Premium Essay

History of Korea China and Japan

In:

Submitted By sangwon92
Words 1720
Pages 7
Throughout the 19th century into the 20th century, the west started to have an increasingly great influence on the other parts of the world. Asia, in particular, was faced with the decision of whether to adopt and conform to the western ways or to reject and stick with their traditional ways of life. In the end, Asia adapted to ways of the western “devils”, but most of their efforts seemed unsuccessful while others were quite successful. The main countries that experienced the western influence were China, Korea and Japan. Although all three countries experienced their share of internal and external strife, China and Korea’s modernization efforts were, in comparison to Japan, unsuccessful. The reason for this was because Japan was able to fully utilize their resources and take advantage of the opportunities that they were presented with in Asia, whereas China and Korea were occupied with internal and external conflicts. Although China and Korea weren’t total failures, the Land of the Rising sun overshadowed them. China’s first experience with western imperialism is seen in the 1830’s when they had conflict with the spread of opium and the dwindling of silver within the country. China wished to stop both these events so when they confiscated supplies of opium from British traders, the British government used its newly developed military power to make their dissatisfaction known to the Chinese. This, along with other factors, led to the First Opium War (1839-1842). The result of this was the Treaty of Nanjing, which gave the British Hong Kong and allowed them to stop the trade monopoly of the Canton System. This treaty ultimately led to the Second Opium War (1858-1860), because of the reluctance of the Chinese government to abide by the terms of the treaty. This event also ended with essentially a British victory. The Treaty of Tianjin allowed westerners free

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Comparing Korea to Japan

...1. Introduction Korea and Japan have close relationship ever since their ancient histories to this day. Because of this reason, their economic growth and development have similarities but on the other hand, due to their different characteristics, they also have differences. This paper will discuss some of the two countries’ major characteristics including geographic, social, and political characteristics and look at their histories and economies. 2. Geography Korea - Korea extends about 1,000 kilometers to the south from the northeast part of the Asian continent. It consists of the Korean Peninsula and over 3,400 islands. Since 1945, as a result of the WWII, Korea has been divided into North Korea, and South Korea. The total area is 221,607 square kilometers. South Korea owns 99,237 square kilometers and 45% of the total land, while North Korea owns 122,370 square kilometers, the remaining 55%. Korea is mostly consisted of mountain range with 70 percent. The Mountains Taebaek connects the full length of the east coast. Japan - Japan has four main islands - Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku, and Kyushu - and more than 3,000 small islands cover an area of 377,727 square kilometers. These islands extend over 3,000km in total length, and it spreads about 300km in width. Japan is covered with mountains about three-fourths of the national land. Mt. Fuji divides the center of Honshu with 3,000-meter high, the main island. Japan has around 200 volcanoes, among them about 60 volcanoes...

Words: 2111 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Under the Black Umbrella and Japanese Colonization of Korea

...The Japanese occupied Korea in 1910 after many years of struggle between different countries. Throughout the centuries there were multiple events that lead to this colonization. The events became disordered in 1864, when King Kojong ascended to the throne. He was too young, so his father Taewon-gun became the de facto ruler. His goals were to re-establish the power of the government, develop a policy of national exclusionism and continue to persecute the Catholics. During his rule, western men came in search of trade, but the Taewon-gun refused them. Japan repeatedly made attempts to establish political relations with Korea but they continually refused. In return the Japanese declared war on Korea. Meanwhile, the Taewon-gun felt as if he was an enormous financial burden on the people, so he handed over his power in 1874 to Kojong. When Kojong was in power he followed his father’s actions and refused to sign the treaties. This provoked Japan to fire on Korea and forced them to sign. The treaty then opened ports for Japan to trade and gave Japanese power in the south. The growing Japanese presence in Korea upset the rulers of China. Confrontation between Japan and China eventually broke out war in 1884. Japan emerged victorious and the two aggressors signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which recognized Japanese domination in Korea. Russia had a dream of southward expansion in East Asia, and with Japan’s dominance in the peninsula it was slowly becoming impossible. They then...

