...Runninghead: THE SEVENTIES AND NIXON’S LEGACY The Seventies and Nixon’s Legacy Carlos Michael Padilla HIST145: The American Experience Since 1945 Marvin Frohock March 5, 2008 The Seventies and Nixon’s Legacy “Streaking to the 1970s” was a phrase a group of former high school students made up as they reminisced about the butt dancing, cheek planters, also known as the BBITNs (pronounced BEE-bittens), which meant buffalo buffs in the nude who dashed brazenly, almost daringly across a playing field, the heart of a school campus, and even across a television screen during a major award ceremony. Such was the decade that preceded the conformity and complacency of the 1950s, and the sexual revolution and cultural renaissance that echoed during the 1960s. The decade of the 1970s ushered in the resignation of a president, the ending of a major Southeast Asian conflict, and the birth of two new forms of youth culture identity – streaking and disco. The 1970s began with the Beatles releasing Let It Be, which would be their last album, the Kent State shooting involving the death of the four students, the conviction of Charles Mansion for the murder of actress Sharon Tate, and the conviction of American soldiers for killing entire towns of Vietnamese villagers. This action marked the beginning of the end for America’s support of the American soldier. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War lasted between 1959 and 1975, ending with...
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...Throughout the decades, notably from the 1970s to the present, America has experienced its changes through the influence of hip-hop culture. Cultural hip-hop talks about real-life experiences of subjects such as gangster mafia violence, drugs, degrading of women, and many other realistic, pessimistic values, whether the artist has experienced those situations or not. Currently, the public has opened their ears to a whole new level by listening to the ludicrous lyrics of some of the mediocre, modern-day hip-hop and rap artists. Due to much of the publicity, some of these artists are put on such a high pedestal that they go to extremes by acting out their music and wind up being horrible role models, ruining the names they made for themselves. On the other hand, some artists in hip-hop culture see a political trend form and decide to incite it with heart-grasping lyrics that pertain to the governmental issues. From the 1970s to current times, there is a pattern emerging that Americans are willing to listen to politically subjected songs that hip-hop artists have written as signs of political trends. America’s changes through hip-hop culture have had some influences on the government and public as a whole through significantly realistic lyrics, violence, and trend-setters. Since 1979, when Sugarhill Gang came out with “Rapper’s Delight”, hip-hop music has been “all the rage” for about three decades (Blanchard 1). Hip-hop came from the different genres of jazz, gospel,...
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...Which Subcultures influence to modern fashion 1 Contents. Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………......4 Chapter 1. Cholo subculture………………………………………………………………...4 Chapter 2. Psychedelia of hippies……………………………………………....5 Chapter 3. Bloomers. Sport style………………………………………………..7 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………..10 List of references…………………………………………………………………………………10 List of figures………………………………………………………………………………………11 2 Abstract Fashion is dynamic - it constantly changes. Moreover, some people choose the behavior or lifestyle influenced by fashion trends. Each subculture strive to create their own, such as to disassociate itself from the conventional, to preserve its originality and identity. However, some subcultures have other, and creating their own distinctive culture, they develop and enrich human culture in general. This article examines the relationship between few subcultures and the currently fashion through an analysis of Cholo subculture, psychedelia of hippie and sport style. Since the time of 20s century designers drew inspiration from street fashion and various subcultures that have their own unique style. 3 Introduction According to the 'Oxford English Dictionary online' defines a...
