of Greenwich MSc Wireless Mobile Communication Systems engineering By: Basel Barakat I. Part one i. Introduction A. Research Area Wireless communication industry is growing exponentially. Today there are over 5 billion people use cellular phones and it is estimated that in the next four years there will be a 7 trillion wireless devices (LI-CHUN& RANGAPILLAI, 2010).The wildly spreading smart phones require a relatively high data rate, which eventually causes more power consumption. Recent studies are trying to develop a new technique for reducing the power consumption in cellular networks and making it more environment friendly, with taking the efficient power transmitting to the user on their consideration. The first mobile network consisted of only one base station; currently there are more than 4 million base stations worldwide to satisfy the huge demand on the mobile networks. On average each base station is using about 25MWh per year, which is about 60 percent of the total power consumption of mobile network (NAHAS et al., 2012). The focus of the proposed project is to increase the energy efficiency of the mobile networks without decreasing the quality of service of the mobile networks; it is combining and improving of suggested mechanisms to improve the existing mobile networks and hopefully to be implemented on future networks. B. Problems to be addressed The main issue that faces the decreasing of...
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...The Future of the Internet A Compendium of European Projects on ICT Research Supported by the EU 7th Framework Programme for RTD European Commission I nform ati on S oc i et y and M ed ia Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union New freephone number * 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00800 numbers or these calls may be billed. In certain cases, these calls may be chargeable from telephone boxes or hotels. «The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the European Commission or any of its officials» A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://www.europa.eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. ISBN 978-92-79-08008-1 © European Communities, 2008 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON CHLORE FREE PAPER The Future of the Internet A Compendium of European Projects on ICT Research Supported by the EU 7th Framework Programme for RTD European Commission I nform ati on S oc i et y and M ed ia ••• 2 Preface 5 priorities identified by the Internet Governance Forum: openness, security, access, diversity and critical Internet resources. The use of the Internet in public policies will considerably grow in areas such as education, culture, health and e-government...
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...“Discuss the contribution of Actor-Network Theory to our understanding of management accounting and control in organisations that have adopted ERPS technologies.” Over the past decade, management accounting has seen an extraordinary rise in technology driven innovations, whereby Hyvonen (2008) explains how this has contributed to the emergence of virtual organisations. The power of ICT plays a pivotal role in many organisations, through providing a basis for managing efficient operations and formulating corporate strategy. Moreover, Bhimani et al (2008) explains how ICT provides the opportunity to alleviate the problems associated with information flows in organisations with fragmented information systems. In practice, Hyvonen (2008) notes that the centralised control of large organisations requires ICT systems that make the periphery visible to the centre. The enterprise wide resource planning system (ERP System) is an example of an ICT system which coordinates all the resources, activities and corporate information of an organisation into one central database that collects data and feeds it into multiple applications that support all business activities of an organisation. Furthermore, it has been suggested that such systems facilitate unprecedented levels of organisational integration (Dechow and Mouritsen, 2005) and thus ERP systems have provided a new platform for organisations to thrive and develop a competitive advantage. Actor-Network Theory is a constructivist and distinctive...
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...young adults involved in substance abuse. The main aim of this research is to address the challenge and opportunities regarding group treatment of adolescent involved in substance abuse. Evidence has been accumulating in support for the efficacy of diverse forms of group therapy that have been utilized with adolescents. It has been argued however, that aggregation of youths who display problem behavior into group interventions may, under some conditions, produce iatrogenic effects on all participants. This assertion known also as “deviancy training”...
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...Traffic monitoring and analysis in 3G networks: lessons learned from the METAWIN project F. Ricciato, P. Svoboda, J. Motz, W. Fleischer, M. Sedlak, M. Karner, R. Pilz, P. Romirer-Maierhofer, E. Hasenleithner, W. Jager, P. Kruger, F. Vacirca, M. Rupp ¨ ¨ A 3G network is a magnificently complex object embedded in a highly heterogeneous and ever-changing usage environment. It combines the functional complexity of the wireless cellular paradigm with the protocol dynamics of TCP=IP networks. Understanding such an environment is more urgent and at the same time more difficult than for legacy 2G networks. Continuous traffic monitoring by means of an advanced system, coupled with routine expert-driven traffic analysis, provides an in-depth understanding of the status and performances of the network as well as of the statistical behaviour of the user population. Such knowledge allows for a better engineering and operation practice of the whole network, and specifically the early detection of hidden risks and emerging troubles. Furthermore, the exploitation of certain TCP=IP dynamic behaviour, particularly the TCP control-loop, coupled with information extracted from the 3GPP layers, provides a cost-effective means to monitor the status of the whole network without requiring access to all network elements. In this article the main lessons are summarized learned from a two-year research activity on traffic monitoring and analysis on top of an operational 3G network. Keywords: traffic monitoring; traffic...
