...History (Management) The establishment of a postal service was vital. The Post Office allwed informations and goods to travel across a rapidly growing county. (Santoro, G. 2012) In 1775, the Continetal Congress appointemented Bejamin Franklinn as America’s of Postmaster General.(Bellis,M.n.d) Bejamin Franklin made serveal major contributions to US mail services; he developed new post roads, set out milestones to show how far a postman, who was paid by the mile, had traveled; enacted overnight post riders, invented the pigeon-hole system for mail distribution, and developed an early postal inspection service. (Schurr, C. 1997). The Founding Fathers determined that the post office was so vital that in the Consitituion they manadated Congress to have the power to establish post offices (Sanburn, J. (2011) Congress later enacted home deleivery and and eventually established Parce11 Post in 1913. (Universal Serve and Postal Monoply, 2008) The post For the next severl decades the postal service ran smoothly and incoprated new technology as the came along. Union History Postal Unions date back to the late 19th centuary. Initially, Postal unions were limited in function and mostly exsisted as lobbying organizations with limited bargaining rights. (Boyd and Chen, n.d.) Postal unions did not gain collect bargaining right until the enactment of the Postal Reorganization Act in 1971. There are several unions associated with the Post Office strike mainly; The National Association...
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...Postal workers were part of the eight separate craft unions, including the NALC (National Association of letter carriers). Postal workers are considered federal workers and so they do not really have much say in the organization. Executive orders are given in terms of pay raise and who gets to be the postmaster. For example, if a postmaster simply didn’t like the way an employee looked or has a personal issue with an employee, he/she could fire the employee if he pleases. It was really difficult for a worker to walk up to management to state complains or concerns. The U.S post office department’s management at the time lacked organization and was outdated. The U.S. postal strike of 1970 was a ground breaking two-week strike, which started on March 18, 1970. At this time, postal workers were not allowed by law to engage in collective bargaining especially in issues concerning wages. The postal strike of 1970 focused on higher wages and better working conditions, postal workers first started getting hit with wage decreases back during the depression of the 1930s. Government workers at that time got a 25% wage cut under the executive order by Franklin Roosevelt. As stated above, things were done by executive order or acts of congress pertaining to government workers including postal workers. The wages been paid at that time was not enough for employees to fend for their family and so most workers were living with the aid of government support like food stamps. According to Tara...
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...INTRODUCTION Background of the Case Study of the UNITES STATES POSTAL SERVICE The evolution of the United States Postal Service is interlaced with the history of our federal government. Today, the Postal Service is the second largest civilian employer in the United States. It has over 700,000 employees, affects an economy that employs 9 million people and represents 8% of the United States gross domestic product in a $900 billion mailing industry (United States Postal Service [USPS], 2002b). This organization reaches every United States household and its operations are often perceived as an indication of the efficiency of the entire federal government as a whole. After the historic gridlock of the Chicago Post Office in 1966, Postmaster General Lawrence O’Brien sought the political support of President Johnson for systemic change in the organization. President Johnson formed a “blue ribbon” commission of well-known business leaders and academia’s to study the Post Office Department. Their mission was to recommend how to change the Post Office Department and to also describe the best governmental organization model for its function. The President’s Commission on Postal Organization (Commonly called the Kappel Commission after its Chairman) presented the President with a plan in 1968, which lead to congressional testimony, but legislative action did not soon follow. Various factions, including the strong postal unions representing 740,000 votes, opposed the government corporation...
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...Labor Relations -Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector I. Union Membership II. Union Organization A. Unfair Labor Practices B. “Friendly Societies” III. Public Sector Unions A. Early Organization 1. Ten hour workday 2. Postal Workers 3. Boston Police Strike B. Legislation 1. Wagner Act 2. New York Executive Order 49 IV. Collective Bargaining A. Wisconsin B. Executive Order 10988 C. Taylor Law D. PATCO E. Opposition F. Advocacy V. Summary VI. Bibliography Labor Relations Today, union membership is at an all time low. It has been steadily declining since the 1980’s. Private sector union membership has been affected the most, while that of the public sector has remained relatively strong. Collective bargaining allows employees a voice regarding their wages, benefits and working conditions. The need for unions was a direct result of the unfair labor practices employed during the Industrial Revolution beginning in the late 18th century and continuing on into the early 20th century. During the Industrial Revolution, government adopted a hands-off attitude towards business. Therefore, business owners could treat their workers however they wished. It is largely due to the unsafe conditions, abuse of workers, and the employees’ lack of a voice over their employment that...
