...Running head: MUSIC AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OVERALL INTELLECT !1 ! ! ! ! ! Music And its Relationship To Overall Intellect Kymberlie Joy Hurd College of Southern Nevada ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Author Note This research paper was done for Psychology 240, Section 4001, taught by Professor Mason MUSIC AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OVERALL INTELLECT Abstract A review of previous studies was conducted to test and measure the correlation of music and its influence on various levels of intellect. Subjects range in age from 9 to 67 and education from elementary school to undergraduate and beyond. Analysis included studies of subjects who listened to music and subjects that have varying levels of musical training. While some studies found significant results in some areas of cognition, intelligence and memory, they were inconsistent and concluded that further testing was needed. This review examines further the question of causation with music as a variable with a direct effect to a subject’s intellect as addressed by Schellenberg (2011). To understand if there is a direct relationship between music and intellect, further research of a subject’s background and mentality is required. !2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! MUSIC AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OVERALL INTELLECT Title of Paper Here Many studies have sought to provide a significant and reliable relationship between music as a factor of a subject’s intelligence or memory retention. The results are often conflicting within each experiment...
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...the study of the brain have enhanced our understanding of the way that active engagement with music may influence other activities. The cerebral cortex selforganises as we engage with different musical activities, skills in these areas may then transfer to other activities if the processes involved are similar. Some skills transfer automatically without our conscious awareness, others require reflection on how they might be utilised in a new situation. Perceptual, language and literacy skills Speech and music have a number of shared processing systems. Musical experiences which enhance processing can therefore impact on the perception of language which in turn impacts on learning to read. Active engagement with music sharpens the brain’s early encoding of linguistic sound. Eight year old children with just 8 weeks of musical training showed improvement in perceptual cognition compared with controls. Speech makes extensive use of structural auditory patterns based on timbre differences between phonemes. Musical training develops skills which enhance perception of these patterns. This is critical in developing phonological awareness which in turn contributes to learning to read successfully. Speech processing requires similar processing to melodic contour. Eight year old children with musical training outperformed controls on tests of music and language. Learning to discriminate differences between tonal and rhythmic patterns and to associate these with visual symbols seems to transfer...
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...Strategy and non-technological innovation Assignment for part-time MBA Competitive Strategies, week 6 October 4, 2012 This paper describes the consequences of a non-technical innovation for the strategy of a firm that operates in cultural industry. The example chosen is that of the company Stage Entertainment. In the first part of this paper we will provide a brief history of Stage Entertainment, single out two non-technological innovations and discuss how these innovations have affected the strategic behavious of Stage Entertainment. In the second part we will discuss both the horizontal and vertical processes Stage Entertainment is involved in and argue why one of these should be considered more important to Stage Entertainment’s overall sustainable competitive advantage. Stage Entertainment is the brainchild of the Dutch creative entrepreneur Joop van den Ende (born 1942). Stage Entertainment is the result of a merger of several other entertainment companies owned and run by Van den Ende and was incorporated in 1999. It has seen rapid international expansion and is now active in 9 countries, employing 4000 people. The turnover is €600 million (Nispen, M. van, Jaekele S. and Charrington, J, 2009). Van den Ende describes the strategy of Stage Entertainment as a strategy consisting of three elements (Nispen et al 2009): 1. Venues: programming and managing a network of venues across Europe (i.e. theatres) 2. Productions: presenting a wide range of existing...
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...Leadership Individual Paper: The Leadership of Hartley Peavey Hesston L. Johnson William Woods University Abstract During the beginning years of blues, a southern Mississippi man emerged to become the founder and CEO of one of the worlds leading musical product manufacturers. As a young man, Hartley Peavey desired to be a musician. With his father unable to afford a guitar, Hartley Peavey built his own and started what would become a long line of products that he would soon have to offer at Peavey Electronics. After some advice from a store manager, Peavey began to take off. Hartley built his legacy on a great product at a great price. Today, Peavey still operates as one of the only independently-owned music product companies and does so on a global scale. This result came through leadership styles such as: achievement leadership, participative leadership, consultative leadership, and entrepreneurial leadership. With strong leadership styles such as these, Hartley has led an organization that continues to be a leader in the industry by developing new products, implementing new practices and ideas to set the standard. His leadership creates an environment that fosters growth, teamwork and leads to a bright future for the Peavey team. The Leadership of Hartley Peavey The History and Birth of Peavey After 46 years of innovation, one man’s dream has become transformed into a world leading corporation in musical products. Today, Peavey Electronics...