Words: 1229 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Japan's Imperial Grand Strategy (1868 - 1945)

...History of International Relations – HIR THE ESSAY Student Name: Hoang Phuong Student ID: DVB07- 0097 - 2014 Tutor: Prof. John Welfield Topic: Why did the leaders of the Meiji government in Japan decide to construct a great empire in Asia? Analyse the implementation of Japan’s Imperial Grand Strategy during the Meiji, Taisho and early Showa eras (i.e 1868 – 1945). Why did Japan’s imperial project end in disaster? What lessons can be draw? Word count (excluding references): 3857 The world in 19th century had seen the breakdown and collapse of numerous empires and kingdoms of Europe and Asia: first The Holy Roman Empire in 1806, then the defeat of Waterloo (1815) - which marked the end of Napoleonic Era, moreover, 19th century also witnessed the decline of the Ottoman Empire. On the other hand, this paved the way for other nations like England, France, Russia or China, to rise as new powers. During that time, Japan had dynamic political changes - the hundred-years-peace concreted by the Tokugawa Shogunate could not last any longer as the spread of Western imperialism was becoming larger in Asia. Therefore, the government of the Meiji realized that: Japan should become an Empire and emerge as the paramount Asian power along with her European counterparts, to maintain the balance of power so as to develop its national interests–...

Words: 4364 - Pages: 18

Premium Essay

The Importance Of Instructional Communication

...established relationships between teacher confirmation and student motivation, the following hypothesis are put forth regarding these relationships: H1: Teacher confirmation is positively related to student motivation in Korea, Japan, and China. Culture and Educational Systems in China, Korea, and Japan The effectiveness of teacher confirmation varies in different cultures (Goodboy, Bolkan, Myers, & Zhao, 2011; Zhang & Oetzel, 2006). Neuliep (1997) claimed the cultural context where communication happens has the characteristics that best define human interaction. Therefore, although the effectiveness of instructor behavior has been tested in the US and similar results found in other cultures, such as China (Zhang & Huang, 2008), it is still necessary to study teaching communication from a broader cultural perspective (McCroskey & McCroskey, 2006). In this study, the relationship between teacher confirmation and student motivation in China, Korea, and Japan is studied. These three countries are all East Asian countries and have different educational practices and pedagogy, which influence the relationship development between teacher confirmation and student motivation. Understanding Confucianism is useful to understand the pedagogy and teaching system in China (Alon & McIntyre, 2005). According to the Learning Cubic Model (Boisot & Fiol, 1987), which depicts teaching styles with three dimensions (conceptual versus practical, individual versus collective, and under instruction...

Words: 3491 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

How Did Ww2 Affect Southeast Asia

...wars in history, left an impact on nearly every region of the Earth. The regions of East and Southeast Asia were left devastated with poor economies, war, and pollution. These effects have caused multiple issues post WWII, some still unresolved today. Both areas have faced many trials, but people never mention them. The first changes to occur mainly took place in Southeast Asia. Due to the defeat of the Japanese Empire, these countries became independent, unless their former owner annexed them again. As a consequence of the war and a large amount of debt, the UK, France, the Netherlands, and Germany failed to fund for many of their colonies. This allowed the independence of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, but most importantly, Korea and Vietnam. Though some amount of confusion took place in most of these countries, the most notable ones include Vietnam and Korea. The...

