...Base/mode of production HM Economic base/infrastructure: forces of production: raw material, social creations necessary for the society to engage in economic production, technology, natural resources related skills and knowledge. Relations of production: owndership of the forces of prod, some owned communally, others were private ownership and compel others groups to work for it superstructure HM all aspects of society not included in the base, religion, philosphy, politics, the fam, law, art CHANGE IN ECON BASE CHANGE IN SUPERSTRUCTURE Simple Societies Not dependent on any other society; little political organization, division by gender Compound Societies Greater division of labor, stratification, composite groups formed Doubly compound All doubly compound societies are settled, non-nomadic, political organization more elaborate, caste system, towns and roads Trebly compound societies Extensive territorial scope of society; Great civilizations, productive, distributive capcity, regular exchange with other societies Historical Materialsm was also a reaction to important contemporary societal and intellectual developments: Lenski: Technology used to adapt to environment; Outcomes: Surplus production, Population growth, Stratification, occupational specialization Harris: Cultural Materialsm (best for preindustrial) Theory Mechanism: Population growth & technological processing deplete the environment, cause decline in living standards...
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...REL Non-DOM HG kg/kg bwt. Class 26.76045455 26.21681818 50.40909091 46.22727273 0.66 0.60 Males 28.26866667 28.04 59.46666667 54.26666667 0.73 0.66 Female 23.52857143 22.31 31 29 0.49 0.46 Table 2 above displays a means data chart of the six categories that the investigators collected. This chart above is the average measurement for both males and females and the class as a whole. Table 3 above demonstrates the Effects of Training status on Dominant Hand Grip Strength and Dominant Arm Circumference. From observing the scatterplot, one will see that aerobic trained subjects had an excellent relationship between dominant strength and dominant circumference. Whereas anaerobic and untrained subjects did not have a good relationship. Table 4 above represents...
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...during his annual physical examination at the company he is working for. He has a high pressure position at his job and he is expected to meet certain sale quota each month and admitted to feel stressed sometimes. Patient has a lot of responsibility due to his family dynamics and his aging parent. He is married for 18 years with three kids. He is a college graduate with an Associate degree in Business. Patient is slightly overweight and also has a family history of high blood pressure, which is his mother. He is a non smoker but drinks on occasional weekends; he also has a family history of high blood pressure as well. He is anxious about his disease because he has no knowledge about it. High blood pressure (Hypertension) “Hypertension is usually defined in adults as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher” (Chobanian AV et al 2003). It is when the pressure in the arteries is more than what it should normally be. High blood pressure affects men more than women. There are many factors that contribute to high blood pressure, lifestyle, diet, genetics and some of unknown origin. “In men, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increase steadily by the age of 35 years, and reach a plateau in the 7th decade of life” (Lombardi, M. et al 2010). Signs and symptoms High blood pressure has no sign signs or symptoms that can be easy noted until it is late except during routine physical and blood pressure checks....
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...As it was the case of Dennison, et al (2016) who used a 3T Siemens Trio Scanner in order to examine reward reactivity and reaction time. They looked at specific brain areas that would be affected by the tasks: pallidum and basal ganglia. There are many different ways to measure resilience. Each study used similar forms of collecting data, but with different measures. Characteristics of participants: age, gender, and race/ethnicity had an impact on how these measures were chosen. One thing that the studies had in common is the purpose of their studies. Their objectives include to identify specific factors contributing to resilience and providing counselors with this information so they can apply it with their...
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...Heart Disease among African American Women Ciatta Jones, RN Excelsior College Abstract Heart Disease remains the number one killer among women. However, African American women have a higher rate of heart disease than any other ethnic group or demographics and subsequently have an increased mortality rate among other nationalities. They are disproportionately outnumbered when it comes to the obesity rate, stroke and diabetes amongst other groups such as the Caucasians and Asian’s. Contributing factors are decreased awareness and knowledge of heart disease, a low self perception regarding risk factors, ongoing behaviors that are not modified such as smoking, alcoholism, eating fried and salty foods and sometimes the inability to get to medical facilities and clinics. With more education about heart disease and an increased perception of risk, people’s minds will become transformed and will be motivated to modify risk factors related to heart disease. Differences in knowledge and comprehension levels are greater amid those that have a higher educational level. Continual health promotions, fairs, seminars and preventative efforts must continue for us to see positive outcomes associated with a desired behavior change. Keywords: African American, heart disease, women, risk factors, education Heart disease among African American Women The death threat of heart disease is greater than that of AIDS and breast cancer collectively. It is the number one killer of women...