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...still are establish a presence by way of strikes, mediation and impasses. Unions will form when employees believe that company management is practicing unfair labor standards and acts and will take action accordingly to meet their goals. This report will look into the history and implications labor unions have had on the U.S. workforce and what they mean for both companies and employees alike in today’s world. General History Famous Labor Strikes The Great Postal Strike of 1970 involved 200,000 postal workers who walked off the job to protest their pay rates, which when accounted barely surpassed the average cost of living in the United States during that time period (in accordance with inflationary rates). President Nixon sent 23,000 U.S. army and marine personnel to handle the mail system, but that failed due to the limited training they possessed working with the massive government operation. Within a week, the government reached an agreement with the worker’s union, allowing for a 14% pay raise for postal workers. As a result, the American Postal Workers Union became a powerful force in bargaining for worker’s rights- from pay raises to working conditions. The Battle of Cripple Creek Strike took place between the Free Coinage Union in California and the Cripple Creek Mining company. The company wanted to extend working hours without increasing pay. Employees reacted angrily by organizing a massive strike and the company quickly backed down...
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... (SW) ID numbers: I6029483 Course code: Group number: 1 Tutor’s name: Professor Hans van Mierlo Writing Assignment: Final Paper 1 Executive Summary Royal Mail is the largest provider of postal services in the United Kingdom and one of the largest postal service providers in the world. This paper analyzes the recent move of the British Government to privatize the Royal Mail. It looks at various aspects leading up to the privatization and the effect that privatization has had on the Royal mail currently. Royal Mail will also be compared to another firm Deutsche Post in an attempt to see if one of the most successful postal privatizations bares any resemblance to the privatization carried out by the Royal Mail. The research methodology will draw from policy and reports, experts, and statistics. The research in this paper draws...
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...UPS and FedEx have dominated the delivery industry for several years dating as far back as 1907 research states. This paper will also detail how these types of services have made such a huge impact on the way consumers shipped and received goods. The timeline offered through both companies online websites detail the evolution of each company’s growth and development into the powerhouses that they are today. The Parcel and Express Delivery Industry The American Messenger Service was founded in Seattle Washington in 1907 by James E. Casey. 19-year-old Jim, as his friends referred to him started the small messenger service from a loan of $100 that he borrowed from a friend. Jim who was no stranger to the delivery business decided to strike out on his own. He and his partner Claude Ryan and their team which included Jim’s brother George took up shop in their basement headquarters taking on several odd jobs delivering packages, baggage, notes, ran errands and at times delivered trays of food from local restaurants. Automobiles were sparse at the time so most of the company’s deliveries were made on foot and by bicycle if the distance was longer. Horse and buggy was the method used by the department stores for larger parcel shipments. Despite there being several other messenger services at the time the company did quite well, this due in part to Jim’s firm policies which included low cost, reliability , customer courtesy and 24-hour availability. Jim’s slogan was “Best Service...
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...Industrial Law An Executive summary: This report has sought to address a number of claims that trade unions in Armisteel Pty Ltd have made that are supposed to be included in the union and organization’s agreement. The report has examined the procedure that the unions should take in the event that it wants to take industrial action as well as the barriers that the unions are going to face. The main purpose of writing this report is to address major legal issues that have been presented by employees to the organization. Armisteel Pty Ltd is a leading manufacturing industry business that is characterized by high levels of union activities within the organization. The unions include AMFKIU, WTU and WAU. The report is going to look into the committee’s wish that the new agreement maintain existing award provisions that had already been provided by a federal award back in 1988. The report is mainly motivated by a number of claims that have been made by the unions and will seek to address their legality to the fullness of the law. The unions are also seeking to take industrial action id their claims are not met by the organization. Introduction: The significance of writing this report is to address and offer recommendations to the joint union committee as well as the recently appointed General Manager on the legality of some of the issues that have been presented by the workers unions. The joint union committee is mainly concerned about major changes that affect industrial laws...
