...Abstract The history of convoy security necessitated design through ingenuity throughout history. By applying initiative and ingenuity, Leaders developed concepts, tactics and vehicle designs to protect their supplies moving throughout their area of operations. This produced innovations from the effective hybrid vehicles developed and used in Vietnam to the common use security platforms used in today’s modern Army. Further dialogue will ensure future doctrine should include funding and discussion. Forgetting the lessons learned, with the lives of Soldiers at stake, would be unconscionable. 3 3 The History of United States Army Convoy Security United States (US) Army doctrine has addressed convoy security since the mid 1800’s. The debate over convoy security operations as a hazardous undertaking of war has been a challenging topic throughout US Army history. The first published discussion of convoy operations described challenges that 19th century convoy commanders had to deal with. To conduct a convoy in safety through an enemy’s territory, where it is exposed to attacks either of regular, or of partisan troops, is one of the most hazardous operations of war; owing to the ease with which a very inferior force may take the escort at disadvantage in defiles (Mahan, 1861, p. 155). The US Army has a history of convoy experience. Most early instances relate to the Indian campaigns conducted prior to and after the Civil War. The American Indian had a completely...
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...Social security was first adopted in the year of 1935. Income security was the main goal of providing social security which is achieved through retirement benefits. The career earnings were the foundation of an individual’s retirement. However replacement of income from the allocated time worked remained the primary foundation of social security. Social Security benefits expanded over the course of time to include benefits which covered the spouses, survivors, and the disabled. An individuals earning history was no longer considered the only source of social security benefits. The marriage history and spouse's earnings history became a additional factors in social security. Social security was originally developed to conform to the baby boom area however the 21st century brought about change. The normal family structure of the 21st century consisted of two working parents. One lifetime marriage was the original purpose of the...
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...The private security industry in the United States, can be traced as far back as the mid nineteenth century, where this type of service was primarily used to help fill the gaps created by public police forces in major cities that were just forming . Ever since man has figured out there was a difference between “mine” and “yours”, there has been a need for private security. Private security is just that, it is a person who is paid to protect property, assets, or even people. Private security is plays a vital role and is essential to ensuring the security and safety of persons and property, as well as intellectual property and sensitive corporate information. The United States for example, adopted private security around the 1700’s. It was said that settlers were first venturing out Westward from the East Coast area and quickly ran into hostile Indian tribes along the way. This also posed a serious threat to their safety and well-being. Over the years the role of private security has changed, from its simplest form of protecting people, property, and information to a more complex form, of individuals and businesses that provide, for a fee, services to clientele to protect their persons, their private property, or their interests from various hazards. Early in its existence, training for private security was almost non-existent or inadequate at best. Over the years, training has greatly improved and with that improvement came strict standards and guidelines. By the 1800’s,...
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...History and Evolution of the Securities and Exchange Commission The Securities and Exchange Commission was created at the conclusion of the Senate Banking and Currency Committee’s 1932–1934 investigation of stock exchange practices, usually called the Pecora Hearings, in recognition of the decisive role played by the committee’s counsel, Ferdinand Pecora.(Macey, 2010) Between September 1, 1929, and July 1, 1932, the value of all stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange shrank from a total of nearly $90 billion to just under $16 billion, a loss of over 80 percent.(Macey, 2010) In a comparable period, bonds listed on the New York Stock Exchange declined from a value of $49 billion to $31 billion.(Macey, 2010) These figures, staggering as they were, fully gauge the extent of the 1929–1932 stock market crash.(Wiesen, 1979) During the post-World War I decade, approximately $50 billion of new securities were sold in the United States approximately half, or $25 billion, would prove near or totally worthless.(Wiesen, 1979) Leading securities, including General Electric, Sears, Roebuck, and U.S. Steel common stock, would lose over 90 percent of their value between selected dates in 1929 and 1932.(Zimmer, 2009) Formally, the purpose of Pecora’s stock exchange hearings was to determine why these staggering decreases in security values had occurred and to propose legislation to prevent another stock market crash. (Wiesen, 1979) The Pecora hearings also had an obvious...
