The psychologistSigmund Freud (1856–1939) developed “psychodynamics” to describe the processes of the mind as flows ofpsychological energy (Libido) in an organically complex brain.[2]
The theory supporting psychodynamic therapy originated by the psychoanalytic theory. There are four major schools of psychoanalytic theory, each of which has influenced psychodynamic therapy. The four schools are: Freudian, Ego Psychology, Object Relations, and Self Psychology. Psychodynamic theory is also known as insight-oriented which focuses on the unconscious processes which are manifested and show up in a person’s behaviors. The goals of psychodynamic therapy are a client’s self-awareness and understanding of the influence on past on present behavior.
Cognitive
The term cognitive psychology came into use with the publication of the bookCognitive Psychology by Ulric Neisser in 1967. Cognitive Psychology revolves around the notion that if we want to know what makes people tick then the way to do it is to figure out what processes are actually going on in their minds.
Cognition literally means “knowing”. In other words, psychologists from this approach study cognition which is ‘the mental act or process by which knowledge is acquired.’
Cognitive psychology became of great importance in the mid-1950s. Several factors were important in this: - o Dissatisfaction with the behaviourist approach in its simple emphasis on external behaviour rather than internal processes o The development of better experimental methods o The start of the use of computers allowed psychologists to try to understand the complexities of human cognition by comparing it with something simpler and better understood i.e. an artificial system such as a computer.
The cognitive approach began to revolutionise psychology in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s, to become the