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...accessed has increased exponentially. With this comes an increased awareness and demand by the average consumer for goods and services rendered which is to be received equally as fast. This creates an increased responsibility and burden, for the logistics supply chains and corporations to their stakeholders, to ensure that they maintain the competitive advantage needed to compete in today’s global market. FedEx and UPS begin as the United States major parcel service and has a unique challenge compared to other companies providing goods and services, but they are more than capable to handle the challenges. They both have strong backgrounds and greats services that they provide. We will discuss the history of the companies, their missions, services, geographical converges, and technology. History FedEx was formed in 1971by Fredrick Smith who started the idea of the business as an undergraduate term paper for his Yale economic class. Smith’s strategy dictated that FedEx would purchase the planes that it required to transport packages, whereas all other competitors used the cargo space available on passenger airlines. In addition to using his own places, Smith’s key innovation was a hub and spoke distribution pattern, which permitted cheaper and faster service to more locations than his competitors,...
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...EMPLOYEE RELATIONS PROJECT Table of contents 1. Historical Perspective of IR in Pakistan…………………………………………….. 5 1.1 Employer’s organization History………………………………………………………7 2. System of IR in Pakistan………………………………………………………………8 2.2 Membership of trade unions……………………………………………………………11 3. Upcoming trends and changing characteristics of workforce in Pakistan………….12 4. Challenges of IR in Pakistan………………………………………………………….16 5. Historical development and phases of growth of trade unions in Pakistan………..18 6. Structure; Political affiliation and problems of trade unions in Pakistan…………..20 7. Structure of Unions in Pakistan………………………………………………………22 8. Table…………………………………………………………………………………….24 9. References……………………………………………………………………………….25 1. Historical Perceptive of Industrial Relation in Pakistan. Current population of Pakistan is 182.1-million approximately; it’s ranked sixth as most populated country of the world (Population Census Organization). Total labor force is 59.21 million in Pakistan ( Index Mundi Pakistan) out of total labor force 49.09 million is employed and rest is unemployed, women has got 20% rate in employed strength , in agriculture sector employs are 44%, in service sector 35%, in industry and manufacturing employs are only 20% Industrial relations are the efforts made for the resolution of the differences between employer and employees, on objectives and values, profitability sharing and social justice. Discipline and authority, freedom and...
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...that and more because of ways he created businesses and critical decisions he made since a young age and throughout his life. Born in July 18 1950, in the outskirts of London, Richard Charles Nicolas Branson was the oldest of Edward Branson and Eve Huntley Branson’s three kids. Because of a severe Dyslexia Richard had a very painful time in elementary, he barely knew how to read at eight years old and was completely lost when it came to numbers. “School was painful; I’d look at a blackboard and could not understand anything that was going on…Interestingly, if you look at the history of dyslexics, they often exceed quite exceptionally because they concentrate on the area where they are good at…” (Nr, 2013) Richard Branson’s created his first business when he was fifteen years old, this business was a magazine called Student. With a circulation of fifty thousand, the magazine was an instant hit. In 1970, because of need of money for the magazine, Richard Branson being the entrepreneur that he is created a record store, where you could order the record by mail at a discounted price. It is to creating this record company that Richard Branson and his colleagues came with the name Virgin. “…Why not Virgin, we are all virgins…and I suddenly thought I am virgin at business...
