...specific groups are societal and cultural values. The construct of attitudes towards homosexuality is multidimensional composing of a number of different factors varying from the conviction that gay people are ‘threatening’ or ‘dangerous’ to the belief that homosexual people should be condemned (LaMar & Kite, 1998). Furthermore, antihomosexual attitudes and behaviours according to Herek (2002) can be put together in separate categories in terms of cognitive, affective and behavioural components. Antigay...
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...Heterosexism: First Slide Warren Blumenfeld describes heterosexism as the overarching system of advantages bestowed on heterosexuals based on the institutionalization of heterosexual norms or standards and founded on the ideology that all people are or should be heterosexual, which privileges heterosexuals and heterosexuality, while excluding the needs, concerns, cultures, and the life experiences of lesbians, gay males, bisexuals, pansexuals, and asexuals. Pansexuals: people who reject the sex/gender binary, and who find that gender and sex are irrelevant in influencing whether they will be sexually, emotionally, and romantically attracted to others, they are attracted to people regardless of their gender and sex. Religious endorsement for heterosexuality * People cite religious texts to support the social norms of heterosexuality * Religious denominations have worked hard to end oppression toward a number of groups, including those who transgress heterosexual norms, religious textual passages * Religious textual passages have been used to justify the construction and maintenance of the institution of slavery, the persecution and murder of Jews, male domination over and denial of rights of women, adult domination and persecution of young people, denial of rights, gender non-conformity Medical model supports for heterosexuality * Medical and psychological professions have often proposed and addressed, in starkly medical language, the alleged “deficiencies”...
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...Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Learning Objectives 1) Be able to Understand the Concept of Gender and Gender Identity A. Gender- i. The Way in that Biological sex is Experienced and Expressed ii. Psychological, Social, and Cultural Aspects of Femaleness and Maleness B. Gender Identity i. The “knowing” of oneself as male or female ii. Do I think as myself as a boy or girl, main or woman, or something else iii. Sense of being masculine, feminine, or ambivalent iv. Feeling of belonging to a particular gender v. The Data shows the following: 1. Evidence of Gender ID begins to emerge at 1 ½ years and is influenced by the infant’s observed genitalia, proper gender assignment, belief’s regarding gender, and infants experience with his/her body 2. 2-2 ½ years old- Clearly Crystallizing through naturally curiosity about anatomical differences between sexes, genital play and gender categorization. 3. 3- firmly established through process of identification with same gender parent 2) Be able to discuss the current understanding of the development of sexual orientation A. What is sexual orientation: i. This refers to a person’s potential to respond with sexual excitement to persons of the same sex, opposite sex or both ii. This includes erotic or sexual fantasies...
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...sexual orientation towards people of the same sex; gays for males and lesbians for females. Bisexuals are those that are attracted to both men and women. In these definitions, it is important to underscore the fact that lesbians and gay people often have bisexual dispositions. Transgender persons are also victims of discrimination. These are people who are born with complete physical characteristics and features of one sex, but often feel emotional and psychological belonging to the opposite sex. As such a male feels and acts like a female, and vice versa. Many people, including those with sufficient understanding in psychological and social issues argue that trans sexuality is the root cause of homosexuality and bisexuality Morrow et al 19). Many studies in homosexuality associate the state of trans gender to complex emotions and instincts that cross over to attraction to members of the same sex. There are other claims that it is an effect of socialization, this one is not naturally born into it. Trans sexual have often come under discrimination in learning institutions, workplaces and social places. They have been branded as people with a confused sexual identity. Collectively, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender are often abbreviated as LGBT (Badgett 44). Sexual activity is mainly based on one`s preferences and instincts. In this sense, a person might be attracted to members of the opposite...