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...Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD; Emphysema) Pathophysiology Abakyereba Kwansemah June 4, 2014 Abstract D.Z.is a 65-year-old man admitted to medical ward with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; emphysema). Past medical history (PMH) indicates hypertension (HTN), well managed with enalapril (Vasotec) past six years, diagnosis (Dx) of pneumonia yearly for the past three years. D.Z. appears cachectic with difficulty breathing at rest. Patient reports productive cough with thick yellow-green sputum. He seems anxious and irritable during subjective data collection. He states, he has been a 2-pack-a-day smoker for 38 years. He complains of (c/o) insomnia and tiredness. His vital signs (VS) are 162/84, 124, 36, 102° F, SaO2 88%. Admitting diagnosis is chronic emphysema with acute exacerbation. Admitting orders includes: diet as tolerated; out of bed with assistance; oxygen (O2) to maintain SaO2 of 90%; maintenance IV of D5W at 50 ml/hr.; intake and output (I&O); arterial blood gases (ABGs) in AM; CBC with differential, basic metabolic panel (BMP), and theophylline (Theo-Dur) level on admission; chest x-ray (CXR) q24h; prednisone 60 mg/day PO; doxycycline 100 mg PO q12h x10 days, azithromycin 500 mg IV piggyback (IVPB) q24h x2 days then 500 mg PO x 7 days; theophylline 300 mg PO bid; heparin 5000 units SC q12h; albuterol 2.5 mg (0.5 ml) in 3 ml normal saline (NS) and ipratropium 500 mg by nebulizer q4-6h;...
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...also characterized in film as unscrupulous businessmen and cruel mobsters, or as compliant, submissive and exotic. One-dimensional portrayals, coupled with the absence of accurate images and positive role models, obstruct public understanding of the Asian American community, which can contribute to an anti-Asian climate. Despite the diversity among Asian Pacific Americans, they are often misperceived as a monolithic group. Thus, even though an act of anti-Asian sentiment might be perpetrated with a particular ethnic group in mind (e.g., Indian, Filipino or Korean), a failure to make distinctions between Asian Pacific American ethnic groups causes members of all groups to become potential victims of hate crimes. Hate incidents are expressions of hostility based on race, religion, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation or disability. Hate incidents are not illegal. They may take the form of name-calling or using racial slurs, hate speech, the distribution of racist leaflets or other disrespectful behavior. Hate crimes are defined by federal or state statutes. A hate crime occurs when a person commits an act such as assault, battery, criminal damage to property, criminal trespass to property or mob action because of the victim's real or perceived race, religion, nationality, gender, sexual orientation or disability. Hate crime laws vary from state to state. Hate crimes are another type of abuse, and one which can occur anywhere and anytime. In the United States today, the most...
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...2001, 2002). This rapid diversification requires healthcare organizations to pay closer attention to cross-cultural issues if they are to meet the healthcare needs of the nation and continue to maintain a high standard of care. Looking at the Country as a whole the current area of discussion for this paper is the area of Western North Carolina and the population of Asheville, which is a melting pot of cultures which the combination they create is unique to no other. According to the 2006 U.S. Census Bureau statistics for Asheville, N.C. the current demographics break down as follows: Asheville [City] Population (current estimate), 70,400. Buncombe County Population (2006), 222,174, county in Western North Carolina Asheville is located. Gender Dispersion was 46.8% Male, 53.2% Female with an average age being 39.2 years of age. Race breaks down as follows: White persons (2000), 78%, Black or African American persons(2000), 17.6%, American Indian (2000), 0.4%, Asian persons (2000), 0.9%, Hispanic or Latino origin (2000), 3.8% ( underestimated due to immigrant workers not reported in...
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...TOPIC: THE RISE OF DIVORCE CASES IN ISLAMABAD Introduction: Over the years, there is seen the rise in number of divorce cases in Islamabad. According to Islamabad Arbitration Council, in 2005, there were 314 divorce cases reported in the press. In 2010, the number rose to 625 and in 2011, the number increased by 40 percent respectively. Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan; demographically it is comprised of heterogeneous people. Mostly the inhabitants in Islamabad are not local rather some of them have migrated while others are living on temporary basis. People here are educated enough and much aware of their fundamental rights. Tangibly it is modern city in outlook. The way of life in Islamabad seems to be inspired by outer world. Furthermore, they are more liberal in their thoughts. As for as the people of the city are concerned they are totally different in respect of their behavior, attitude and life style as compare to the people of other cities like, Karachi, Lahore, and Quetta. Owing to the aforementioned demography of Islamabad, the causes in hold behind the divorce cases are quite different from those in other parts of the country (mostly rural). The more liberal overlook, higher education, heterogeneous society with people having different social background, financial status and to some extent the joint family system are some of the major causes in hole behind the rise of divorce cases in Islamabad. Literature Review: “Karney and Bradbury, emphasize...
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...MERU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN WORKPLACE TO ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS IN MERU MUNICIPALITY KENNEDY MUTWIRI MUKARIA MUC-SBS-555-0056/2009 A RESEARCH PROPOSAL A research proposal submitted to the department of business in partial fulfilment of requirements of degree of Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting) of Meru University College of Science and Technology DECLARATION This is my original work and has not been presented for the degree or any other award to any other University Signature ___________________________ Name __________________________ Date Approval This proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as the University supervisor Signature ___________________________ (Name of supervisor of department; Meru University) __________________________ Date TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the study............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the problem.............................................................................................. 4 1.3 Objectives of the study................................................................................................. 1.4 Research questions...................................................