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...Downloaded By: [Schmelich, Volker] At: 10:58 11 March 2010 Focus THEME COMPETITIVESTRATEGY FOR ELECTRONIC COMMERCE In many respects, Korean economy has been coordinated by the visible hand of the government. The world economy is becoming a borderless one, which directly affects the Korean economy driving it into an open economy. The rising cost of production factors, wage rates, interest rates, and land costs stalls economic growth. Both internal and external economic environment casts doubt over the prospects of the Korean economy. Both public and private sectors are looking for ways to maintain their competitive edge by improving economic efficiency, and one of those efforts is the use of IT. They are making an utmost effort to build the information-communication infrastructure, and promoting EC to explore new business opportunities. Various efforts are being made to facilitate the diffusion of the EC in Korea. The diffusion of proprietary EC within a conglomerate may be made quickly with little trouble. The IOS or EC within a conglomerate is highly likely to be a closed one, which is not unusual among Korean conglomerates. This may result in a situation that goes against global technological future: an open EC system. Korean corporates have recently devoted a vast amount of effort to business process reengineering using IT to improve efficiency. In contrasts, SMEs lack appropriate IT skills requirrd for such innovative movements. This may result...
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...DEFINING THE FIELD OF RESEARCH IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP CHIRSTIAN BRUYAT ´ Universite de Grenoble, Grenoble, France ´ PIERRE-ANDRE JULIEN ` ` ´ ´ Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres, ` Tros-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada Although the field of entrepreneurship is recognized as being of fundamental importance for our economy, and although many researchers throughout the world have turned their attention to it, there is, as yet, no agreement as to the research object in this scientific field. Empirical research has described the phenomenon from different standpoints. It has also shown that the phenomenon is much more complex and heterogeneous than was thought in the 1980s. However, to advance knowledge and produce tools that are useful in practice, it has become necessary to establish theories that will generate more productive empirical research. Some effort at definition is therefore needed. The definition proposed here takes a constructivist stance, and is at the service of a research project— that of understanding or forecasting the entrepreneurial act and its success or failure, and defining more accurately the environmental conditions favourable to that act. Here, the scientific object studied in the field of entrepreneurship is the dialogic between individual and new value creation, within an ongoing process and within an environment that has specific characteristics. This definition emphasizes the fact that we will not understand the phenomenon of entrepreneurship if we do not consider...
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...Creativity Research Journal 2005, Vol. 17, No. 1, 51–65 Copyright © 2005 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Feeling Creative, Being Creative: An Empirical Study of Diversity and Creativity in Teams Terri R. Kurtzberg Rutgers University ABSTRACT: Two empirical studies explored objectively measured creative fluency and subjectively perceived creativity in cognitively diverse teams. Results indicate that cognitive diversity may be beneficial for objective functioning but may damage team satisfaction, affect, and members’impressions of their creative performance. Subjective ratings diverged greatly from more objective measures and were more closely related to affective measures. The overall findings present creativity as a complex multidimensional construct, and cognitive diversity as an important predictor of both team emotions and outcomes. Arguments are presented for the value of subjectively perceived creativity, even in the absence of more concrete performance in the immediate time period. The concept of creativity spans a multitude of domains from art to science to literature to business and beyond (e.g. Stumpf, 1995; Tang & Leonard, 1985; Williams & Yang, 1999). Even within any one context, researchers have long recognized that creativity can refer to person, process, product, or environmental response (Rhodes, 1961). At one count, there were well over 50 definitions to be found on this ever-expanding list (Taylor, 1988). It is easy to understand, given this wide...
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...25 (2008) 155 – 180 E-government policy and practice: A theoretical and empirical exploration of public e-procurement Catherine A. Hardy ⁎, Susan P. Williams Information Policy and Practice Research Group, Discipline of Business Information Systems, Faculty of Economics and Business, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Available online 19 April 2007 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically explore how public e-procurement policies are translated into practice. The theoretical argument draws on actor network theory (ANT), coupled with Colebatch’s [Colebatch, H. K. (2002). Policy (2nd ed.). Maidenhead, Open University Press.] social construct of policy, to analyze the actors, actions, and circumstances through which understanding of public e-procurement comes to stabilize (or not) into a coherent policy for action. Drawing on three case studies of central government agencies in Italy, Scotland, and Western Australia, we suggest new intellectual perspectives and methodological heuristics that may assist researchers and practitioners analytical efforts in examining sociotechnical change and the implications for policy development and implementation. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: E-government; E-procurement; Actor network theory; Social construction of policy 1. Introduction Public e-procurement, as an information system (IS) enabled innovation in government, is transforming technological platforms and the way...