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...Social Understanding of Homosexuality, Sex, and Gender Journal 2 Kaitlyn Ricketts Smallwood S102 9 October 2012 Ricketts 1 Sexism is defined as, “A system of advantages that serves to privilege men, subordinate women, denigrate women – identified values and practices, enforce male dominance and control and reinforce forms of masculinity that are dehumanizing and damaging to men” (Blood, Tuttle, & Lakey, 1983). It is just another form of discrimination towards those who are underprivileged according to the dominant race, “white men.” According to Warren J. Blumenfeld (2010), the oppression towards women is an individual belief that consists of ideas that are enforced by today’s society. Sexism is a cruel view on the women who provide children and nurturing; women have proven over the years to be just as successful, smart, and athletic and men. There should be no borderline between men and women, such as the gender colors of pink and blue, or the stereotype of how men are fearless and women are emotional. Heterosexism is, “the overarching system of advantages bestowed on heterosexuals, based on the institutionalization of heterosexual norms or standards that privilege heterosexuals and heterosexuality, and exclude the needs, concerns, cultures, and life experiences of lesbians, gay males, and bisexuals” (Warren J. Blumenfeld, 2010). People tend to divide the society into the specific norms of sex and gender categories. In this way, the one’s who abide by society’s...
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...I Am Not My Sexuality: Annotated Bibliography and Outline Unit 5 Course 5334 Annotated Bibliography Aldrich, R. (2004). Homosexuality and the city: an historical overview. Urban Studies, 41(9), 1719-1737. Aldrich gives a historical overview of the history of homosexuality. He goes back to the Roman times and discusses Sodom and Gomorrah and continues to the present day. He makes mention of how homosexuals left various cities to escape the traditional life constraints and went to other cities to begin transforming the city into much construction of the gay and lesbian culture. Bonilla, L & Porter, J (1990). A comparison of latino, black, and non-hispanic white attitudes toward homosexuality. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 12(4), 437-452. This article discusses Latinos, Blacks, and non Hispanic whites attitudes towards homosexuality. It has been researched that the Latino culture is more inclined than blacks and non whites to believe that homosexuality and the spread of AIDS are invariably related. This one assumption has the capacity to cause the rights of homosexuals to be restricted. Goldsmith, S. J. (2001). Oepipus or orestes? Homosexual men, their mothers, and other women revisited. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 49 (4), 1269-1287. The author of this article discusses gender roles and how they have an effect on the sexuality of men and women. He mentions when people sense femininity in a man it causes them to fear that man simply...
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...Role of Sexual Orientation in Leadership and Communication Style John M. Stinnett ORG300 – Applying Leadership Principles Colorado State University – Global Campus Dr. Wendy G. Wilson February 14, 2015 Role of Sexual Orientation in Leadership and Communication Style Leadership can be defined as the process through which an individual guides and motivates a group towards the achievement of a common goal/s. Until recently, men have largely held leadership positions and men were thusly stereotyped to be more effective leaders. Women were seldom seen in senior leadership roles, and openly gay individuals were almost unheard of as leaders. However, currently with a more liberal trend to be open about one’s sexuality; gays and lesbians have become more frequent in the workforce over the past few decades, especially in management and leadership positions. The stereotypes are changing as more and more homosexuals enter leadership roles. Diversity in Leadership and Communication Today’s leader must be skilled in intercultural and diversity communication styles. As Van Hoyes and Livens state, “an organization’s success, profit and growth depend increasingly on the management of a diverse work force” (2003). Diversity includes such things as race, gender, age, color, physical ability, national origin, etc. The definition of diversity has recently been more broadly updated to include religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, language, lifestyle, beliefs, physical appearance...
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...Sociology 1 5/15/2014 Final Exam: Short Answer Questions 1. Class Stratification Describe the social class system in the U.S. In United States have six social classes, from the top to low, there are upper classes which is top-level executives, celebrities, heirs, income over fifty thousands and have highly education, second is new money class which is people inherit a huge money from their family. Thirdly is middle class which is people having highly educational and also have their professionals like lawyer and doctor. Fourthly is working class which is people have low educated or technical training, they always is blue-collar worker and worker. Also they have a union. Fifth is working poor class which is people have lower educational, usually work in the lowest-paying jobs. The last one is poverty level which is people can’t meet their basic needs. Discuss how class shapes life chances using segments from the film, People Like US: Social Class in America below: The working class vs. the middle class In the work, the working-class people more easy to injury at work than the middle class t. And, the working class people are least possibly have the extra money to buy essential, moreover luxurious things and holiday. The social class in US, the middle class family has the better survival qualifications, therefore they have the social activity, and their child can have a better education compared to the working class people. “Bourgeoisie Blues” – the black middle class ...