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...Wellness: the new health goal • Generations of people have viewed health simply as the absence of disease • Health – typically refers to the overall condition of a person’s body or mind and to the presence or absence of illness or injury • Wellness – beyond the simple presence or absence of disease, wellness refers to optimal health and vitality – to living life to its fullest • There are two differences between health and wellness: o Health – or some aspects of it – can be determined or influenced by factors beyond your control, such as your genes, age and family history (for example, family history of heart disease or cancer) o Wellness is largely determined by the decisions you make about how you live. For example, eating sensibly, exercising and having regular screening tests. Enhanced wellness, therefore, involves making conscious decisions to control risk factors that contribute to disease or injury. (age and family history are risk factors that cannot be controlled. Behaviours such as smoking, exercising and eating healthy are factors you can control) The dimensions of wellness • Experts have defined six dimensions of wellness: o Physical o Emotional o Intellectual o Interpersonal o Spiritual o Environmental • These dimensions are interrelated; each has an effect on the others • The process of achieving wellness is constant and dynamic, involving change and growth • Wellness is not static; ignoring any dimension of wellness can have harmful...
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...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
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...Courtesy of L E K A R SPECIAL EDITION Authors: Marino, Paul L. Title: ICU Book, The, 3rd Edition Copyright ©2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN: 0-7817-4802-X Authors Dedication Quote Preface to Third Edition Preface to First Edition Acknowledgments Table of Contents Section I - Basic Science Review Basic Science Review Chapter 1 - Circulatory Blood Flow Chapter 2 - Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport Section II - Preventive Practices in the Critically Ill Preventive Practices in the Critically Ill Chapter 3 - Infection Control in the ICU Chapter 4 - Alimentary Prophylaxis Chapter 5 - Venous Thromboembolism Section III - Vascular Access Vascular Access Chapter 6 - Establishing Venous Access Chapter 7 - The Indwelling Vascular Catheter Section IV - Hemodynamic Monitoring Hemodynamic Monitoring Chapter 8 - Arterial Blood Pressure Chapter 9 - The Pulmonary Artery Catheter Chapter 10 - Central Venous Pressure and Wedge Pressure Chapter 11 - Tissue Oxygenation Section V - Disorders of Circulatory Flow Disorders of Circulatory Flow Chapter 12 - Hemorrhage and Hypovolemia Chapter 13 - Colloid and Crystalloid Resuscitation Chapter 14 - Acute Heart Failure Syndromes Chapter 15 - Cardiac Arrest Chapter 16 - Hemodynamic Drug Infusions Section VI - Critical Care Cardiology Critical Care Cardiology Chapter 17 - Early Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes Chapter 18 - Tachyarrhythmias Section VII - Acute Respiratory Failure Acute Respiratory Failure Chapter 19 - Hypoxemia...
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...often, vital organs like the kidneys and eyes may damage or other diseases may occur before it is detected; for this reason, it is often called the "silent killer (American Heart Association, 2014). According to Woo & Wynne (2012), a report from the World Health Organization indicates that suboptimal blood pressure higher than 115mm Hg (systolic) is liable for 62% of all cardiovascular disease and 49% of all ischemic heart disease. A normal blood pressure level is systolic reading of blood pressure (SBP) less than 120mmHg with diastolic level (DBP) less than 80mmHg. Hypertension disease has the following stages. A pre-hypertensive level is SBP 120-139, and DBP 80-89. Hypertension stage 1 is SBP 140-159, with DBP of 90-99. Hypertension stage 2 is SBP greater than or equal to 160 with DBP of 100 or more. Stress and emotional tension may temporarily increase blood pressure; but it would not be considered as hypertension unless it remains that way after the situation dissolves or improves (Woo & Wynne, 2012). Epidemiology studies depict that up to about 60% of the condition is inherited but environmental factors can also play a large role in it (Nadar, & Lip, 2011). In the United States, African Americans make up 12.8% of the population, but their...
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...Servicios de Atencion Psiquia ´ ´trica, Secretarıa de Salud. Me ´xico D. F., Me ´xico, ´ Tabasco, Division Academica de Ciencias de la Salud, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Me ´xico, 5 Centro de Investigacion Genomica, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico ´ ´ ´ ´ 4 Hospital General de Comalcalco, Tabasco. Secretarıa de Salud, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Me Abstract Background: Depression and anxiety are common in diabetic patients; however, in recent years the frequency of these symptoms has markedly increased worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the frequency and factors associated with depression and anxiety, since they can be responsible for premature morbidity, mortality, risk of developing comorbidities, complications, suffering of patients, as well as escalation of costs. We studied the frequency of depression and anxiety in Mexican outpatients with type 2 diabetes and identified the risk factors for depression and anxiety. Methods and Findings: We performed a study in 820 patients with type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, respectively. We calculated the proportions for depression and anxiety and, after adjusting for confounding variables, we performed multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regressions to...
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