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...Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION 7 2.0 WHAT IS LEADERSHIP AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE LEADER? 7 2.1 WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? 7 3.0 LEADERS IN REVIEW: WHO IS MORE EFFECTIVE LEADER? 9 3.1 BIOGRAPHY - RICHARD BRANSON & VIJAY MALLYA 9 3.2 WHO IS THE MORE EFFECTIVE LEADER? 10 4.0 CONCLUSION 14 5.0 REFERENCE 15 1.0 INTRODUCTION The objective of this research paper is to analyse the differences between the leadership qualities of Richard Branson and Vijay Mallya and come to the conclusion as to who is more effective leader. The paper first defines the leadership and then briefly discusses the concepts associated with the leadership. It then presents two leaders with some brief biographies, characteristics and their contribution to their individual company. It would then conclude who is the more effective leader by providing with some aspects of leadership and leadership framework. 2.0 WHAT IS LEADERSHIP AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE LEADER? 2.1 WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? Leadership is an interesting and widely discussed subject and has been described by James MacGregor Burns (1978) as “one of the most observed and least understood phenomena on Earth”. Northouse (2010) defines leadership being a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. The leadership definition that I favour and think is more suited to the 21st century is “The process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired manner”...
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...I. Introduction Globalization coupled with technology has dramatically altered the competitive landscape of corporate America. As corporations fight for scarce resources, and savvy consumers equipped with greater knowledge through the World Wide Web gain bargaining power, the necessity for big business to improve supply chain management procedures has intensified. The explosive growth of emerging markets like China and India creates both opportunities and challenges in transporting goods and services. The businesses that can leverage technological advances are in a position to garner market share and add value to their shareholders. FedEx has become a world leader in the parcel delivery business. The name FedEx evokes thoughts of getting packages to customers the next day. FedEx now is used as a verb to tell customers that a shipment will be sent so that it is received the next day. Delivering a product on-schedule is the result of multiple business processes working seamlessly to create a Value Chain that yields a firm greater profit over costs (Dess, Lumpkin, & Eisner, 2007). A primary activity of the Value Chain is Supply Chain Management (SCM). Supply Chain Management is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer ((2006). Supply Chain Management Retrieved April 24, 2007, from http://searchcio.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci214546,00.html ) Running...
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...reporter for the Wall Street Journal, with Albert R. Karr, a former Wall Street Journal reporter. It updates several previous editions that had been issued by the U.S. Information Agency beginning in 1981. How the U.S. Economy Works The U.S. Economy: A Brief History Small Business and the Corporation Stocks, Commodities, and Markets The Role of the Government in the Economy Monetary and Fiscal Policy American Agriculture: Its Changing Significance (Posted February 2001) Labor in America: The Worker's Role Other Language Versions: Foreign Trade and Global Economic Policies Afterword: Beyond Economics Glossary Executive Editor: George Clack | Editor: Kathleen E. Hug | Art Director: Barbara Long Illustrations: Lisa Manning | Internet Editor: Barbara Long This site is produced and maintained by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of International Information Programs. Links to other internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views contained therein. Home | About USINFO | Site Index | Webmaster | Privacy Topics | Regions | Resource Tools | Products | | Continuity and Change How the U.S. Economy Works The U.S. Economy: A Brief History Small Business and the Corporation Stocks, Commodities, and Markets The Role of the Government in the Economy Monetary and Fiscal Policy American Agriculture: Its Changing Significance Labor in America: The Worker's Role Foreign Trade and Global Economic ...
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...Strategic Uncertainty and Alternative Futures: Evaluating Our Options in the Post-September 11 World Eric K. Clemons Steve Barnett 23 April 2003 Draft 3.6 1. Introduction Our perception of our world changed dramatically on September 11, 2001. Our sense of safety, security, and certainty were altered, perhaps for years to come, perhaps for the rest of our professional lives. Although it is clear that our personal, political, and business environments have all been altered, it is not immediately clear how they have been changed; this is, it is not clear what the details of these changes will be, or how we must respond. We now live in a period of greater strategic uncertainty. This brief paper summarizes the results of two workshops held by the Reginald H. Jones Center that attempted to provide some insight into the origins of the current conflict that the U.S. faces in the Middle East, as religious (Islam vs. the West) or economic (the developed West vs. the developing Middle East), or a clash of cultures, or some other form not as yet identified1. The hope was that by developing an understanding of the origins of the conflict, we would develop some insights into the form of the conflict and its duration; this in turn would lead to an understanding of the business implications that might result and strategies that might provide appropriate responses in different strategic contexts. We faced a high level of uncertainty about what had happened and what was likely to happen...
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