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...In everyday life we are surrounded by consumption. We buy items every day, we pass millions of shops on our way home and see every other person carrying a branded shopping bag. So what exactly do we mean by consumption? The everyday use of the term nowdays states that 'consumption' is about 'use'. In postomodern accounts, cultural consumption is seen as being the very meterial out of which our identites are being construct – we become what we consume. Mackay (1997, p.4) In the 20 th century mass production has led to the commodification of culture, with the rise of cultural industries. Consumption serves the interests of manufactures seeking greater profit, and citisens have become the passive victims of advertisers. Mackay (1997, p.5) Boudreillard has a theory about consumer commodities. In late capitalism they developed the capacity to take up a wide range of symbolic associations which overlay their initial use-value and hence become comodity signs which leads to the loss of a sense of reality.Featherstone (1991,p. 56). Commodities came to lack authenticity and met ' false needs' . Consumers began to have a passive role , be manipulated, rather than creative and active beings. Karl Marx in his theory of capitalism says that production is for the market and for profit. Veblen's in his reaserch explains how goods are used as symbolic markers of social status, and how consumption is for the purpose of imprassing others.Mackay (1997, p.4) In 1984, Bourdieu provides a seeing...
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...differing struggles to overcome. The Harlem Renaissance was sparked by the Great Migration from 1919 – 1926 in which African Americans began moving to northern cities to find employment and a better way of life. The musicians of this era were very influential in renewing the culture and history of the United States. Jazz, race, and class divided Harlem and New York cities. Some historians have said the best way to understand the Harlem Renaissance is by understanding the music (http://historyoftheharlemrenaissance.weebly.com/index.html; www.1920s-fashion-and-music.com/Harlem-Renaissance-1920s.html). With the roots of jazz coming from slave songs, it is truly an African-American invention. This newly formed music utilized the dissonant “blue” note. This modification to the to the standard major scale allowed the musician to play the note flat; usually the third, fifth, or seventh note of the scale. Music critic Sidney Finkelstein stated, “It expresses the hope and struggle for freedom, the vitality which enables a people to wrest joy out of misery and to assert the triumph of human beings over the obstacles that would grind them down.” ("MindEdge," 2014) Jazz was the sound of the 1920’s; with the Roaring Twenties, individuality blossomed along with the pure jazz sounds from Harlem. Nightclubs began opening in New York. Many black musicians were employed to perform in these New York nightclubs, but none were allowed admittance (Hilliard, 2014). Per Ted Giogia, “Middle-class...
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...behind the scenes, the local groups and individuals, who set the stage for these legal amendments to be possible? The Civil Rights Movement was one of the most significant events in the modern history of the United States that has formed the basis of many of its core values and laws today. The Civil Rights Movement unofficially ended with the passing of the long awaited “1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act” which legally saw an end to the racial discrimination faced by African Americans. However the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement has “undergone some serious revision” since 1965 as it ‘gained popular appeal.’ Initially the Civil Rights Movement was “romanticized” and considered to be a “heroic narrative of moral purpose and personal courage by which great men and women inspired ordinary people to rise up and struggle for their rights” such as the famed Martin Luther King, who was painted as the ‘driving force behind the movement’ ,President Lyndon Johnson and Kennedy and organisations such as ‘The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People’ (NAACP) This idea of the federal government, prominent leaders and organisations playing the defining role in the passing of these bills soon became less plausible in the 1970’s and 1980’s as the “second generation of scholars suggested that the focal point for investigation should shift to local communities” and the ordinary people, commonly known as “grass roots activists” who staged...
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...clothing retail companies of the world in this thesis. These two giants are dominating apparel retailing market nowadays with their simple and attractive with high level quality of clothes. We will try two analyze working culture, business performance and history, competition and geographic dominance of two clothing retailer giants. Years before two small stores opened and they succeed to dominate market with their modern style and different business doing. • Zara has already changed the fashion industry. - Business Insider Zara is most #58 biggest brand in the world according to Forbes. • America's largest apparel retailer is embarking on a turnaround plan to recapture cool customers. - Business Insider Gap inc is #745 Gap biggest brand in the worlds according to Forbes Zara shops followed swiftly in New York in 1989, Paris in 1990. Now the group has nearly 3,900 stores in 70 countries around the world. Gap has 3,100 stores globally and employs about 150,000 people. A Gap spokeswoman declined to comment on the loss of the top spot to Zara. Let's check analyses of these two giants with full provided information. Firstly take brief tour to their history and about founders. Brief History of Brands Fashion giant, Zara, forms part of the retail group ‘Grupo Inditex’ which Mintel (2007) acknowledges as one of the “largest, fastest growing and successful” clothing retailers across Europe. Grupo Inditex is formulated by an amalgamation of major high street...