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...Critical Article Review Penelope Baxter Adely, Fida, J. (2007). Is Music Haram? Jordanian Girls Educating Each Other About Nation, Faith, and Gender in School. Introduction Fida Adely was a Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of International and Transcultural Studies at Teachers College but as of August 2007, she has been the Hala Salaam Clovis Maksoud Assistant Professory of Arab Studies at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service. Dr. Adely received her Ph.D. in Comparative Education and Anthropology from Columbia University. She is interested in education in the Middle East and Africa, especially areas that pertain to women, gender and culture. In this paper, Adely furthers her research on Jordanian schoolgirls. The abstract clearly states the purpose, the setting, the research design as well as the study’s conclusions and recommendations. The abstract outlines Dr. Adely’s intent to explore the importance of extracurricular activities, more specifically music, in the education of patriotism, faith and femininity in a female high school in Jordan Her qualitative study based on first-hand experience as well as conversation analysis is aimed at both the academic community and the general population interested in socio-cultural perspectives on education in the Middle East. Analysis Throughout her study, Adely builds primarily on her previous work from 2004, however she does cite literature from Kandiyoti (1991) and Ahmed (1992) among others....
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...John Cage as a Pioneer of Avant Garde Theater This paper will consist of analyzing the life of John Cage before and after his involvement with Avant Garde Theater. Therefore, this research paper will focus on how John Cage played a pivotal role as one of the early pioneers of the American Avant Garde Theater. Cage the Artist before the Label John Cage was born in Los Angeles, on Sept 5, 1912; and he passed away in New York, on Aug 12, 1992. Cage was an American composer. In addition, he was one of the "leading figures of the postwar avant garde"(Pritchett, James, et al). The influence of Cage's compositions, writings, and his personality has been widely felt by litany of composers around the world. Pritchett, James, et al, argue that Cage...
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...Research on Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online) Vol.3, No.10, 2013 www.iiste.org African Folksongs as Veritable Resource Materials for Revitalizing Music Education in Nigerian Schools Kayode M. SAMUEL, Ph.D Research Fellow, Institute of African Studies,University of Ibadan,NIGERIA. E mail address: sonatakay@yahoo.com Abstract Some Yorùbá cultural values and expressions embedded in Egbeda-Egga women’s folksongs are the focus of this paper. With the use of in-depth interview and participant-observer methods, a collection, description and interpretation of some of the songs recorded during a field trip were undertaken. Analyses of the women’s repertoire reveal that immediate local environment are overlaid with folksongs which can serve as veritable resource materials useful for effective music teaching as well as tapping and honing learners’ artistic potentials to enhance and transform music performance in the classroom setting and beyond. The paper, therefore, submits that it is high time Nigeria embarked on school reforms and policies to make school music reflect the culture of the local communities. Keywords: Women folksongs, Nigerian schools, Yoruba culture, Ethnomusicological studies Introduction Nigerian music scholars and educators have over time expressed great concern over the state of musical arts education in Nigerian schools and the dwindling fortunes of music education in Nigeria in general (Omojola, 1994; Okafor, 2005 and...
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...Sociological Reflections on High School: a media analysis of Glee The following is a paper I wrote for a sociology class and I have been thinking alot about group dynamics and fitting in and the difference a close knit group of friends can make in one person's life...more on that topic to come. The minority to be analyzed is the subordinate group in the high school environment. More specifically: how can membership in a subordinate group perceived as “bottom of the rung”, enhance the cohesiveness of that socially subordinate group in the adolescent environment, and how does the subgroup attempt to overcome the negative perception imposed on them? The hypothesis being that members of a social group with specific goals, perceived as subordinate and influenced by the social superiority of their peers will bond as a result of common social maltreatment as well as common goals. The results of this study can provide an understanding of the realistic ability for high school aged children to develop healthy relationships despite their subordinate status within their social environment and whether this idea is accurately represented in the media. Literature Review In addressing the concrete definition and study of cohesion, Moody and White explain the ongoing issue of cohesion this way: “Although questions about social cohesion lie at the core of our discipline, definitions are often vague...
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...Alexander Francis ENG 200 November 4, 2013 Prof. Hamann, Erika Thesis: WWII was critical to the degree at which swing influenced the development of American identity; not only through recognition of social inequalities, but furthering the development of a musical identity that still influences the modern sounds of our ever-changing culture. Why Swing Swung What separates you from others can appropriately be deemed as a series of conflict’s, conflict is critical to the development of identity; without conflict the unconscious perception of us, them, we or they would not exist. Humans being naturally prone to argument create a cultural identity designed around the conflicts in which a number of people are affected, in turn allowing people to identify with each other through common grounds; unintentionally creating a communication barrier between them and us. This model although small demonstrates how groups are formed, and can be projected upon the development of a musical identity within America during the Second World War. Possibly seen as the largest conflict in recorded history, World War II set the boundaries for numerous identities; creating a conscious affiliation of differences, people now identified themselves through stereotypes that otherwise would not have developed. Most of these conflicts or stereotypes would happen to be woven inside the United States due to propaganda: a necessary war tool developed to instill a feeling of pride and ensure a feeling of...
