...Ethical Hacking Essay Introduction Almost 90 percent of our society now depends on complex computer based system. With the increasingly use of computer and explosive growth of the Internet has brought many good things: electronic commerce, online banking, e-mail, video conferencing etc. The improvement of systems security to prevent criminal hacker has become an important concern to society. There are many ways to protect those information systems; it seems that the Ethical Hacking is a better way. Therefore, whether to teach or not teach the "Ethical Hacking" as a course in Tertiary education has become an interesting argument. In this article will analysis the ethical, legal, and ethical implications of this issue. In order to discuss the ethical, legal, and social implications of this issue, one has to understand the definition of Ethical Hacking. The Word Spy states that "Ethical hacking is a computer hacker who attempts to infiltrate a secure computer system in an effort to learn the system's weaknesses so that they can be repaired" (The Word Spy, 2003). The question arises here is whether Ethical Hacking is ethical or unethical. Ethical The "Computer Ethics" states in part that all information belongs to everyone and there should be no boundaries or restraints to prevent disclosure of this information (Johnson, 1994). From most hacker's perspective, freedom of information includes the right to source codes and the programs themselves. This freedom also includes...
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...HACKING Introduction • Hacking is unauthorized use of computer and network resources. • According to Computer Crime Research Center: “It is act of gaining access without legal authorization to computer or computer network.” • Traditionally hacking refers to the hobby/profession of working with computers. • But now a days it refers to breaking into computer systems. History • 1960s – MIT AI Lab – Ken Thompson invented UNIX – Positive Meaning • 1980s – Cyberspace coined – 414s arrested – Two hacker groups formed – 2600 published • 2001 – In one of the biggest denial-of-service attack, hackers launched attacks against eBay, Yahoo!, CNN.com., Amazon and others. • 2007 – Bank hit by “biggest ever” hack. Swedish Bank, Nordea recorded nearly $1 Million has been stolen in three months from 250 customer account. Types of hackers Knowledge based: • Coders • Admins • Script kiddies Legality based: • Black hat hacker • White hat hacker • Grey hat hacker Script Kiddies: – who use scripts or programs developed by others to attack computer systems and networks and deface websites.[ Phreak – Person who breaks into telecommunications systems to [commit] theft Cyber Punk – Recent mutation of … the hacker, cracker, and phreak White hat hacker who specializes in penetration testing and in other testing methodologies to ensure the security of an organization's information systems. Black hat hacker A black hat is the villain or bad guy, especially in a western...
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...Internet. Cybercrime, or computer crime, focuses on the information stored in electronic media, which is why it is sometimes referred to as information technology crime or info crime. This can be anything from downloading illegal music file to stealing money from online bank accounts. Cybercrime can also include non-monetary offenses, such as creating and distributing viruses on other computers or posting business information on the Internet that is meant to be confidential. There is no boundaries or jurisdictions when it comes to cybercrime ŞTEFAN, I. (2011). Below is three known cybercrimes though there are many more cybercrimes in the past and the future these are just a few. This cybercrime is considered being the biggest attack in US history. Five hackers hacked into companies like NASDAQ, Visa Inc., J.C. Penny Co, Jet blue airways Co, and Carrefour SA. They caused over 300 million to these companies. The hackers primarily wanted to steal and sale the 160 credit card numbers they stole from the companies. Authorities say each man had their own role, two hacked networks, another mined them for data, another provided anonymous web-hosting services to hide the group’s activities, and the last person sold the stolen data and distributed the profits. The suspects were caught because they sent each other instant messages saying if the hacks were successful, one man used google news alerts to see if his attacks had been discovered. All five of these men are from Russia and Ukraine...
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...iPad’s Security Breach Samantha Phillips Dr. Prakash G. Menon BUS 508: The Business Enterprise May 29, 2011 Justifying Hacking into a Web site In 2010, McDonald’s said that customer information was exposed after a security breach involving an email marketing managing firm. McDonald’s released a statement explaining that information was obtained by an “unauthorized third party”, but added that financial information and social security numbers were not part of the data accidentally exposed. (Security Magazine, 2010) A security breach exposed iPad owners including dozens of CEOs, military officials, and top politicians. They, and every other buyer of the cellular-enabled tablet, were vulnerable to spam marketing and malicious hacking. The breach, which came just weeks after an Apple employee lost an iPhone prototype in a bar, exposed the most exclusive email list on the planet, a collection of early-adopter iPad 3G subscribers that includes thousands of A-listers in finance, politics and media, from New York Times Co. CEO Janet Robinson to Diane Sawyer of ABC News to Mayor Michael Bloomberg. It even appears that White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel's information was compromised. In fact, it is believed 114,000 user accounts were compromised, although it's possible that confidential information about every iPad 3G owner in the U.S. has been exposed. (Tate, 2010) Earlier this year, the names and e-mails of customers of Citigroup Inc. and other large U.S. companies...