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...KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN Faculty of Accountancy, Finance & Business Academic Year 2014/2015 ( SEMESTER 1 ) Executive Summary Marks & Spencer is a company which had a history of 56 years and operating till now. The co-founder is actually Michael Marks and later joined by Thomas Spencer in 1894 to create Marks & Spencer. The main product which produced by Marks & Spencer is clothing line and then expand to food industries. Marks & Spencer are successful because of they know how to apply the sourcing strategies within their supplier around the world. There are two types of strategies implemented by Marks & Spencer, combination of in-house and third party manufacturing for food s line and third party contracting or sourcing for clothing section. Tesco is the choice from us to compete with Marks &Spencer; Tesco had their own sourcing strategy to compete with their rival within the same industries line such as group food sourcing (GSF) and regional supply base making the right product at affordable pricing. Tesco do developed its own brand which is cheaper in price and better qualities control. The last sourcing Strategies is Sourcing global, which they have contract with the supplier around the world. The sourcing strategy for Marks and Spencer has disadvantages and advantages which affect the company performance. Lastly, we recommended enhancement in their sourcing strategy by comply with China supplier in Clothing line or green field investment...
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...from an objective orientation. We can trace a progression however throughout the 19th and 20th century in the apparent evolution of social scientific theory from objective through to more subjective approaches. The question remains though, does the theory accurately reflect change in society or does the 'perspective' of theory and theoretical approach of the researcher only tease out particular aspects of a social phenomenon. By holding the topic of subculture constant, social scientific theory can be put into question. This essay examines subcultures from the 1950's to the present in order to revisit assumptions about theory. The Punk subculture is examined specifically through semiotic analysis within a broader Sociological framework in order to find out what a more subjective approach to theory over this time period can reveal. In the past, subcultural theory described subcultures as fairly uniform and static. Theorists referred to the 1960's and 1970's within a Modern paradigm which objectivist in nature understood subculture as a problem to be fixed. Subcultural delinquency was seen as noise and as unnatural. More recent subcultural theory describes subcultures as transient, informal and hybrid. But subcultures have always been about’ youth, about times of economic uncertainty, employment pressures and reliant on class distinction (Van Krieken et al. 2006, pp517-518). Meanwhile, in Postmodern society we see the so called 'disappearance' of subcultures which have become dispersed...
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...law that was passed, soon after the 9/11 attacks, go too far in the name of national security? Are the seizures, wiretaps, and physical searches that are required to have probable cause sometimes overlooked? In several cases, outlined in this essay, our government has performed unpatriotic acts in the name of “national security” and has repeatedly challenged the very foundation of our constitutional freedoms. Fundamentalist groups and terrorists within them have been around for decades. Our government has the ability to monitor them, both here and abroad, and determine if there will be another threat against our Nation. Where is the balance between civil rights and national security? On October 26, 2001, President George W. Bush signed into law the Patriot Act with an overwhelming majority from Congress. The law was intended, in Bush’s words, to “enhance the penalties that will fall on terrorists or anyone who helps them.” ("George W. Bush Signs The Patriot Act", n.d. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/george-w-bush-signs-the-patriot-act). The bill broadly expanded law enforcements ability to investigate and perform surveillance and altered more than 15 different statues that had been in place since the early 1970’s. This law was enacted in great haste and does not provide a check and balances approach to safeguard the American citizens’ civil liberties. The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution protects the right of the people to be secure in their own persons...