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...chastised amongst their peers. The focus of this paper is to present an opinion as well as facts in a variety of subjects and how gays relate to them. Also to show the affect that gays have had on the military and policy changes that have positively impacted homosexuals. In many cultures, homosexual people are regularly the focus of bigotry and discrimination. Like those that associate themselves with many other minority groups they are the articles of prejudice, they are also the focus of stereotyping, which further adds to the “freezing out” from society. The prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping are all representations of forms of homophobia and heterosexism (or bigotry towards homosexuals), these can include negative assertiveness, prejudice, and discrimination in favor of heterosexuality and relationships. Heterosexism can embrace the belief that everyone is heterosexual or that opposite-sex allures and relationships are normal and consequently superior. Homophobia is a fear of, loathing towards, or discrimination against homosexual people. There are a number of different terms used to describe the hatred and loathing of homosexuals, as well as a variety of different forms have been claimed, some examples of these are internalized homophobia, social homophobia, emotional homophobia, and rationalized homophobia. Comparable to the aforementioned is lesbophobia (specifically targeting lesbians) and biphobia (against bisexual people). When such approaches bare...
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...Homosexuality From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about homosexuality in humans. For homosexuality in other animals, see Homosexual behavior in animals. Sexual orientation Male and female symbols overlaid Sexual orientations Asexual Bisexual Heterosexual Homosexual Non-binary categories Androphilia and gynephilia Non-heterosexual Pansexuality Polysexuality Queer Research Biological Human female sexuality Human male sexuality Demographics Environment Hetero/homosexual continuum Kinsey scale Klein Grid Neuroscientific Queer studies Sexology Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine Non-human animals Animal sexual behaviour Non-reproductive sexual behavior in animals Homosexual behavior in animals (list) Category Category v t e Part of a series on Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people LGBT flag Sexual orientation Homosexuality Demographics Biology Environment History LGBT history Timeline Social movements Culture LGBT community Coming out Pride Slang Symbols Gay village Rights Laws around the world Marriage Union Adoption LGBT parenting Military service Legal aspects of transgenderism Intersex human rights Social attitudes Heteronormativity LGBT stereotypes Queer Religion and homosexuality Religion and transgender Prejudice / Violence AIDS stigma Anti-intersex Biphobia Genderism Heterosexism Homophobia Lesbophobia Binarism Sexualism Suicide among LGBT youth Transphobia Violence against LGBT people LGBT trafficking ...
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...Higher Risks of Suicide among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Youth in America Teela Oxendine-Cummings CST5334 – Ethnic and Cultural Awareness Capella University Abstract This paper presents an overview of what is known about suicide and suicidal behavior among LGB youth. For the intention of this paper, the term youth is generally defined as people age 15 through 24. In developing this paper, the learner reviewed the relevant literature published from 1996 through 2011; researched suicide prevention and mental health support programs, and researched services for LGBT youth. After summarize research findings about the higher risk of suicidal behavior for LGBT youth, the paper explores risk and protective factors for this group and provides suggestions to the field that is used to reduce suicidal behavior among LGBT youth. Table of Contents Research Paper Title…………………………………………………………1 Higher Risks of Suicide among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) youth in America…1 Abstract …………………………………………………. 2 Table of Contents………………………………………..3-4 Introduction…..…………………………………………..5 Overview on Suicide ……………………………5 Illustration of the LGBT Youth………….............5-6 Sexual Orientation and Suicide………………...6-7 Scope of the Problem : Suicidal Behaviors ………….7 Suicide Deaths Among LGBT Youth…………...7 Suicide Attempts Among LGBT Youth…………7-8 Suicide Ideation Among LGBT Youth………….8 Conclusion on Suicidal Behaviors of LGBT...
