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1. How ARP help delivery of frames between stations in a Local Area Network (LAN)?

ARP is to obtain the physical address for the logical address. When an Ethernet frame is sent from one host on a LAN to another, it is the 48-bit Ethernet address that determines for which interface the frame is destined. Address resolution provides a mapping between the two different forms of addresses: 32-bit IP addresses and whatever type of address the data link uses.

1. The application, the FTP client, calls the function gethostbyname to convert the hostname into its 32-bit IP address. This function is called a resolver in the DNS (Domain Name System). 2. The FTP client asks its TCP to establish a connection with that IP address. 3. TCP sends a connection request segment to the remote host by sending an IP datagram to its IP address. 4. IP datagram is sent to a host or router on a locally attached network. 5. The sending host must convert the 32-bit IP address into a 48-bit Ethernet address. 6. ARP sends an Ethernet frame called an ARP request to every host on the network. This is called a broadcast. 7. The destination host's ARP layer receives this broadcast, recognizes that the sender is asking for its hardware address, and replies with an ARP reply. 8. The ARP reply is received and the IP datagram that forced the ARP request-reply to be exchanged can now be sent. 9. The IP datagram is sent to the destination host.

2. Why layer are needed / important for the transmission of data in the network?

The layer are important for the transmission of data in network because each layer of the model communicates with an adjacent level. Each layer therefore uses the services of the lower layers and supplies them to that of the upper layer. During a transmission, data crosses each one of the layers at the level of the originator

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