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...Eduardo Angeles History 202A – 02 Dr. Dennis Freed Slaves As a result of the transatlantic slave trade coming to an end and the efforts of the American Colonization Society; the country of Liberia was founded by former slaves who were seeking settlement in Africa. Before the 1830s, those white Americans willing to contemplate an end to bondage almost always coupled calls for abolition with the colonization of freed slaves— their deportation to Africa, the Caribbean, Or Central America. In 1816, the proponents of this idea founded the American Colonization Society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. It soon established Liberia on the coast of west Africa, an outpost of American influence whose capital, Monrovia, was named for Pres. James Monroe. (Foner, GML, 444) In the years preceding the Civil War, thousands of black Americans went to Liberia. Many of them were slaves emancipated by their owners on the condition that they depart, while others left voluntarily motivated by desire to spread Christianity in Africa or to enjoy rights denied them in the United States. (Foner, GML, 444) The ACS’s reasons for working to bring a halt to the slave trade had to deal with a humanitarian, social, and religious basis. Once the slave trade had ended, there was somewhat of a stigma that led people to believe that freed blacks in America were potentially harmful and dangerous for others. It was believed that...
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...who cant deal with chaos, such as stock market crash or 1929-Insecurity Anomie: When society’s norms are questions, much social change, Society is rapidly changing Institutions are weakened, family, religion. Gender norms are questioned; values and belief systems are questioned Theory of structural functionalism 1 If a structure exists in society its because its functional, the social structure exists because it works Social structures: anything external to people that has ways of affecting us, like religions, schools, Any pattern of social organization external to people that has a way of influencing us. Example: Family Peers Media Religion School Exams Laws Marriage 3. This theory explains that society s a large social system with inter relation parts, all working together for a reason 4. If something in society...
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...Anna Munoz Dr. Jones DISC 1313 December 4, 2015 Music and The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s All forms of Black music, from jazz to rock and roll, played an important part in the Civil Rights Movement. The songs were sung for multiple purposes and played a critical role in inspiring, activating, and giving voice to the people involved. The evolution of music during the early 1950’s and 1960’s in the Black freedom struggle reflects the evolution of the Civil Rights Movement itself. The progressive thought of the 1950s nurtured new ideas and cultures including the Civil Rights Movement and the fast spread of rock and roll. One such cultural revival occurred after the end of World War II during a time of change, prosperity and restoration. The “Puritan dicta” outlined by Baldwin represents the American ideology before the Second World War. As the first settlers of this nation, the Puritans set the mold for many common American ideologies. In the Puritan view white represented good and black represented evil, including Africans and their culture. After the war, Baldwin states that the former puritanical views of whites will be challenged. Musicians such as Elvis Presley were the first to issue this challenge to white society. Early rockers like Elvis would pave the way for social commentary in music that would add much fire to the Civil Rights Movement. To fully understand the explosion of popularity of Black music in the years following World War II, one must understand...
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...Business in China Individual Assignement George William Fisher Table of Contents Write an Individual Essay on business or business cultures in Japan. Give a detailed argumentation for your descriptions. 2 Japan Business Background 2 Meiji era 3 End of the Second World War 3 The Economic Miracle 5 The “Bubble” and the “Lost Decades” 7 SWOT Analysis 9 SWOT Analysis Findings 9 Japanese Industries 10 The Future 11 Reference: 12 Write an Individual Essay on business or business cultures in Japan. Give a detailed argumentation for your descriptions. Japan Business Background Despite the growth of China and India as both regional and global economic super-powers, Japan remains a major force in world status with leading players in sectors such as banking and finance, software, automotive and pharmaceuticals. and it would be unwise to switch attention away from this potentially lucrative market. The approach that the Japanese people make to business is determined by their historical values and their society as a whole. Japan has the world’s third largest economy, with a very strong democratic setup and stable macroeconomic policies. There were many historical events that took place, which had a large effect on the economic development of the country. Meiji era This era of Japan’s history, which ran from 1868 to 1912, symbolised the shift of Japanese society from being isolated to becoming its modern form. The...
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...Import Substitution and Industrialization in Latin Amercia: Experiences and Interpretations Author(s): Werner Baer Source: Latin American Research Review, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Spring, 1972), pp. 95-122 Published by: The Latin American Studies Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2502457 Accessed: 26/08/2009 09:21 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=lamer. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The Latin American Studies Association...
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