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...The Effect of Classical Music on the Reading Comprehension of Iranian Students Nasser Rashidi Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Email: Nrashidi@rose.shirazu.ac.ir Farman Faham Shiraz University, Iran Abstract—The influence of music on language learning and performance has been the subject of study for many years. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of classical music (Mozart Sonata) on the reading comprehension performance of two groups of Iranian students in an English institute in Iran. To this end, the study compared two groups of Iranian English students (N=60) over a period of three months: one was taught reading comprehension with a music background and the other with no music background whatsoever. The results of the study showed a significant difference between the performance of the group exposed to music and the performance of the other group not exposed to music. The group taught reading comprehension with a music background outperformed the other taught it with no music background. Index Terms—reading comprehension, music, background music, classical music, Mozart sonata I. INTRODUCTION The use of music as a tool by language teachers to teach foreign languages has been the center of attention to researchers for many years. That is why in the literature we can see different, but mostly positive comments concerning the effectiveness of music in language learning and performance. It has been stated that music can contribute to...
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...audiences with his stunning high notes, gorgeous melodies and soul-stirring rhythms. Ground-breaking recordings such as “West End Blues” changed the face of music. But by all accounts, his live performances were even more amazing. Both as a trumpet player and a singer, Armstrong routinely performed musical feats that no other musician could match. His charismatic stage presence and daring improvisations cemented his status as an American master (Robbins 23). His recordings with the Hot Fives and Hot Sevens are considered the most important in jazz history (The Complete Hot Five and Hot Seven Recordings, Remastered). In this research paper, I attempt to trace the history of Louis Armstrong’s musical development, beginning with his early years in New Orleans, on through to his life on the road as a traveling musician, and, finally, to his last years in New York. Childhood in New Orleans Louis Armstrong was born in New Orleans in 1901. His family was extremely poor, so poor that young Louis had to work from a very early age in order to help put food on the table. [Add more about Louis Armstrong’s early life in New Orleans.] First Cornet Young Louis was surrounded by music in New Orleans. Dance halls and street parades featured a host of talented musicians, from which he could learn a great deal. However, he might not have become a truly disciplined musician without the guidance of several teachers he encountered at a school for poor boys (Robbins 35). At school, he played the cornet...
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...and Latin American Studies Minor: Spanish Overall GPA 3.875; Honors each semester Study Abroad: Bogota, Colombia - January 2012 Related Experience Library Assistant, Cervantes Library, ABC University Sept. 2009 - present Assist students with research best practices Designed a presentation, published to University website, outlining how to most effectively use all of ABC University's library facilities in undertaking a basic research project Perform general administrative duties to support professional staff Founder and leader, Harry Potter Book Club, New York, NY Jan. 2009 - present Discuss the origins of one theme from the Harry Potter series with roots in classical mythology or parallels to modern history each week with middle school students Supply external primary sources, teach students how to make connections between these documents and the work of fiction Bring the conversation to modern day events and lessons applicable to students' everyday lives Hold weekly readings by middle schoolers open to younger children for half an hour before each discussion Intern, Calles y Sueños Cultural Space, Bogotá Spring 2011 Helped design and implement programs in which community-based artists traveled to schools to work with children, teaching them about expression through art Assisted in teaching complimentary English lessons to community members English Tutor, Queens, NY Jan. 2010 – May 2010 Assisted student in writing and proofreading essays, focusing on...
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...This paper explores the human brain and what happens when a traumatic event disturbs the chemical balance or calibration of its functions. The writings of Nadia Harris and Adam Piore (2013) explore these questions by studying and observing the journey of Derek Amato an individual that had unique adverse effects following a brain injury, in this case a concussion. The work of John Powell (2001) aids this exploration by defining and describing symptoms, treatment and other effects of concussions. This paper goes over the origins of Amato’s accident, the preceding symptoms, the after effects, the treatment and the successful nature of such things. This paper also discusses the region of the brain affected loosely, while bringing up...
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...characteristics of traditional and new music. Gives a brief biography of selected contemporary Philippine composers. Sings selections of contemporary music with appropriate pitch, rhythm, style, and expression. Explores ways of creating sounds on a variety of sources. Improvises simple vocal/instrumental accompaniments to selected songs. Creates a musical on the life of a selected contemporary Philippine composer. Evaluates music and music performances using knowledge of musical elements and style. From the Department of Education curriculum for MUSIC Grade 10 (2014) 88 All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. Contemporary Philippine Music CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE MUSIC A ccording to National Artist Ramon Santos, PhD, “contemporary music in the Philippines refers to compositions that have adopted ideas and elements from 20th century art music in the west, as well as the latest trends and musical styles in the entertainment industry.” The modern Filipino repertoire consists of musical pieces that have been written in 20th century idioms that have evolved out of such stylistic movements as impressionism, expressionism, neo-classicism, as well as avant garde and new music. New music are compositions which are improvisational works such as the early compositions of Dr. Ramon Santos, Radyasyon and Quadrasyon;...
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...This is my paper. I hope you like it. It was hard to write. Spider-Man is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics existing in itsshared universe. The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and writer-artist Steve Ditko, and first appeared in the anthology comic book Amazing Fantasy #15 This is some new stuff that I am now writing. When Comic boOks were accused of causing crime, many, many people wanted to ban comic books, comic books are not the reason kids are mean and violent. Or breaking the law. Or just being all around jerks. That’s whats inside, tnot what is from comci books . First, when Spider-Man originally appeared in the 1960s, adolescents in superhero comics were usually relegated to sidekick...
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