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...Assignment 1: Computer Memory Hacking Albert Pigg| |Mr. De Monte’ Thomason| |CIS106| |05/09/16| Assignment 1: Computer Memory Hacking Hacking of Memory When it comes to the term “hacking” essentially the “hackers” are usually categorized in two categories, “white-hat” and “black-hat.” White-hat refers to the hacker affiliating themselves with light and justice. Black-hat refers to the hacker affiliating themselves with the darker side of the net and with malicious intent. What is “hacking”? Essentially it is accessing, altering, or such manipulation of data while circumventing preventative measures. There is however numerous preventative measures corporations, governments and other private institutions take to secure their data. (Harvey, 1985) Common Tools of a Hacker “To catch a thief, it takes a thief.” We’ve all heard it sometime in life likely. To first take the steps of understanding how to prevent hacking, we must familiarize ourselves with some of their tools. DDOS and DOS Attacks Denial of service attacks are a frequent occurrence on the internet. Often referred to as “DOS attacks”. DOS attacks are initiated by hackers sending packets, or bits of data, very repetitively to the victim’s computer until it is unable to communicate any other packets. (PBS, 2001) One such attack was executed against some big United States companies. On February 8th 2000, “MafiaBoy” or Michael Calce attacked sites such as Yahoo!, CNN, eBay, and E-Trade, with repeated DOS attacks...
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...-Day Hacking Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has created new markets and new opportunities in many areas such as health, education, energy, and the environment. The history of Artificial Intelligence can be traced back to the Greece philosophers who modeled human thinking as a system of symbols [1]. This was the first time someone thought about replicating human thinking. During the 1940s, Connectionism was developed to study the process of thinking. Later in 1950, a man named Alan Turing wrote a paper on how to test a “thinking” machine. His paper was followed in 1952 by the Hodgkin-Huxley model of the brain as neurons forming an electrical network, with individual neurons firing in all-or-nothing pulses. These events, at a conference sponsored by Dartmouth College in 1956, helped to spark the concept of Artificial Intelligence [1]. In recent years, machines have surpassed humans in the performance of certain tasks. Machines are now able to replace...
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...Hacking Describe a negative aspect of ICT’s impact on the information society. Describe how ICT has brought this about and what society is has done in response to it. Abstract Hacking has been and still disease different societies suffer from. The essay aims to provide the reader with knowledge regarding the effects hacking caused to our society, and how the society responded and tried to solve or minimize those effects. Different issues regarding hacking are discussed, such as the motivations that were behind guiding hackers who were at first computer professional to perform unauthorized activities, at the same time a discussion about the types of attacks can be found. The society response to hacking attacks lacks till this moment the ability to stop or completely prevent attacks from happening because as long as security tools are developed, more sophisticated hacking attacks are invented. That’s why we should start to think about hacker’s psychology as the main way to prevent and stop attacks by understanding their needs or desires. Introduction The Oxford English Dictionary defines hacking as “cut or chop roughly; mangle: cut (one’s way)”… to its present definition as “gain unauthorized access (to data in a computer)”. Banks (1997:11) defines hacking as “something that boring mainframe computer operators did to improve performance and battle boredom.” Here banks focuses on boredom as the reason of hacking. A more technical definition of hacking according...
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...Assignment 1: Contrast and compare the cyber hacking laws between the United States, Russian Federation, and the Peoples Republic of China Though, the fact that cyber security hacking is a widely used term, the law, punishment, rules and law are not fully developed yet. First, the cyber hacking laws in three countries are going to be reviewed. The cyber hacking laws of US is also known as “Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) ” was released by the congress in 1986. In the documentation, it provides the laws to protect personal intellectual property on computer. Basically, it says that people should get punishment by accessing an authorized computer. Here, accessing means stealing code, command, and documents; damaging information from a...
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...Cybercrime With everything in society advancing rapidly, it should be of no surprise that technology is now used to commit crimes against other people. Those crimes include identity theft, stealing money, illegal gambling, and cyberstalking. This paper will review cybercrime and the differences there are from traditional crime and it will review the purpose of hackers. There will also be three cases reviewed to help bring light to what kind of cybercrimes are being committed around the world. Differences between Cybercrime and Traditional Crime For an individual to fully understand the difference between cybercrime and traditional crime, the individual needs to understand what cybercrime is. The definition of cybercrime is according to "Oxford Dictionaries" (2014), "crime conducted via the internet or some other computer network" (cybercrime). Cybercrime is committed by hackers with the goal of financial gain in min by stealing personal information(bank information, credit card information, etc) from individuals. Traditional Crime is a considered crimes against the public. There are many different categories for cybercrime but the main four include identity theft, illegal gambling, cyber terrorism, and cyber stalking. Both cybercrime and traditional crime are charged on a state law level; however, there are plenty of federal laws that can be violated through committing cybercrime. The main difference that needs to be known is that when cybercrimes are committed, the...