Words: 679 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

The Influence of the Buddhism Expansion on the Creation of Languages

...Expansion on the Creation of Languages In the third century B.C.E., Buddhism appeared in ancient China. But it was not until later in the first century A.D. that there was more of a regularity in the religion being practiced. Buddhism was greatly and strongly opposed by the Taoists, another religion occupying China at the time. However, over the course of many centuries, the two religions began to coexist without to much aggression towards each other. Over time, both religions also began to borrow ideas from one another. According to the philosopher Chu Hsi, “Buddhism stole the best features of Taoism; Taoism stole the worst features of Buddhism. It is as though one took a jewel from the other, and the loser recouped the loss with a stone.” Nevertheless, both religions and later Christianity expanded throughout China, and eventually made their way along with explorers and warriors into modern day North Korea, South Korea, and then into Japan. The languages throughout these four countries developed along with the religions, proving that the spread of Buddhism, Taoism, and Christianity throughout China and the surrounding countries was a great influence on the creation of the modern day Korean and Japanese languages and writing systems. The Japanese language had no writing system prior to the introduction of the Chinese writing system, originally used by Chinese people who lived in Japan during the early Christian era. Educated Japanese scholars wrote in Chinese, the earliest evidence...

Words: 911 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

American Involvement Related to Common Problems of China, Japan and North Korea

...AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT RELATED TO COMMON PROBLEMS OF CHINA,  JAPAN AND NORTH KOREA   This paper identifies some common issues that East Asian countries are struggling to deal  with and how they are unique in some aspects and similar in others to problems that Western  nations face.  This paper focuses on the countries of China, Japan and North Korea and look  primarily at the issues that arise from these nations’ struggle to shape their national identity on  the world stage as well as how these nations are dealing with the ever increasing force of  globalization.  This paper also looks at the role that the United States plays in shaping or dealing  with these issues, as well as how an American citizen might play a role in perpetuating or  resolving these dilemmas.  Through this work it should be made more clear what problems East  Asian nations share and reveal that they must deal with them in a way that is both uniquely  domestic but also influenced by factors that arise from the United States and other International  actors.      Common Problems in China, Japan and North Korea and American Involvement  There are two major dilemmas that are addressed in this paper that are shared by these  three nations.  The first can be identified as an issue of International Sovereignty where these  countries all have a vested interest in exerting their will in the international arena but all have  limited ways of making this happen.  Associated with the issue of establishing their sovereignty  ...

Words: 3441 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

How Did Japanese Colonial Policy in Korea Compare to That in Taiwan?

...period, Japan was forced to sign on the unequal treaty, the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, by the United States forces that demanded the opening of five ports for the foreign trade while securing the U.S. diplomatic privilege of extraterritoriality (Tipton, 2002, p.26). This agreement curtailed the Japanese sovereignty for the first time in history, and alerted Japanese politicians to the dangers of further foreign encroachment. After the fierce debates among Japanese intellectuals, they realized ‘Gunboat diplomacy’ is the essence of the international political game. Thus, some of enlightened leaders such as Sakamoto Ryōma (1867) emphasized the necessity of modernize Japan as Western states by strengthening the military and economic power in his writing Eight-Point Program in order to survive in the arena of power politics. This idea was adopted as a center pillar of Meiji Restoration and enabled Japan to build up military power comparable to Western states within a short period of time. However, Japan needed to show its advanced military strength to be recognized as a growing power and to join ranks of powers in international politics (Ebrey, 2009, p.371). Therefore, the Meiji government planned the way to be a ‘regional hegemon’ through military expansion in Asia. It first defeated Qing Dynasty in Sino-Japanese War in 1895 and representatives of both states signed at the Treaty of Simonoseki that included the Article to cede full sovereignty of Taiwan to Empire of Japan in perpetuity...

Words: 2623 - Pages: 11

Free Essay

History Korea

...the eastern end of Asia, between China, Siberia (now part of the Russian Federation), and the islands of Japan. Because of the complex, shifting, and historic relations between these areas, as well as relations with other places such at the United Sates in more recent times, the history of Korea has been told in many ways and is still the subject of hot debate both inside and outside the Koreas. North and South Korea have different versions of the peninsula’s history, both of which differ in detail and perspective from histories written in China, Japan, Russia, and the USA. The following sections, which attempt to outline the history in a balanced way, are based on a variety of materials, including lectures attended in a special workshop on Korean culture at Korea University in the summer of 1997. Map of Korea The overall pattern of development in the history of the Korean peninsula is a process that begins with an unknown number of early tribal groups that populate the peninsula in prehistoric times, wandering out of Siberia and areas to the west. Over time, some of these groups form more complex societies that eventually result in early kingdoms that grow up on the peninsula; in some cases extending westwards into what is now Chinese territory. As time and events unfolded, these kingdoms were unified, though the borders and degree of unity have continued to change over time—down to today. Besides the obvious split between North and South Korea, cultural differences (including...