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...THE MASK STRIPPED BARE BY ITS CURATORS: THE WORK OF HYBRIDITY IN THE 21 ST CENTURY Ruth B. Phillips Article #19 AHMED MASOUD 1 Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Art in early years of the 21st Century .............................................................................................. 4 Actor Network Theory .................................................................................................................... 6 Networking art connections in museums ....................................................................................... 8 Dhari a Krar ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Strategy for translation ................................................................................................................. 11 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 13 2 Abstract This paper will attempt to highlight in what manner western museums curate contemporary indigenous art in this modern setting. The main focus of this paper is how current means of understanding of non-western indigenous art does not completely allow to translate the culture successfully in order for museums to represent other cultures...
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...Grid computing Grid computing uses middleware to process and coordinate large amounts of data from different resources across a network, allowing them to function as a virtual whole. Anderson 2004 states that ‘These resources are centrally managed by IT professionals, are powered on most of the time, and are connected by full-time, high-bandwidth network links. There is a symmetric relationship between organizations: each one can either provide or use resources.’ The concept was developed to provide users with access to resources they needed at any point in time. Grid computing has helped increase the development of information systems to become more flexible, cost and power efficient, faster performance, scalability and become more available. Grid computing has enabled groups of networked computers to be pooled and provisioned on demand to meet the changing needs of business. Instead of dedicated servers and storage for each application, grid computing enables multiple applications to share computing infrastructure. As seen from the diagram above, the use of grid computing has improved information systems of a company by increasing the flexibility of resources used amongst each department. In every company the workloads are constantly fluctuating during the course of a day, week, or month. The resources are now spread across all the departments, so they are now able to demand for resources in real time and allowing the business to supply accordingly. The concept is also brought...
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...[pic] REQUEST-NEW-PAPER SEARCH SOFTWARE EMBEDDED ELECTRONICS VLSI WIRELESS RF ALL PAPERS free research papers-computer science-cloud computing [pic] cloud computing 2012-cloud computing cloud computing-year-2011 cloud computing-2 best-papers-EEE cloud computing data storage in cloud computing data-compression-in-cloud-computing Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. Parallels to this concept can be drawn with the electricity grid, where end-users consume power without needing to understand the component devices or infrastructure required to provide the service. Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption, and delivery model for IT services based on Internet protocols, and it typically involves provisioning of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources It is a byproduct and consequence of the ease-of-access to remote computing sites provided by the Internet. This frequently takes the form of web-based tools or applications that users can access and use...
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...heterogeneity and dynamism of networks, systems and applications have made our computational and information infrastructure brittle, unmanageable and insecure. This has necessitated the investigation of an alternate paradigm for system and application design, which is based on strategies used by biological systems to deal with similar challenges – a vision that has been referred to as autonomic computing. The overarching goal of autonomic computing is to realize computer and software systems and applications that can manage themselves in accordance with high-level guidance from humans. Meeting the grand challenges of autonomic computing requires scientific and technological advances in a wide variety of fields, as well as new software and system architectures that support the effective integration of the constituent technologies. This paper presents an introduction to autonomic computing, its challenges, and opportunities. 1 Introduction Advances in networking and computing technology and software tools have resulted in an explosive growth in networked applications and information services that cover all aspects of our life. These sophisticated applications and services are extremely complex, heterogeneous and dynamic. Further, the underlying information infrastructure (e.g., the Internet) globally aggregates large numbers of independent computing and communication resources, data stores and sensor networks, and is itself similarly large, heterogeneous, dynamic and complex. The...
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...PTC’07 Proceedings 4G MOBILE NETWORKS – TECHNOLOGY BEYOND 2.5G AND 3G Jun-seok Hwang*, Roy R. Consulta** & Hyun-young Yoon*** Seoul National University Republic of Korea ABSTRACT Based on the study, 4G mobile technology is in a determining and standardization stage. Although 4G wireless technology offers higher data rates and the ability to roam across multiple heterogeneous wireless networks, several issues require further research and development. Since 4G is still in the cloud of the sensible standards creation, ITU and IEEE form several task forces to work on the possible completion for the 4G mobile standards as well. 3GPP LTE is an evolution standard from UMTS, and WiMAX is another candidate from IEEE. These technologies have different characteristics and try to meet 4G characteristics to become a leading technology in the future market. Under these circumstances, this paper will present about the current trends and its underlying technologies to implement the 4G mobile technology. This paper also shows some of the possible scenarios that will benefit the 4th generation technology. KEYWORDS 4G Mobile Technologies, 3GPP Long Term Evolution, WiMAX, WiBro, Software Defined Radio, Open Architecture 1. INTRODUCTION In a world of fast changing technology, there is a rising requirement for people to communicate and get connected with each other and have appropriate and timely access to information regardless of the location of the each individuals or the information. The increasing...
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