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...Principles of Information Security Sherwin R. Pineda Introduction to Information Security Do not figure on opponents not attacking; worry about your own lack of preparation. Learning Outcomes 嗗Define information security 嗗Recount the history of computer security, and explain how it evolved into information security 嗗Define key terms and critical concepts of information security Introduction 嗗The History of Information Security –The 1960 –The 1970 to 80 –The 1990 –2000 to present The History of Information Security The need for computer security — that is, the need to secure physical locations, hardware, and software from threats arose during World War II when the first mainframes, developed to aid computations for communication code breaking were put to use The History of Information Security 嗗 Multiple levels of security were implemented to protect these mainframes and maintain the integrity of their data. 嗗 Access to sensitive military locations was controlled by means of badges, keys, and the facial recognition of authorized personnel by security guards. 嗗 The growing need to maintain national security eventually led to more complex and more technologically sophisticated computer security safeguards. The History of Information Security During these early years, information security was a straightforward process composed predominantly of physical security and simple document classification schemes. The primary threats to security were physical theft of...
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...ECO 450 WK 4 ASSIGNMENT 1 SOCIAL SECURITY INSOLVENCY To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/eco-450-wk-4-assignment-1-social-security-insolvency/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ECO 450 WK 4 ASSIGNMENT 1 SOCIAL SECURITY INSOLVENCY ECO 450 WK 4 Assignment 1 - Social Security Insolvency Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper that answers the following: 1. Give a brief history of social security. This should be one to two (1-2) pages long. 2. Discuss the cause(s) of the anticipated insolvency. 3. Discuss action(s) the government should take to rescue the fund, why you suggested them and how they will work. More Details hidden... Activity mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of ECO 450 WK 4 Assignment 1 Social Security Insolvency in order to ace their studies. ECO 450 WK 4 ASSIGNMENT 1 SOCIAL SECURITY INSOLVENCY To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/eco-450-wk-4-assignment-1-social-security-insolvency/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ECO 450 WK 4 ASSIGNMENT 1 SOCIAL SECURITY INSOLVENCY ECO 450 WK 4 Assignment 1 - Social Security Insolvency Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper that answers the following: 1. Give a brief history of social security. This should be one to two (1-2) pages long. 2. Discuss the cause(s) of the anticipated insolvency. 3. Discuss action(s) the government should take to rescue the fund, why you suggested them and how they...
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...Instructor Hiring Policies Employees are often referred to as the face of the organization that employs them. This relationship holds true for the private security industry and the personnel who make up the force. Organizations that employ private security personnel have an obligation to provide qualified, well trained, professionals. State and federal regulations regarding licensing, applicant background checks, recruitment methods, and organizational standards are key elements to the hiring process of potential employees. A lack of care in pre-employment vetting can increase of the risk of civil and criminal liabilities for both security personnel and the organization they represent. State and Federal Regulations Private security is a growing industry is that has evolved throughout the years towards a more standardized and regulated profession. This is evident with the increased interest by politicians, legal authorities, and others to increase regulations and standards for the private security industry. Nemeth (2005) highlights the private security profession involves both the status of authority and the inherent responsibilities of such authority. As the industry has increased its reach into more aspects of public life, so has the public demand for regulation of those employed as security personnel. Most states throughout the nation have implemented minimal standards as a means of narrowing the field of employment to the most qualified applicants. Nemeth...
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...Public Policing Versus Private Security Comparison Alan Shank AJS/502 September 9, 2013 Christopher Eberle Public Policing Versus Private Security Comparison Comparing public policing and private is important in the criminal justice field as the criminal justice field moves toward a future of technological changes and the desire to keep the public safe while keeping costs down. To examine these two separate areas of criminal justice they will be broken down to see how each one is structured and the primary goals for each one. Public policing and private security can be used to describe the methods that we use in the world to keep people and their goods safe. First, we will examine Private Security; in its simplest form, the term “private security” refers to the protection of people, property, and information (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Society recognizes that the broader role of private security is for individuals and businesses to pay a fee to protect their persons, private property, or their interests from hazards (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Private Security has developed throughout history along with Public Policing. Private Security has its roots in the middle ages under the system of Feudalism (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Land barons and kings hired retainers (infantrymen)...