Words: 13044 - Pages: 53

Free Essay

Ancient Japan

...I.A. The text, “Fujiwara and Murakami Genji as Assistants to Emperors” was written by Chikafusa, a couple of years after the Period Kamakura Japan (1180 to 1133) and went into the Kenmu Restoration period. This period was marked by the rise of militarism that attempted to make Japan a centralized government. During this time the imperial line remained unchallenged and exercised a vast amount of power. In 1333, the Kamakura shogunate was overthrown by warrior forces and Go-Daigo became the emperor . Go-Daigo belonged to a branch of the Fuijiwara house. He believed that the overthrow of the shogunate was a sign to revive what he believed was the most efficient form of government, the direct imperial rule. This period marked by imperial restoration was called “Kenmu Restoration” and lasted until 1336. As competition for power and land rose, the government was unable to stabilize the country. Two key figures Nitta Yoshida and Ashikaga Takauji were the faces to the struggle for power. Since they could not reach consensus Japan was split in two and the “War Between the Northern (Kyoto) and the Southern (Yoshino) Court,” began. Chikafusa did not play a major role in the Kenmu Restoration but did rally for support for the Southern Court among the eastern warriors. Coming from a high-ranking noble family and prominent minister at court, Chikafusa wrote was the author of Jinnō Shōtōki. This work, also known as “Chronicle of the Legitimate Succession of Divines Sovereigns...

Words: 2475 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Ecnomics

...Japan in Asia: A Hard Case for Soft Power by Thomas U. Berger Thomas Berger is an associate professor of International Relations at Boston University. he concept of ‘‘soft power’’—defined by Joe Nye as ‘‘the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than through coercion’’1— has proven a seductive one for Japan. Since the concept was popularized in the 1990s, Japanese scholars and policymakers have enthusiastically taken it up, eagerly exploring how Japan’s soft power resources could be exploited to burnish Japan’s image in the world and help reshape its environment in subtle but important ways. Some—perhaps encouraged by the new attention given to the popularity of Japanese anime and manga, and by the general buzz about ‘‘Cool Japan’’—have even described Japan as a ‘‘Soft Power Superpower.’’2 It sometimes seemed, in more overheated moments, that Pokemon and Sailor Moon would conquer the world, succeeding where the Imperial Army and Navy had failed.3 That soft power would prove attractive is unsurprising. Although Japan has considerable hard power resources, it has shown great reluctance to actually use them in the way that students of international relations would T 1 The idea was originally advanced by in Joseph Nye, Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (New York: Basic Books, 1990). He has since expanded on the concept in Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics (New York: Public Affairs, 2004). 2 See the very useful volume by...

Words: 8400 - Pages: 34

Premium Essay

The North Korea Issues

...United State persisted to solve the North Korean nuclear issue with means of negotiation and pressure rather than military force since 1990s. In Chapter one of the dissertation, a comprehensive history of the North Korean issue would be presented. In this part, the background as well as the process of the North Korea’s nuclear issues development would be presented in detail. Pyongyang decided to started nuclear project with the previous experience and technology it could get due to its increasing sense of isolation and threat from the United State since 1970s. However, American was aware of its ambitions and prevented North Korea from going nuclear through dialogue and normalization of U.S.-North Korean relations. In 1990s, North Korea was persuaded into nuclear nonproliferation obligations as well as Denuclearization Declaration. (Wit, 2004) In1993, the first nuclear crisis out broke with North Korea’s announcement of its intension to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. This movement had increased tension among the countries in Asia. In 2003, the first Six-Party Talk started in Beijing including China, South Korea, Japan, Russia and the United State, which was the negotiation to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue. (Rinehart, 2013) The attitude of North Korea was still tough that the announcement of its ownership of nuclear weapons in 2005 resulted in the second nuclear crisis. The negotiations were still ongoing and the issues seemed difficult to solve...