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...in technology so this advancement in the technology brought some disastrous effects on the adult generation by making the availability of sexual content to everyone. Necessary heterosexuality is an idea infrequently addressed in contemporary society. Compulsory heterosexuality, or heterosexism, can essentially be characterized as the overwhelming standard for sexual introduction, along these lines to tackle whatever other type of sexual introduction outside the standard is seen as a degenerate demonstration (Germov & Poole 2011, p.10). This implies that all social connection is separated and seen through the viewpoint of a hetero normative look. A typical misinterpretation, nonetheless, all through Western culture is that sexual orientation and organic sex are synonymous in meaning. Biological sex is naturally decided, sexuality is changed in agreement to inclination, and sex is a behavioral method of being (Butler 2011).It is a normally underestimated perspective that females ought to act like young ladies and guys ought to act like young men yet this is not generally the situation. Exploration demonstrates that in numerous English talking nations, not barring Australia, oppression homosexuality is disheartened and, on occasion, even unlawful. Despite this, hetero men are demonstrated to disregard gay person want in apprehension of being avoided by their companions (Richter’s & Riesel 2005, p.118). A developing collection of sociological hypothesis and research on men and masculinities...
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...Frameworks Amy Lind University of Virginia Studies in Women and Gender Program This article addresses the effects of heterosexist bias in social welfare policy frameworks on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals and families in the United States. It discusses the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), federal definitions of family and household, and stereotypes about LGBT individuals. It argues that poor LGBT individuals and families lack full citizen rights and access to needed social services as a result of these explicit and implicit biases. Key words: Welfare reform; family policy; civil rights; gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LGBT); heterosexism Welfare reform is fundamentally about family policy—about promoting and privileging particular kinds of families, and about penalizing and stigmatizing others. (Cahill and Jones 2002: 1). Two pieces of legislation were passed in 1996 that set an important tone for family policy in the United States: The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), an act that expanded welfare-to-work programs throughout the country, restricted people’s access to public assistance, and crystallized the broader restructuring of public-private boundaries; and the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which defines marriage as a legal union between a man and a woman. At first glance, the two initiatives appear unrelated and inconsequential...
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...Week 8 Assignment: Quiz Name: Tricia Piazza Multiple Choice – 2 Points Each 1. The elderly share the characteristics of minority groups in which of the following ways? a. voluntary membership b. out-group marriages c. unequal treatment in employment d. weak sense of group solidarity 2. The Supreme Court ruled in 2008 that employers have the burden to prove laying off older workers is not based on age but __________. a. “some reasonable factor” b. “on age discrimination” c. “bias for younger workers” d. none of these 3. Which of the following is true about worker protections based on age? a. Firing workers because they are old violates federal law. b. Firing an older worker to replace them with someone over the age of 40. c. Courts have upheld the right of businesses to lay off older workers for economic reasons. d. all of these 4. Poverty rates for the elderly have a. increased. b. remained constant. c. declined for all racial groups. d. declined for white women only. 5. The dramatic increase in the number of people aged 65 and older is a consequence of which of the following? a. declining mortality rates b. immigrant sponsorship of older relatives c. increases in the number of Americans with health insurance d. all of these 6. Ageism...
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...Research Study #1: Victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation By: Herek, Gregory M., Cogan, Jeanine C., Gillis, J. Roy2 Universities Affiliated: University of California, Davis., University of Toronto Abstract: Using interview data from a convenience sample of 450 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults, the varieties of victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation are described. Most crimes were perpetrated in public settings by one or more strangers, but victimization also occurred in other locales, and perpetrators included neighbors, coworkers, and relatives. In deciding whether a crime was based on their sexual orientation, victims tended to rely primarily on contextual cues and perpetrators’ explicit statements. Victims’ concerns about police bias and public disclosure of their sexual orientation were important factors in deciding whether to report antigay crimes, as were beliefs about the crime’s severity and the likelihood that perpetrators would be punished. Reflection: The method used in this research study is the interview method. They collected a sample size of 450 willing volunteers (224 men: 204 gay, 20 bisexual and 226 women: 202 lesbian, 24 bisexual). They all were asked to describe their experiences with hate crimes and there was a split between people who knew for sure they were attacked by biased views and those who knew their attacker did not have any biased views against them. Many volunteers felt they were most likely...
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