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...History of State and Federal Prisons Latoya Morris CJS/230 6/25/2014 Anthony McBride History of State and Federal Prisons History of State Prisons. Today, the state prison systems are based off of the legal reforms in the 18th century, but founded in the 19th century. The state jail has held another name for the recent years which is the Department of Corrections and with that it holds many levels of security that is needed for the separation of different prisoners. The three levels of security are maximum, medium, and minimum security. Each level has a different way of handling and dealing with the inmate and not overstepping boundaries to make sure that inmate is treated accordingly. The state prison also has a lot of security guards. There are programs and society services that help the inmate with rehabilitation such as work release programs and placing them in a halfway house to get them back on their feet and acclimated to society and the communities. History of Federal Prisons. The federal prisons are under the administration of President Hoover in the early 1930s. Federal prisons did exist in the 1890s but there was no core system to make sure that these prisons were being run accordingly. Not many federal crimes were executed till after the civil war, so they really didn’t have a use for a federal prison. The new system was brought up and made up of multiple institutions with thousands of inmates. The federal prison is similar...
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...Social Security and Medicare History Present Configuration Future Projection GERO100 March 31, 2012 Hopefully we will all be physically able to work until the age of 65, collect retirement and Social Security and live an enriching life until we leave this world. Not all companies financially support their employees with fully funded retirement plans so it is left up to the individual to actively participate in saving for their future. When someone reaches retirement age, if the finances are there, they are usually only a fraction of what they were making as a full-time employee. This is when one hopes of having Social Security and Medicare benefits to supplement our retirement income for a more stable financial future. There are several reasons the Social Security Act was passed in August 1935. The elderly were living longer due to the availability of better health care, autonomy in workplaces to make jobs easier on individuals, and the modernization of our country’s water systems. Due to this increased longevity in the lives of the elderly, they were also more poverty stricken. An intention of the passage of the Social Security Act was to reduce the burden of loss of income to retired workers aged 65 or older. (Quadagno, 2008) It also included provisions for unemployment insurance, old age assistance and aid to dependent children. Benefits were to be paid based on the primary worker and was to be funded through payroll taxes deducted from the worker’s...
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...Definition and History of Data Security III. Brief Back Ground of ManTech IV. Current Business Issues V. Proposed Solution VI. Recommendations VII. Conclusion VIII. Work Cited I. Executive Summary With the recent break-in of the ManTech’s network infrastructure, I am providing ManTech’s Executive Committee with information to help them identifying issues and and providing them with for these issues. In the following document we provide: • Definition and History of Data Security • Brief Back Ground of ManTech • Discussion of ManTech’s • Current Business Issues • Proposed Solution This report includes a summary of findings for the ManTech Corporation, research, and appropriate recommendations for appropriate actions that ManTech Executive Committee can use to further their Data Security success. II. History and Definition of Data Security History Since the invention of writing, heads of states and military commanders understood that it was necessary to provide some mechanism to protect the confidentiality of written correspondence and to have some means of detecting tampering. Julius Caesar is credited with the invention of the Caesar cipher ca. 50 B.C. (Caesar’s Cipher - Data Encryption), which was created in order to prevent his secret messages from being read should a message fall into the wrong hands. World War II brought about much advancement in information security and marked the beginning of the professional field of data security. The end of...