Words: 915 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Adsl

...are recognized by the International Olympic Committee(IOC) and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Olympic Games.[2][3] In its history, nine nations have hosted the Asian Games. 46 nations have participated in the Games, including Israel, which was excluded from the Games after their last participation in 1974. The last Asian Games was held in Guangzhou, People's Republic of China from 12 November to 27 November 2010. The next Games will be held in Incheon, South Korea. Contents  [hide]  * 1 History * 1.1 Prior formation * 1.2 Formation * 1.3 Crisis, reorganization, expansion * 1.4 Future changes * 2 Participation * 3 Sports * 4 Medal count * 5 Samsung MVP award * 6 List of Asian Games * 7 See also * 8 References * 9 External links | ------------------------------------------------- [edit]History [edit]Prior formation Before the Asian Games were held, there was a gathering known as the Far Eastern Games which was first mooted in 1912 between Empire of Japan, thePhilippine Islands and China. The first Games were then held in Manila in 1913 and ten further gatherings were held until 1934. However, against the backdrop of the second Sino-Japanese War in 1934, in the face of Japan's insistence on including Manchu Empire as competitor nation in the Games, China announced its withdrawal from participation. The Games scheduled for 1938 were cancelled and the organization was discontinued...

Words: 3545 - Pages: 15

Free Essay

Asdfdsa

...Points to know on East Asia Physical geography Topography – where is the Tibetan Plateau, how did it form, why is Japan mountainous and why does it have numerous earthquakes and volcanoes? Tibetan plateau in western china, highest in the world, created by collision of Indian and Asian tectonic plates. Collision of Eurasian plate and pacific plate, and Philippine plate collide between oceanic and continental plate. On the leading edge of the Eurasian plate Climate – what kind of climate characterizes this region, which ends of China are drier/wetter, warmer/colder? Temperate country like the US. Much wetter on the east, western like deserts. Colder in the north, hotter in the south. South more rain(subtropical) Forests – how much of this region has been deforested and why is this the case, where are the remaining forests? Eastern China deforested for farming. Remaining forests- Scattered all over Deserts – where are China’s deserts located and why are they there? Dryer desserts in the west, mostly grasslands. Taklamakan desert. Gobi desert Rivers – what are China’s two main rivers, what have they been used for in the past, what problems do they create, what is the Three Gorges Dam and what it is supposed to do? Yellow, Yangtea . Past used for transportation and irrigation. Problems, Floods ruin population on the banks of river. Grand Canal from north to south (bejing to Hangzhou). Three gorges dam, world’s largest dam for flood control and provide electricity...

Words: 956 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Dark Ages Dbq

...3. How do you think people in Japan, China, and Korea were affected by the trade described here? Explain. Notes: Japan Adapted parts of china and korea's cultures and became more diverse. Secondary The “Dark Ages” is not an appropriate term for the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages many different aspects flourished. New Laws were created, cultures spread, and religions expanded. Within the ten centuries much was accomplished in growing trade throughout Asia and into Europe. In ”The History of Japan” it talks about how trade from China and Korea planted roots of Buddhism and also culture in Japan. Through the trade in Asia many cultures were accepting parts of other cultures to create more elaborate culture in their region. The painting of Joan of Arc shows that God was centered in her battle. The Magna Carta is one of the biggest parts of the Middle Ages. The Magna Carta lays out the foundation of today's democratic government. During the fifth through fifteenth centuries the world flourished and began a new world. The Middle Ages not only Created a...

Words: 676 - Pages: 3