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...Hacking, a term where someone will be think that it is bad, not good and only think of negativity of that term. This term give several meaning to several people’s understanding and knowledge. First, hacking for computer security, and then hacking for hobbyist and last hacking for programmer subculture. There is the different meaning of hacking based on people understanding but there is also one similarity of all this three meaning, finding out weaknesses in a computer or computer network and exploiting them. The early hacker based on the internet article, wrote by Robert Trigaux, for St. Petersburg Times in 2000, this hacker is in early 1970, John Draper who hack the phone system by blowing a precise tone to ask the system to open the line for long-distance call for free. Nowadays, the internet has become the primary medium to perform business transaction and store the important data. Internet also is a primary medium for hacker to do their job. In a modern ways to make all thing easier, all the of a person can be find in internet nowadays, that make the term privacy is no more important to someone[1]. By using this medium also, a hacker can get an IP of a computer, and can breaking the computer system either to upload or download something from it. In the next paragraph will elaborate more on purpose of hacking, the effect of hacking and the way to prevent hacking. The purposes of hacking that are happen on internet or networking system in entire world today is to steal...
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...HACKING Did you know that hackers exposed 110 million Americans personal information and roughly half of the nation’s adults in the last 12 months alone. 47% of U.S. adults had their personal information exposed by hackers. In December 8 at New Hampshire the hackers are alleged to have collected the credit and debit card data from over 80,000 victims by hacking. China has highest percentage of hackers, is that 41%. Kevin Mitnick, he has the world best hacking recode and he’s known as “black hate”. In now times big multination brands or company offers prize to hack his own brand or company. For Example google offer $2.7 Million prize fund for those that can hack the chrome OS and Apple offers $1 Million. Hackers are problem because of cybercrime, cyber extortion and virus attack. Hackers are problem because of earning money through business (cybercrime) for example transection money, hack data and sell those data to some on else, hack social sites and expose personal information. Cybercrime is on the increase as new technology allows hackers to be even more anonymous and more dangerous when attacking your computer, network or site. The number, type and seriousness of cybercrime attacks have all increased. Black hat hacker claim he can make $15k to $20k an hour and also he claim like that they can hack 300 billion bits of data in second. Black hat says like that “making money by hacking is easier than brushing your teeth”. For example in 2014 international hacking rings...
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...Stanford or MIT. They have good ethics and believe in open source and fixing flaws in programming. Most black hat hackers are criminals and are very powerful. (Glenn 8) Political and personal revenge is a major motivating factor in becoming a true black hat hacker, but the most elite hackers go for the money. Industrial espionage is one of the best paid jobs for a hacker. A typical espionage attacks takes about three weeks and they usually pull in a million dollars a job. Black hats are good at what they do and usually don't get caught. Around 90% of companies reported at least one attack in the last year. Three-fourths of them reported some kind of financial loss because of the attacks, and 19% reported ten or more attacks. Hacking Research Paper Hacking Describe a negative aspect of ICT’s impact on the information...
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...Ethical Hacking 1 Running head: ETHICAL HACKING: Teaching Students to Hack Ethical Hacking: Teaching Students to Hack Regina D. Hartley East Carolina University Ethical Hacking 2 Abstract One of the fastest growing areas in network security, and certainly an area that generates much discussion, is that of ethical hacking. The purpose of this study is to examine the literature regarding how private sectors and educational institutions are addressing the growing demand for ethical hacking instruction. The study will also examine the opportunity for community colleges in providing this type of instruction. The discussion will conclude with a proposed model of ethical hacking instruction that will be used to teach a course in the summer semester of 2006 through the continuing education department at Caldwell Community College and Technical Institute within the North Carolina Community College System. Ethical Hacking 3 Ethical Hacking: Teaching Students to Hack The growing dependence and importance regarding information technology present within our society is increasingly demanding that professionals find more effective solutions relating to security concerns. Individuals with unethical behaviors are finding a variety of ways of conducting activities that cause businesses and consumers much grief and vast amounts annually in damages. As information security continues to be foremost on the minds of information technology professionals, improvements in this area are critically...
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...hypothesis completely. Outline your thesis in Toulmin terms: Despite the negative definition, hacking can be considered both unethical and ethical. -- Claim: Hacking can be ethical. -- Reason(s): There are white-hat hackers who contributed so much to our society. -- Warrant(s): Hacking can be a good thing since there are white-hat hackers. Explain why this argument of definition deserves attention. What is at stake? Why is it important for your readers to consider? When seeing the word “hacker”, the audience automatically picks up the negative vibe. Truth is, not all hackers are bad. The common definition of is that this bad “hacker” gets unauthorized access to someone else’s device. It is this definition that risk ruining...
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...Carolyn Gregoir’s “8 Fascinating Things We Learned About The Mind” highlighted the eight greatest innovations and discoveries on the mind in 2015. These discoveries ranged from new potential treatment for depression to the underlying harms of smartphones. Specifically, the excerpt on erasing memories, titled “Erasing memories could be the future of addiction treatment”, caught my eye the most. The passage seemed promising at first, but it introduced a frightening concept as it progressed. First of all, the title approaches the concept of erasing memories in a hopeful, positive manner by asserting that it could be “the future of addiction treatment”. All in all, addiction treatment is undoubtedly a complex area that needs a substantial amount...
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