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...History of Law Enforcement Marquell Garrett CJA/204 March 22, 2012 David Klein History of Law Enforcement When discussing the history of law enforcement, it is best we start with the invasion of England in 1066 by the Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror. William bought with him some ideas of policing, where security was considered far more important than freedom. William divided England into five areas, with five separate militaries. An officer was placed in each area. Thus, he created marshal law (Barefoot's World, 1997). In 1116, Henry I, son of William the Conqueror, issued the Leges Henrici, from which Henry received the title, "Law Giver." These laws divided England into thirty judicial districts, and are particularly important in keeping the peace, preventing arson, robbery, murder, false coinage, and crimes of violent nature (Barefoot's World, 1997). . Despite changes made to the laws, and the way things were done, it would not be until 1829 that the first metropolitan police department would be created in London, England. This police department would have jurisdiction over the entire city of London (Learn History, 2004). It would not be until 1838, 9 years post the creation of the London Police Department, that the U.S. would have its first metropolitan police department established in Boston, Massachusetts. However, many cities had night watchers, civilian volunteers, and officers patrolling the...
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...History of Prisons CJA/234 February 3, 2014 Robert Bennett This week’s readings reflected the history of prisons and the eras in which they have evolved. Within this document the evolution of today’s prison systems will be discussed, along with the complications of prison overcrowding. Finally the comparison of today’s prison to the prisons of the past. The penitentiary era changed using the Quaker’s system converting the Walnut Street jail into use instead of using the older method of stocks, flogging, and public humiliation. This was a more humane way to deal with the individuals who chose to break the laws set before them. The inmates were able to work on crafts to keep themselves occupied and their sanity level was maintainable. The mass prison era changed the ways of the jail to a prison in which there were more solitude and less rehabilitation. Inmates were not allowed to speak to make contact with each other, but vocational job training was introduced. Not until the reformatory era was the idea of education introduced into prisons to allow children and adults to become educated with incarcerated. Also the ability for early release for good behavior was introduced. The industrial era introduced prison work labor. Inmates within the prison system would create goods for the public for a minimal wage. The punitive era did away with the industrial aspect of prisons. The ability for education became a luxury, and maximum security prisons were built. As the restrictions...
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...Principals of Security Administration The thought of security is a broad topic which comes off as physical, but is more than tangible. Whether it is securing one self, family or assets it is securing what is most valuable to an individual, a group or enterprise. From the humble beginnings of a small tribe in the Mesopotamia to the great lands of Rome, the development of security and the idea of securing valuable assets was always evident, whether through bloody wars or building of structures such as the temples and pyramids. The behavior can be seen from early development in childhood such that as a toddler. When the toddler is exclaiming “mine” it is an act of protecting what is his or hers. The idea of security has been engraved in our human DNA, so it seems. The history of security advanced from mediocre beginnings to a more superior technology from early history into the twenty first century. What was once a disunified nation of scattered settlements was able to unify with establishing precise security measures from its earliest beginnings of becoming a nation. The chapter in the book describes security as “achieving safety, protection, and freedom from threats and danger.” In the earlier part of history people built fortresses, watch towers and even great walls like that of China. Ancient times relied on castles built with stone walls high from the ground with moats, relied on scouts on horseback or vulnerable spearmen and even knights as personal security. Ancient times...
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...History of State and Federal Prisons The State and Federal Prison Systems have a lot of similarities with a few differences. Both of these systems are unique in their own kind of way and have a rich history in the United Sates. The following paper will be a short discussion of the history of the state and federal prison systems. The state prison systems of today were founded on the nineteenth-century penitentiary, which was based on the legal reforms of the eighteenth-century Age of Enlightenment. The penitentiary was based on legal reforms where scholars searched for a more humane and reform-oriented alternatives to death and other physical punishments that were all too common in that time. Principles of isolation, work, and compliant attitudes were implanted upon inmates in order to alter the nature of confinement. Maximum security was the norm for the early penitentiaries, which included high walls, guard towers, cell blocks stacked in tiers, and massive concrete and steel construction. Prisoners were controlled with isolation and high levels of intimidation and swift punishment if rules were broken. Security level that have been created over time to separate criminals by the type of crime they have committed and whenever or not they are a risk to themselves or others are maximum security, close-high security, medium security, minimum security, and open security prisons. The federal Bureau of Prisons was created in 1930 by an act of Congress signed into law by President...
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